Global ETD Search

351	Environnement physique et environnement social : conséquences physiologiques de la sélection des habitats Chrétien, Emmanuelle 10 1900 (has links) La sélection des habitats est un comportement important reliant des individus aux conditions environnementales de leur habitat. Elle est généralement étudiée pour faire des inférences sur les patrons de distribution des populations. Or, la sélection des habitats peut varier entre individus d’une même population et cette variation peut excéder la variation observée entre les populations. D’une part, si la sélection des habitats est adaptative, on peut supposer que les individus sélectionneront des habitats leur permettant de maximiser leur performance. D’autre part, les conditions environnementales dans les habitats peuvent affecter les performances individuelles, impliquant ainsi que la sélection des habitats peut avoir des conséquences physiologiques. Par ailleurs, l’environnement social peut influencer la performance physiologique des individus. L’objectif général de la thèse est l’étude des déterminants et des conséquences physiologiques de la sélection des habitats chez les poissons. Dans un premier temps, nous avons créé et comparé la capacité prédictive de modèles de sélection des habitats pour l’achigan à petite bouche Micropterus dolomieu intégrant la variabilité individuelle. Nos résultats ont démontré que l’intégration de la variabilité individuelle permettait d’identifier les variables influençant la sélection des habitats au niveau individuel, des groupes et de la population. Les modèles incluant les variables représentant la présence de refuges dans les habitats avaient un meilleur pouvoir prédictif que ceux qui ne les incluaient pas. Par ailleurs, des groupements d’individus présentant des similitudes dans leur sélection d’habitats ont été identifiés. Malgré tout, la variabilité dans la sélection des habitats entre les individus était nettement plus grande que la variabilité entre les groupes. Nous avons démontré que la présence de refuge était la variable la plus importante à considérer dans les modèles de sélection d’habitats pour les achigans à petite bouche. Nous avons ensuite investigué si la présence de refuge pouvait influencer différents traits métaboliques des achigans à petite bouche grâce à des expériences de respirométrie en laboratoire. La présence de refuge a diminué les taux métaboliques au repos (RMR) des achigans provenant d’un lac alors qu’il n’y a pas eu d’effet sur les achigans provenant d’une rivière. En considérant la position hiérarchique des individus, nous avons noté que les individus dominants avaient un temps de récupération plus court en présence de refuge alors que la présence de refuge n’a rien changé pour les individus soumis. Finalement, nous avons étudié si l’environnement social, en particulier la taille du groupe social, pouvait influencer l’estimation des taux métaboliques des poissons en présence ou en absence de refuge. Nous avons cette fois mené des expériences sur des vairons Phoxinus phoxinus, des poissons très sociaux. Les vairons gardés en petits groupes avaient des taux métaboliques plus élevés que ceux gardés en grands groupes. La présence de refuge a diminué les taux métaboliques indépendamment de la taille des groupes. Nos résultats ont démontré que la taille des groupes peut influencer les dépenses énergétiques des individus, ce qui souligne l'importance de comprendre le rôle des dynamiques sociales sur les variations dans les traits métaboliques. Les résultats de la thèse démontrent l’importance de tenir compte de l’environnement physique et de l’environnement social pour mieux comprendre les conséquences physiologiques de la sélection des habitats. / Habitat selection is an important behaviour that relates individuals to the environmental conditions in their habitat, and is generally studied to infer population-level patterns of distributions. Habitat selection varies among individuals and there is growing evidence that individual differences often exceed population differences in habitat selection. On the one hand, if habitat selection is adaptive, it could be hypothesized that individuals would select habitats that would maximize their fitness. On the other hand, environmental conditions in habitats can have physiological consequences, which can be amplified or masked by the social environment. Therefore, the general objective of this thesis was to better understand the determinants and physiological consequences of habitat selection. We created and compared the predictive capacity of habitat selection models for smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu integrating individual variability. Our results show that by integrating individual variability, we could identify variables influencing individual-, group-, and population-level habitat selection. Models that included variables