La educación a distancia o e-learning ha tomado mayor notoriedad durante los últimos años y se ha potenciado aún más gracias a la tecnología dejando a lado la educación tradicional. Ello ha permitido que muchas personas se inscriban en un curso sin importar las barreras de espacio y tiempo, por lo cual, muchos jóvenes y adultos puedan trabajar y potenciar sus conocimientos otorgándoles la facultad de crecer dentro de sus empresas en la cual laboran e incluso emprender nuevos negocios. En este contexto, la investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la satisfacción que presentan los jóvenes dentro de las comunidades virtuales a base de la experiencia, expectativa y usabilidad que tienen sobre los cursos e-learning. El cual se realizará mediante un estudio de tipo correlacional, con un enfoque cuantitativo y de carácter concluyente, la cual se tomará como muestra a 400 estudiantes limeños que se hayan inscrito por lo menos en 1 curso virtual. / Distance education or e-learning has gained greater notoriety in recent years and has been further enhanced thanks to technology, leaving aside traditional education. This has allowed many people to enroll in a course regardless of the barriers of space and time, for which many young people and adults can work and enhance their knowledge, giving them the ability to grow within their companies in which they work and even undertake new business. In this context, the research aims to study the satisfaction that young people present within virtual communities based on the experience, expectation and usability that they have on e-learning courses. Which will be carried out through a correlational study, with a quantitative and conclusive approach, which will be taken as a sample of 400 Lima students who have enrolled in at least 1 virtual course. / Trabajo de investigación

In my master thesis I deal the with specific creation of communities on the Internet. The aim of this essay is to contribute to the debate about the problematics of the Internet and its role in the postmodern society. The basic idea is that the physical and virtual world leads to formation of communities. I believe that association with communities can be considered as a natural human phenomenon. Internet is perceived as a space, which provides the opportunity for its users to organize themselves into virtual communities. The question is if the creation of virtual communities is the goal of postmodern society. On the one hand Internet can be seen as a space of strengthening personal individuality, because of freedom and authonomy it provides. But on the other hand communities could place demands on their members, thereby they represent certain limitation of thein member's individuality. In this thesis I verify the hypothesis that the Internet is a space that leads to formation of virtual communities at the expense of developing one's own individuality.

過去三十年來學者針對創業意圖研究已有豐碩的成果，然而虛擬社群中創業意圖的發展與驗證卻未受到注視。因此，本論文採用Shapero-Krueger創業意圖模型與社會資本為理論基礎，提出研究模型探討虛擬社群中網路創業意圖的決定因素。此網路創業意圖模型中網路創業可欲性與網路創業可行性扮演直接決定因素與中介變數，橋接型社會資本與結合型社會資本則為間接決定因素，而網路創業自我效能同時扮演間接決定因素與中介變數。本論文針對網路創業虛擬社群之成員共蒐集204份有效樣本，並以偏最小平方法進行研究模型之驗證與分析。研究結果顯示，橋接型社會資本、結合型社會資本與網路創業自我效能均透過網路創業可欲性與網路創業可行性影響網路創業意圖。最後，本論文研究結果期許對網路創業意圖之理論發展與實務應用提出貢獻與建議。 / While the importance of entrepreneurial intentions has been recognized in entrepreneurial literature for at least three decades, the development and empirical validation of an entrepreneurial intentions model in a virtual community context had not been fully addressed. This dissertation aims to explore the evaluation determinants of cyber-entrepreneurial intention model in the virtual community context. Shapero- Krueger entrepreneurial intention model and social capital theory is utilized as the theoretical foundation to investigate the influences of entrepreneurial determinants that affect the intention to start a business online. A theoretical model of cyber-entrepreneurial intention proposes that cyber-entrepreneurial desirability and cyber-entrepreneurial feasibility serve as direct determinants, and mediators, bridging and bonding social capital serve as indirect determinants, whereas cyber- entrepreneurial self-efficacy serve as both indirect determinants and mediators. This dissertation collected 204 valid questionnaires and used them to test the proposed model. The results show that bridging and bonding social capital, and self-efficacy affect intention through desirability and feasibility. Theoretical and practical contributions and recommendations are also presented.

