隨著網際網路的發展，人們花費更多時間群聚在網路空間裡活動，實體社群 的概念也因此延伸至虛擬網路中。在網路空間瀏覽時，可以看到相當多主題和性 質不盡相同的線上虛擬社群，例如：提供人們交誼聯繫的社群、或是以論壇討論 形式存在，讓人們對共同的興趣討論和分享資訊的帄台。其中，資訊瀏覽和分享 的交流以及人際往來討論的互動，是網友參與虛擬社群的核心活動，故不論對哪 種虛擬社群來說，擁有一個良好的資訊交流和互動環境是相當重要的，也成員社 群經營者關心的問題。 本研究以探究社會群體活動特性的社會資本為基礎，將過去學者所定義的社會資本三構面：認知面（cognitive dimension）、結構面（structural dimension）、關係面（relational dimension），應用至虛擬社群成員交流互動的參與行為探討，並選擇在台灣具有代表性的虛擬社群–Facebook 和Mobile01 作為研究對象，Facebook 是讓參與成員和朋友維持社交友誼的社群，Mobile01 則是讓對相同主題有興趣的成員一起交流討論的社群，兩個虛擬社群主要內容和群聚成員參與的動機和目的都不盡相同，各代表了不同性質種類的虛擬社群。研究結果發現不同構面的社會資本對於成員在社群內交流互動的參與行為有不同程度的影響，而不同性質的虛擬社群在同一構面的社會資本下對於參與成員的行為債向也會有不同程度的影響。 / With the rapid development of internet, much more people have spent much more time surfing through internet. The concept of community in the real life also extends to the virtual network. There are so many kinds of virtual community in the virtual network space that it provide different content and benefit for members, including social contacts and common topic discussion. Actually, the information sharing and interpersonal social interactions are the core activities for members in the virtual communities. Therefore, it is important to form a good environment in the virtual communities. This research uses social capital, constituting cognitive dimension, structural dimension and relational dimension, to examine the behavior of members in virtual communities. We choose two different types of virtual community, Facebook and Mobile01, as our sampling source. Facebook provides members to stay in touch with their friends, and Mobile01 provides members to discuss common topic of conversation and interest. Therefore, members in these virtual community have different purpose and motivation. The results found that different social capital can influence members’ behavior in different ways. Also, different types of virtual communities can influence members’ behavior in different ways through the same social capital dimension.

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This paper addresses a new conceptual framework for a communitybased project management learning model that aims to support learning within a project and enhance the distribution of knowledge within a particular virtual community. This model also aims to develop a virtual community of doctoral students, who can manage their own projects online with other community members who have the same interest. In order to develop that model, a checklist of community-based project management process has been developed in the light of the literature review and the needs of stakeholders (doctoral students and researchers). Within this model, community-based project management includes three main elements: community, project and management. In relation to project, there are two main sub elements. First is projectbased learning (PBL), which is based on constructivist perspective of learning that make students construct their knowledge when they work together to accomplish specific goals. Second is the project management body of knowledge (PMBOK), which is a project management guide, and an internationally recognized standard [PMBOK Guide, 2004], that provides the fundamentals of project management as they apply to a wide range of projects, including construction, software, engineering, automotive, so the study deploy this approach to scaffold based project management learning model. In the terms of the community element, this study adopted the community of inquiry model, which defines a good e-learning environment through three major aspects: cognitive presence, social presence and teaching presence. The last element which is addressed in this study called knowledge management. After identifying these elements, this study investigates a range of tools in the light of this model. The study analyses six different learning and content management systems (OPAL, Moodle, Joomla, e107, ZMS and TUDWCMS) in order to find out tool(s) that is/are sufficient for implementing the suggested study model.

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This study tried to have an exploratory study about the cross-cultural effect of the content of the message board by examining the sitcom programs both broadcasted in Japan and Taiwan. The theory of Individualism versus Collectivism from Hofstede is used as a basis of this study. Moreover, the other factors such as country of origin and viewers’ profile have specific effects toward our findings as well. The content analysis was applied to analyze the data collected from the message board. The practical research relates to the objective of customers and the segmentation of products by analyzing the data of a company. There are important implications of cross-cultural customers and marketing practices according to this research. The future research is expected by examining other aspects of relative issues.