referring to presence of shelter had the best predictive capacity. Further, we identified groups of individuals defined by their habitat selection. Nevertheless, variation in habitat selection among individuals was higher than that among groups. Presence of shelter was the main correlate of habitat selection for smallmouth bass. We then we tested whether presence of shelter could influence smallmouth bass metabolic traits estimated during respirometry trials. In presence of shelter, resting metabolic rates (RMR) were lower than in absence of shelter for smallmouth bass from a lake population. There was no difference in RMR for smallmouth bass from a river population. Further, dominant individuals showed reduced recovery time (RT) in presence of shelter, while no difference was observed in subordinate individuals. We investigated how social group size and availability of shelter could influence metabolic rate. This project was conducted on Eurasian minnow Phoxinus phoxinus, a highly social fish. Fish held in smaller groups had higher standard metabolic rate as compared to that of fish held in larger groups. Presence of shelter during respirometry trials was associated with reduced metabolic rates, regardless of group size fish were held in. Our results suggest that social group size may directly influence energy demands of individuals, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of group size on variations in physiological traits associated with energy expenditure. Our results highlight the importance of considering the physical and social environment to better understand the physiological consequences of habitat selection. sélection des habitats fonctions de sélection des ressources variabilité individuelle refuge achigan à petite bouche capacité aérobique taux métaboliques temps de récupération environnement social densité Habitat selection Resource selection functions Individual variation Shelter Smallmouth bass Aerobic scope Metabolic rates Recovery time Social environment Density
352	L'étendue effective de la pratique infirmière dans les services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance Chabot, Jade 03 1900 (has links) La profession infirmière, ayant grandement évoluée depuis plusieurs années, place aujourd’hui les infirmières comme des acteurs clés dans l’amélioration des services de santé tant au niveau de l’accessibilité que de la qualité et de la sécurité des soins et des services offerts à la population. Au Québec, on estime que 15 à 20 % des enfants âgés entre 0 et 5 ans naissent et grandissent dans des familles vivant en contexte de vulnérabilité. Afin d’aider ces familles à améliorer leur santé, depuis 2003, tous les centres intégrés de santé et de services sociaux offrent des services intégrés en périnatalité et pour la petite enfance (SIPPE). Le contexte dans lequel vivent ces familles nécessite souvent une approche interdisciplinaire et une collaboration interprofessionnelle. Au cours de leur formation, les infirmières développent des compétences tant biomédicales que psychosociales. En raison de l’éventail de leurs champs de compétences, il appert que les infirmières occupent un rôle central dans l’équipe des SIPPE. Or, pour répondre à la complexité des besoins des familles, les infirmières doivent exercer à leur pleine étendue de pratique. Cependant, les résultats issus de plusieurs recherches menées dans divers milieux au cours des dernières années tendent vers une conclusion commune soit que les infirmières ne parviennent pas à déployer leur étendue de pratique de façon optimale. Puisqu’aucune étude n’a été menée dans le contexte spécifique des SIPPE, l’objectif de cette recherche qualitative consiste à explorer l’étendue effective de la pratique infirmière dans les SIPPE. Afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène, les facteurs influençant le déploiement optimal de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière (ÉPI) dans les SIPPE ont également été explorés. Cette présente étude prend appui sur le modèle théorique Public health nursing practice de Smith et Bazini-Barakat (2003). Selon ce modèle, le rôle de l’infirmière dans un programme de santé publique, comme les SIPPE, repose principalement sur l’évaluation, la planification des soins, l’enseignement à la clientèle et aux familles ainsi que sur la communication et la coordination des soins avec l’équipe interprofessionnelle. En combinant les notions de ce modèle aux activités professionnelles de l’ÉPI de D’Amour et al. (2012), il a été possible de collecter des données sur l’étendue effective de la pratique infirmière dans les SIPPE. Des entrevues individuelles semi-structurées ont été menées auprès de quatre participantes soit trois infirmières œuvrant dans les SIPPE et leur assistante-infirmière chef. Les résultats démontrent que les infirmières occupent un rôle important auprès des familles vivant en contexte de vulnérabilité. Actuellement, elles semblent être en mesure de mettre en œuvre plusieurs activités professionnelles liées à l’évaluation et la planification des soins ainsi que pour l’enseignement à la clientèle et aux familles. Toutefois, les résultats sous-entendent que la pratique infirmière dans les SIPPE n’est pas optimale pour les activités professionnelles liées à la communication et la coordination des soins. Plusieurs facteurs semblent actuellement influencer la capacité des infirmières à mettre en œuvre les activités de leur étendue de pratique. / The nursing profession has evolved considerably over the past several years, and today nurses are key players in improving health services in terms of accessibility, quality and safety of care and services offered to the population. In Quebec, it is estimated that 15 to 20 % of children between the ages of 0 and 5 are born and grow up in families living in a vulnerable context. In order to help these families improve their health, since 2003, all the integrated health and social services centers have been offering integrated perinatal and early childhood services (IPECS). The context in which families live often requires an interdisciplinary approach and interprofessional collaboration. During their training, nurses develop both biomedical and psychosocial skills. Because of their wide range of knowledge and skills, nurses have a central role in the IPECS team. To meet the complexity of families’ need, nurses must practice to their full scope of practice. However, the results of several research studies conducted in recent years point to the common conclusion that nurses are not achieving optimal scope of practice. Since no studies have been conducted in the specific context of IPECS, the purpose of this qualitative research was to explore the actual scope of nursing practice in IPECS. To better understand this phenomenon, factor influencing the optimal deployment of scope of nursing practice (SNP) in IPECS were also explored. This study is based on Smith and Bazini-Barakat (2003) theoretical model of public health nursing practice. According to this model, the nurse’s role in a public health program, such as IPECS, is primarily based on assessment, care planning, client and family teaching, communication and coordination of care with the interprofessional team. By combining the concepts of this model with the professional activities of D’Amour et al. (2012), it was possible to collect data on the actual scope of nursing practice in IPECS. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with four participants: three nurses and their assistant nurse. The results show that nurses pay an important role with families living in a vulnerable context. Currently, they seem to be able to carry out several professional activities related to assessment and care planning as well as teaching clients and families. However, the results suggest that nursing practice in IEPCS is not optimal for professional activities related to communication and care coordination. Several factors currently appear to influence nurses ‘ability to implement their full scope of practice. Étendue de pratique infirmière Population vulnérable Soins de proximité Administration des soins infirmiers Collaboration interprofessionnelle Scope of nursing practice Vulnerable population Community-based care Nursing administration Interprofessional collaboration
353	Реализация государственной политики в сфере профилактики экстремизма в муниципальном образовании: анализ проблем и технологии совершенствования : магистерская диссертация / Implementation of state policy in the field of extremism prevention in the municipality: analysis of problems and technologies for improvement Суслонов, П. Е., Suslonov, P. Y. January 2020 (has links) In the course of the research, the operationalization of concepts related to prevention of extremism at the municipal level; analyzed the regulatory legal framework in the field of extremism prevention; studied the system of extremism prevention in the municipality of Kamensk-Uralsky and identified its main problems. The research resulted in the development of a project to improve technologies and mechanisms for preventing extremism in the municipality of Kamensk-Uralsky. The proposed recommendations can be implemented in the future by local governments of municipalities located on the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. / Результатом работы исследования стала разработка проекта совершенствования технологий и механизмов профилактики экстремизма в муниципальном образовании город Каменск-Уральский. Предложенные рекомендации в дальнейшем могут быть реализованы органами местного самоуправления муниципальных образований, расположенных на территории Свердловской области. MASTER'S THESIS EXTREMISM OPERATIONAL PREVENTION IN-DEPTH PREVENTION AND POSITIVE SOCIAL ACTIVITY ЭКСТРЕМИЗМ