2000年dot com泡沫化後，許多人對於網路公司的夢想破滅，網際網路回到更務實的面向。網路中的價值創造並非無中生有，但是網路的價值創造打破了價值鍊的架構，而是以一種共創(Co-creation)的形式來進行。本研究以個案探討的方式，深入研究台灣具代表性的BBS虛擬社群平台，藉以探討下列三個問題： --在虛擬社群中，社群成員、發展者與社群平台如何共創價值？ --商業化與非商業化社群在價值共創上是否有所不同？ --從非商業化到商業化的過程中，虛擬社群的組成有何變化？ 研究發現顯示，虛擬社群間的共創價值活動，仰賴著共同的經驗網路，以價值星系的方式來創造。而因為社群組成與內容的不同，會面臨不一樣的管理議題與平台需求。合適的跨平台與平台多角化，將可以拓展虛擬社群間共同的經驗網路，增加價值共創的機會。 而商業化與非商業化的虛擬社群，在價值共創的本質上並無不同，但是社群平台商業化色彩過濃將影響社群成員在其中的活躍度。非商業化社群的經營在學術網路的規範下，能取得營運經費的管道較少。但相對而言是一個較佳的發展環境。 從非商業化到商業化的過程中，產權的轉移需要妥善規劃，而在管理風格與管理理念上，也不應該有太大幅度的變動，否則將導致社群成員的重組、甚至流失。 / After the dot com foam, the dream to the internet company of a lot of people evaporated. The internet got back to more practical facing in 2000. The value in the internet is created and does not create something out of nothing, but the value of the internet creates the structure of breaking the value chain, but goes on in a kind of form created “Co-creation". The way probed into by the case in this research, further investigate representative BBS platform of virtual community of Taiwan, and use to probe into the following three questions: --In the virtual community, how with the platform, community, and developer create value? --Is commercial community different from in-commercial community in value co-creation? --From commercialization to commercialized course, what changes does the composition of virtual community have? Discover that shows, value creation activity among the virtual communities are dependent on the common experience network; create by way of value galaxy. And because the community makes up different content, it will face the different management topic and platform demand. Suitable stepping the platform can expand the common experience network among the virtual communities; offer more opportunities that value is created. Commercialization and in-commercialization virtual community are not different on the essence that value creates, but it will influence community members in activeness degree among them that the commercialized color of community platform is passed thick. Commercialize management of community under academic norm of network, can is it operate channel of funds less to obtain. But comparatively speaking a better development environment. From commercialization to commercialized course, the transformation of the property right needs appropriate planning, in idea; there should not be change by a large margin either in the managerial style and management, otherwise cause the reorganization, even loss of community members.