354	Intermittent hypoxia elicits a unique physiological coping strategy in Fundulus killifish Borowiec, Brittney G. January 2019 (has links) Fish encounter daily cycles of hypoxia in the wild, but the physiological strategies for coping with repeated cycles of normoxia and hypoxia (intermittent hypoxia) are poorly understood. Contrastingly, the physiological strategies for coping with continuous (constant) exposure to hypoxia have been studied extensively in fish. The main objective of this thesis was to understand how Fundulus killifish cope with a diurnal cycle of intermittent hypoxia, an ecologically relevant pattern of aquatic hypoxia in the natural environment. To do this, I characterized the effects of intermittent hypoxia on hypoxia tolerance, oxygen transport, metabolism, and the oxidative stress defense system of killifish, and compared these effects to fish exposed to normoxia, a single cycle of hypoxia-normoxia, and constant hypoxia. Specifically, I studied the following topics: (i) how acclimation to intermittent hypoxia modifies hypoxia tolerance, and the hypoxia acclimation response of Fundulus heteroclitus (Chapter 2), (ii) metabolic adjustments occurring during a hypoxia-reoxygenation cycle (Chapter 3), (iii) how acclimation to intermittent hypoxia alters O2 transport capacity and maximal aerobic metabolic rate (Chapter 4), (iv) the effects of hypoxia and reoxygenation on reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress (Chapter 5), and (v) variation in hypoxia tolerance and in the hypoxia acclimation responses across Fundulus fishes (Chapter 6). Killifish rely on a unique and effective physiological strategy to cope with intermittent hypoxia, and that this strategy is distinct from both the response to a single bout of acute hypoxia-reoxygenation (12 h hypoxia followed by 6 h reoxygenation) and to chronic exposure to constant hypoxia (24 h hypoxia per day for 28 d). Key features of the acclimation response to intermittent hypoxia include (i) maintenance of resting O2 consumption rate in hypoxia followed by a substantial increase in O2 consumption rate during recovery in normoxia, (ii) reversible increases in blood O2 carrying capacity during hypoxia bouts, (iii) minimal recruitment of anaerobic metabolism during hypoxia bouts, and (iv) protection of tissues from oxidative damage despite alterations in the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and cellular redox status. Of these features, (i) is unique to intermittent hypoxia, (ii) also occurs in fish exposed to acute hypoxia-reoxygenation, and (iii) and (iv) are observed in both fish acclimated to intermittent hypoxia as well as those acclimated to constant hypoxia. This is the most extensive investigation to date on how fish cope with the energetic and oxidative stress challenges of intermittent hypoxia, and how these responses differ from constant hypoxia. This thesis adds substantial insight into the general mechanisms by which animals can respond to an ecologically important but poorly understood feature of the aquatic environment. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Oxygen levels in the aquatic environment are dynamic. Many fishes routinely encounter changes in oxygen content in their environment. However, we have very little understanding of how cycles between periods of low oxygen (hypoxia) and periods of high oxygen (normoxia) affect the physiology of fish. This thesis investigated how Fundulus killifish cope with daily cycles between hypoxia and normoxia (intermittent hypoxia) by modifying oxygen transport, metabolism, and oxidative stress defense systems. I found that killifish rely on a unique and effective physiological strategy to cope with intermittent hypoxia, and that this strategy is distinct from how they respond to a single bout of hypoxia (followed by normoxia) and to a constant pattern of only hypoxia. This is the most extensive investigation to date on how fish respond to the challenges of intermittent hypoxia, an understudied but ecologically important type of aquatic hypoxia. hypoxia tolerance respiration metabolism haematology gill morphology muscle histology respirometry metabolic depression glycolysis excess post-hypoxic oxygen consumption reoxygenation reactive oxygen species oxidative stress antioxidants diel cycles diurnal hypoxia hypoxia resistance evolutionary physiology phylogenetically independent contrasts aerobic scope fish hypoxia physiology zoology enzyme activity metabolites critical oxygen tension loss of equilibrium
355	Gestaltning av pedagogiskt ledarskap : en studie med utgångspunkt i skolledares upplevelser. / Portrayal of Instructional Leadership : A Study Based on School Leaders’ Experiences. Pripp, Peter January 2024 (has links) I studien har fyra skolledare verksamma i gymnasieskolan intervjuats. Studien syftar till att utforska skolledares upplevelser och erfarenheter av ledning och samordning av det pedagogiska arbetet genom en interpretativ fenomenologisk analys. I studien framträder tre dimensioner av hur pedagogiskt ledarskap gestaltas i spänningsfältet mellan lärares handlingsutrymme och uppdraget att leda och samordna det pedagogiska arbetet. Dessa dimensioner är förhandling och balansgång mellan att skapa struktur och att ge utrymme till lärarna, att följa en etisk kompass som även verkar förebildande samt dimensionen förändringsarbete. Resurserna som respondenterna använder är den förståelsedrivna undersökande attityden i kombination med värnandet av lärarens handlingsutrymme med förväntan om förändring, reflexivt användande av egna tidigare erfarenheter, tydlighet och uppdragsförankring, struktur och systematiskt kvalitetsarbete. Respondenternas förståelse av uppdraget och hur de gestaltar pedagogiskt ledarskap i de dimensionerna i kombination med de resurser som respondenterna använder tolkas som att det ger professionellt välbefinnande. Det blir en form av vård av skolledar-jaget. / In the study, four secondary principals have been interviewed. The aim of the study is to explore principals’ experiences and perceptions of managing and coordinating educational work through Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The study reveals three dimensions of how instructional leadership is manifested within the tension between teachers’ autonomy and the mandate to lead and coordinate educational activities. These dimensions include negotiating and balancing the creation of structure with providing space for teachers, adhering to an ethical compass that also serves as a role model, and the dimension of change management. The resources utilised by the respondents are a comprehension-driven investigative attitude combined with safeguarding the teacher’s autonomy with an expectation of change, reflective use of personal past experiences, clarity and mission alignment, and systematic quality management. The respondents’ understanding of their role and how they embody instructional leadership within these dimensions, along with the resources they use, is interpreted as contributing to their professional well-being. This constitutes a form of care for the principal’s self. / <p>Professionsprogram i pedagogik för undervisning, lärande och pedagogiskt ledarskap</p> instructional leadership scope of action professional well-being coping strategies change management resistance school leader principal assistant principal interview phenomenology Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis IPA pedagogiskt ledarskap handlingsutrymme professionellt välbefinnande copingstrategier förändringsarbete motstånd skolledare rektor biträdande rektor intervju fenomenologi interpretativ fenomenologisk analys IPA Pedagogy Pedagogik
356	Démystification de la résilience et des liens avec la santé psychologique en contexte organisationnel Le Boeuf, Élodie 04 1900 (has links) Thèse de doctorat présentée en vue de l'obtention du doctorat en psychologie - recherche (Ph.D) / La santé psychologique est une composante essentielle au bon fonctionnement quotidien des individus. Celle-ci est influencée par plusieurs facteurs, dont leur emploi. Un employé possédant une bonne santé psychologique n’est pas seulement fondamental pour son propre bien-être, mais également pour les objectifs de l’organisation qui l’emploie. Effectivement, un employé qui vit beaucoup de bien-être psychologique au travail est plus satisfait de son emploi et est plus productif et efficace à la tâche. A contrario, un employé en détresse psychologique à son travail est à risque de développer plusieurs troubles psychologiques, dont la dépression, le burnout et l’anxiété, menant à plusieurs comportements indésirables et à un roulement du personnel accru. La résilience est un phénomène permettant aux employés de mieux gérer les conséquences toxiques des adversités caractéristiques du milieu organisationnel sur leur santé psychologique en protégeant leur bien-être et en limitant les impacts négatifs sur leur détresse psychologique. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont donc de rapporter les principales lacunes de la littérature scientifique au sujet des liens entre la résilience et la santé psychologique en milieu organisationnel et de proposer un modèle prédictif de la santé psychologique chez les directions et directions adjointes des établissements scolaires francophones. Le premier article est une revue de portée qui cartographie la connaissance scientifique sur les liens statistiques directs et indirects entre la résilience et deux facteurs de santé psychologique : le bien-être et la détresse psychologique. Cet article recueille les résultats d’études sur un large éventail d’emplois et de pays d’origine. Plusieurs biais et lacunes en lien avec la validité externe sont observés. La majorité