本研究旨在瞭解失戀男性在社會文化導致的傾訴困境裡，如何藉由參與情感 類虛擬社群，與其成員的互動過程重拾自我，逐步踏上復原歷程的寶貴經驗。本 研究將全國最大的 BBS 批踢踢實業坊(PTT)中的 CATCH 板作為觀察對象，首先以參與觀察的文本所得確實呈現感情類看板風貌；並用深度訪談途徑，瞭解 20至35歲、共計8位男性受訪者的網路參與經驗，成果分析如下： CATCH 板的線上社會支持形式可分資訊、情感與社交類型，成員不僅利用看板直接交流（推文），亦可能在較隱微的互動關係（如站內信、MSN）中，逐步積累情感，最後成為對方的現實好友。CATCH 板具備：多元、客觀、專家、媒介特性而利於個人化使用等，利於男性參與之特性；然而，同時亦有：用語過於直接、無法給予當事者後續關心感、缺少女性觀點與物質層面的探討等缺陷。 對於男性而言，其初始參與契機分為三類：情侶分手欲求解惑、單戀無果可望宣洩、瞭解兩性互動的要訣以及自我提昇的技巧。出於對「人肉搜索」的恐懼，男性可能以單純的觀看者作為參與方式，而主動的發文者則是利用多重身份的培養避免身份曝光。最後，男性在參與過程裡所得到的經驗為歸屬感與自我重建、感情觀與個人角色轉化，以及具體的互動或自我提升的策略。 / Men are restricted by the social stereotype that men should be strong even if they were broken-heart. This study tried to draw the experience of those lost men who joined the community of relationship, understanding that how can they recover from the lovelorn affairs. I interviewed eight members come from CATCH, the relational board of PTT which is the most popular BBS (bulletin board system) in Taiwan. They are 20-35 year-old men and have different professions. Besides, I also tried to be a true observer of the board to describe the factual environment. The results show that: Being a critical function of relational community “CATCH”, the types of online social support should be “information” “emotion” and “social activity”. The members not only talk to each other directly, but also adopt "invisible" approaches like mail or MSN to make friends with others. The relation between members could be "real" even if they were just Web friends. “CATCH” has many properties including “plurality” “object” and “user-friendly", opened communication environment and many professional person, well-known as their opinion, also empower men to communicate freely. However, the board do have its restriction just like "sharp criticism"、"short concern"、shortage of women's point of view and material accepts discussion". The initial motivations to be members for those men are: 1. the relation has been finished without causes. Those men are dedicated to finding the answers.2. The end of unrequired love leads men to depression.3. The members want to get the tips of interpersonal relationship and increase self-charming. For fear of “human-powered search”, members could be a potential viewer without posting and speaking; the active one adopts multi-identification to escape from oversee. Through the “CATCH”, men get sense of belongingness to rebuild them from lost. They learn whole new point view of love and shift themselves to a new life. The concrete strategy of interpersonal relation can also increase self-confidence.

This qualitative study develops a model of a virtual community for people with longterm, severe physical or mobility disabilities. The model also has implications for the wider community of people with disabilities. The study uses the Strauss and Corbin grounded theory methodology to inform the investigation from which a systematic theory has been developed. On the basis of this theory, the study proposes strategies for implementing the virtual community model. In-depth interviews were conducted with twelve Queenslanders with paraplegia, quadriplegia or other severe, long-term physical or mobility disabilities and with six health care professionals, service providers, information personnel and policy advisers involved in their well-being. The methodology used one interview question to determine their experiences and perceptions regarding virtual communities and the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Each interview explored in detail the elements, enablers and barriers behind the usage of ICT and/or assistive technology. The personal responses and narratives of the people with disabilities who use the technology and their allied health care professionals were analysed and interpreted for meaning before the transcripts were returned to these participants for validation. Rich explanations were derived. Details of the various response categories of these interviews were analysed as part of the grounded theory, constant comparison methodology, and the relationship to the literature was considered. These de-constructed meanings were compared and contrasted with those in the current literature. The central theme to emerge from these narratives is that people with long-term disabilities regain a sense of control and independence in their lives through the use of ICT, as they move towards an on-line community. Other major themes that emerged from being on-line indicated that being on-line tended to break down people's isolation, while potentially changing the work paradigm (both vexed issues for people with disabilities). Information and communications technology and on-line communities offer ways to enhance every person's inclusion, participation and empowerment in our society. The primary outcome of the study is a theory regarding the character of virtual communities for people with long-term, severe mobility impairments that stakeholders may consider whenever such a virtual community is proposed. The theory is represented as a virtual community model. The model identifies the need for "a sense of control" as the foundational element of virtual communities for the disabled, and distinguishes the key domains in which disabled people participate in virtual communities. The barriers and enablers to their participation are specified within it. The model also provides a framework within which virtual communities can be facilitated. It melds six types of e-communities or sets of well-developed discrete categories (for example, themes, concepts) that the data from this study revealed: education-oriented, fantasy-oriented, information-oriented, interestoriented, relationship-oriented and transaction-oriented, depending on the type(s) of consumer need(s) to be met. The study concludes that although the technology itself provides strategies for independence and thus facilitates self-empowerment, it is also capable of being disempowering. Many interviewees referred to this aspect as a "double-edged sword". Empowerment and dis-empowerment are intersecting processes because of digital divide and information literacy issues and this "double-edged sword", which virtual reality presents for people with physical disabilities. Based on the new knowledge and the model as the outcomes of this study, a range of recommendations are discussed that have application in the community for persons with mobility impairments.