des études proviennent des pays catégorisés WEIRD, étudient les emplois du secteur de la santé et sont motivées par l’arrivée d’une catastrophe telle que la pandémie au COVID-19. Le deuxième article propose un modèle prédictif du bien-être et de la détresse psychologique chez les directions et directions adjointes d’établissements ii scolaires francophones ontariennes et québécoises. Le modèle stipule que le climat de travail, la résilience et les habiletés politiques sont des inducteurs directs du bien-être et de la détresse. Le modèle proposé est également comparé à un modèle alternatif basé sur la théorie de conservation des ressources. Selon l’analyse acheminatoire, le modèle proposé représente le mieux les données et le climat de travail et la résilience prédisent statistiquement le bien-être et la détresse psychologique. La résilience est également le meilleur prédicteur de la santé psychologique. / Psychological health is an essential component for the proper daily functioning of individuals. This is influenced by several factors, including their work. An employee with good psychological health is not only fundamental for their own well-being, but also for the objectives of the organization that employs them. Indeed, an employee who experiences a lot of psychological well-being at work is more satisfied with their job and is more productive and efficient at work. Conversely, an employee in psychological distress is at risk of developing several psychological disorders, including depression, burnout, and anxiety, leading to several undesirable behaviors and increased staff turnover. Resilience is a phenomenon that allows employees to better manage the toxic consequences of the adversities characteristic of the organizational setting on their psychological health by protecting their well being and limiting the negative impacts on their psychological distress. The objectives of this thesis are therefore to report the gaps in the scientific literature on the links between resilience and psychological health in an organizational setting and to propose a predictive model of psychological health among principals and vice-principals of French-speaking schools. The first article is a scoping review that maps scientific knowledge on the direct and indirect statistical links between resilience and the two factors of psychological health: well-being and psychological distress. This article collects the results of studies on a wide range of jobs and countries of origin. Several shortcomings and biases are observed. The majority of studies come from countries categorized as WEIRD, study jobs in the health sector and are motivated by the arrival of a disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The second article proposes a predictive model of well-being and psychological distress among principals and vice-principals of French-speaking schools from Ontario and Québec. The model states that work climate, resilience and political skills are direct drivers of well-being and distress. The proposed model is also compared to an alternative model based on the resource conservation theory. According to the path analysis, the proposed model best fits the data, and work climate and resilience statistically predict well-being and psychological distress. Resilience is also the best predictor of psychological health. Résilience Climat de travail Habiletés politiques Santé psychologique Bien-être psychologique Détresse psychologique Organisation Travail Emploi Direction scolaire Direction adjointe scolaire Francophone Revue de portée Modèle prédictif Work climate Political skills Psychological health Psychological well-being Psychological distress Organization Work Employment School principal School assistant principal Scope review Predictive model
357	Proměny a vývojové tendence v judikatuře Soudního dvora EU v oblasti vnitřního trhu po roce 2004 / Transformations and trends in the case law of the court of justice of the EU in the field of the internal market after 2004 Petrlík, David January 2016 (has links) There have been three main sets of trends in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of the internal market after 2004. The first set of trends concerned the criteria of legal analysis, i.e. the scope of EU rules on free movement, the concept of the restriction of free movement and the justification of such restrictions. The second set of trends in the case law is related to the fact that the Court completes its legal analysis by considerations linked to its value orientation of the Court, i.e. its liberalism, social tendencies, protection of fundamental rights, pragmatism and proactivity. The third trend in the case law of the internal market consisted in changing the focus of case law in the sense that the Court has begun to deal with more and more cases from sectoral fields, i.e. fields covered by secondary law.
358	Návrh vytvoření a ověření produktu oceňovacího nástroje pro IS SAP v oblasti finančního řízení / Proposal and Verification of the Valuation Tool Product for IS SAP in the Area of Financial Management Novotný, Ladislav January 2019 (has links) SAP S/4HANA, project management, ERP implementation, project, time management, cost management, SAP Activate, valuation tool.
359	Posouzení vlivu územního plánování na cenu pozemků v Třebíči / Assessment of the Impact of Planning on Land Prices in Třebíč Fialová, Petra January 2014 (has links) Town and country planning, local plan, book value, market value, agricultural land, residential land.
360	Highway Development Decision-Making Under Uncertainty: Analysis, Critique and Advancement El-Khatib, Mayar January 2010 (has links) While decision-making under uncertainty is a major universal problem, its implications in the field of transportation systems are especially enormous; where the benefits of right decisions are tremendous, the consequences of wrong ones are potentially disastrous. In the realm of highway systems, decisions related to the highway configuration (number of lanes, right of way, etc.) need to incorporate both the traffic demand and land price uncertainties. In the literature, these uncertainties have generally been modeled using the Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) process, which has been used extensively in modeling many other real life phenomena. But few scholars, including those who used the GBM in highway configuration decisions, have offered any rigorous justification for the use of this model. This thesis attempts to offer a detailed analysis of various aspects of transportation systems in relation to decision-making. It reveals some general insights as well as a new concept that extends the notion of opportunity cost to situations where wrong decisions could be made. Claiming deficiency of the GBM model, it also introduces a new formulation that utilizes a large and flexible parametric family of jump models (i.e., Lévy processes). To validate this claim, data related to traffic demand and land prices were collected and analyzed to reveal that their distributions, heavy-tailed and asymmetric, do not match well with the GBM model. As a remedy, this research used the Merton, Kou, and negative inverse Gaussian Lévy processes as possible alternatives. Though the results show indifference in relation to final decisions among the models, mathematically, they improve the precision of uncertainty models and the decision-making process. This furthers the quest for optimality in highway projects and beyond. highway development decision making under uncertainty real options jump processes infinitely divisible distributions Lévy processes measure theory characteristic function characteristic exponent Lévy jump measure probability measure cádlág stochastic process Wiener process Poisson process compound Poisson process finite activity models jump diffusion models Merton model Gaussian jump process Kou model double exponential jump process leptokurtic volatility smile infinite activity models pure jumps process generalized hyperbolic model modified Bessel function negative inverse Gaussian model geometric Brownian motion model log-normal distribution model normality assumption heavy-tailed distribution asymmetric distribution quantile-quantile plot Rydberg algorithm parameter calibration moments cummulants sum of squares Monte Carlo simulation least-squares regression backward dynamic programming discrete-time Markov chain land price traffic demand highway service quality index data collection traffic volume Annual Average Daily Traffic Ontario Ministry of Transportation Land Registry Office Freedom of Information Act seasonality value of transportation types of transportation systems importance of highway systems cost of wrong decisions monetary cost private sector cost human cost land expropriation environmental cost irreversibility cost factor time cost factor political cost factor opportunity cost opportunity cost of wrong decisions economic cost of wrong decisions economic cost of mis-estimation economic profit of wrong decisions cost of inaction price of making right decisions scope of decisions rehabilitation decision land acquisition decision expansion decision uncertainty modeling land acquisition cost expropriation cost construction cost material cost Montréal-Mirabel International Airport Pickering Airport 407 Express Toll Route Highway 407 Statistics

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