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Criado a partir do trabalho colaborativo de grupos de pessoas, o ciberespaço expressa vocação para abrigar incontáveis agrupamentos, diversos e distintos como a natureza humana. Parte desses agrupamentos tem recebido o nome de redes de aprendizagem online e comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem. Uma vez que a aprendizagem é intrínseca ao homem, em variados tempos, lugares e situações, todos os agrupamentos do ciberespaço podem proporcionar aprendizagens. Mas o fato de que há aspectos em comum na diversidade não retiraria a necessidade de estabelecer diferenças entre os agrupamentos porque não se deve confundir multiplicidade com indistinção. Nesse sentido, esta investigação buscou identificar elementos que podem distinguir as redes e comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem dos demais agrupamentos do ciberespaço. A partir da compreensão de que as palavras são signos ideológicos e que seu emprego formata a realidade (BAKHTIN, 1981), verificamos que também há distinção entre redes de aprendizagem online e comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem. A reflexão proporcionou ainda mapearmos indicadores de formação de comunidades virtuais em situação de aprendizagem. Para levantar os elementos mencionados, realizamos revisão bibliográfica e examinamos três agrupamentos do ciberespaço, apontados neste trabalho como uma rede social, uma rede de aprendizagem online e uma comunidade virtual de aprendizagem. Mais do que apresentar uma sugestão quanto ao emprego dessas expressões, esta dissertação costura uma série de reflexões sobre rede e intencionalidade educativa, certos de que rede é a metáfora mais fundamental para a Educação do século XXI. / Elaborated from co-operated work by groups of people, the cyberspace expresses the vocation to shelter countless groupings, several and different as the human nature. Some of these groupings have been receiving the name of online learning networks and virtual learning communities. Once the learning is intrinsic to the man, in several times, places and situations, all groupings of the cyberspace can provide learning. But the fact that there are aspects in common in the diversity would not remove the need to establish differences among the groupings because it should not confuse multiplicity with indistinct. In that sense, this investigation looked for to identify elements that can distinguish the online learning networks and the virtual learning communities of the other groupings of the cyberspace. Starting from the understanding that the words are ideological signs and that its use formats the reality (BAKHTIN, 1981), we verified that there is also distinction between online learning networks and virtual learning communities. The reflection provided mapping of indicators of virtual communities\' formation in learning situation. To survey the mentioned elements, we accomplished bibliographical revision and examined three groupings of the cyberspace, pointed in this work as a social network, an online learning network and a virtual learning community. More than to present a suggestion for the use of those expressions, this dissertation sews a series of reflections on net and educational intentionality, convinced that net is the most fundamental metaphor for the Education of the XXI century.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GEORGE VERSAO FINAL p.pdf: 600430 bytes, checksum: 113989051c5b690930efb907ab67cfb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-14 / nenhum / The present work has the objective to make an analysis on the process of Instant Messaging through Internet, searching an intrinsic vision of the way, the internet users, the processes and its surroundings. An historical vision of the evolution of process of this tool to have a clear notion of its use and usefulness in differentiated occasions. Moreover, internet users were analyzed in a social-demographic vision in order to get a panorama of this new type of emissary/receptor of text, raising all the thematic one of the chats in details. On the other hand, it was argued the possibility of the existence of the fancy through the creation and experimentation of alternative identities, beyond considerations on the existence of virtual communities. It is conclude that the instantaneous communication by Internet is a difficult platform of virtual sociability, although not to hinder, the exercise of the fancy by means of the construction of alternative identities. Also it is verified that this model of communication disfavors the formation of virtual communities widely / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de fazer uma análise sobre o processo de comunicação instantânea via Internet, buscando uma visão intrínseca do meio, dos internautas, dos processos e sua abrangência. Buscou-se uma visão histórica de todo o processo evolutivo desta ferramenta, a fim de que se pudesse ter uma clara noção de seu uso e serventia em ocasiões diferenciadas. Além disso, analisou-se o internauta numa visão sócio-demográfica a fim de se obter um panorama desse novo tipo de emissor/receptor de texto, levantando toda a temática dos bate-papos em detalhes. Por outro lado, discutiu-se a possibilidade da existência da fantasia através da criação e experimentação de identidades alternativas, além de considerações sobre a existência de comunidades virtuais. Conclui-se que a comunicação instantânea via internet é uma plataforma de sociabilidade virtual que dificulta, apesar de não impedir, o exercício da fantasia por meio da construção de identidades alternativas. Também se verifica que este modelo de comunicação desfavorece amplamente a formação de comunidades virtuais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GEORGE VERSAO FINAL p.pdf: 600430 bytes, checksum: 113989051c5b690930efb907ab67cfb6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-14 / nenhum / The present work has the objective to make an analysis on the process of Instant Messaging through Internet, searching an intrinsic vision of the way, the internet users, the processes and its surroundings. An historical vision of the evolution of process of this tool to have a clear notion of its use and usefulness in differentiated occasions. Moreover, internet users were analyzed in a social-demographic vision in order to get a panorama of this new type of emissary/receptor of text, raising all the thematic one of the chats in details. On the other hand, it was argued the possibility of the existence of the fancy through the creation and experimentation of alternative identities, beyond considerations on the existence of virtual communities. It is conclude that the instantaneous communication by Internet is a difficult platform of virtual sociability, although not to hinder, the exercise of the fancy by means of the construction of alternative identities. Also it is verified that this model of communication disfavors the formation of virtual communities widely / O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de fazer uma análise sobre o processo de comunicação instantânea via Internet, buscando uma visão intrínseca do meio, dos internautas, dos processos e sua abrangência. Buscou-se uma visão histórica de todo o processo evolutivo desta ferramenta, a fim de que se pudesse ter uma clara noção de seu uso e serventia em ocasiões diferenciadas. Além disso, analisou-se o internauta numa visão sócio-demográfica a fim de se obter um panorama desse novo tipo de emissor/receptor de texto, levantando toda a temática dos bate-papos em detalhes. Por outro lado, discutiu-se a possibilidade da existência da fantasia através da criação e experimentação de identidades alternativas, além de considerações sobre a existência de comunidades virtuais. Conclui-se que a comunicação instantânea via internet é uma plataforma de sociabilidade virtual que dificulta, apesar de não impedir, o exercício da fantasia por meio da construção de identidades alternativas. Também se verifica que este modelo de comunicação desfavorece amplamente a formação de comunidades virtuais

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-10-16T18:19:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mateus Catalani Pirani.pdf: 1948846 bytes, checksum: 05fed3945d9aba3cf4bf6d2a0e6080b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T18:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mateus Catalani Pirani.pdf: 1948846 bytes, checksum: 05fed3945d9aba3cf4bf6d2a0e6080b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-11 / Interdisciplinary study in applied Social Sciences area, establishing relations between Human Rights, Digital and International developed as master¿s thesis, the present work brings qualitative research on the universalization of the Internet, with Human rights approach in the current world-wide scenery. The appearance of a technological society and the impacts that the Internet imposes on an international scenery, they bring questions connected with the human rights. From the Internet it is possible to create new levels of relationship, which does so that it stops being a tool of studies and starts to be used like a communication way between the persons. Being so, the reason to be of this work results from the necessity of which this communication is within reach of all, in other words from his universalization. Such universalization must be understood as it forms one of human rights realization, be in function of the freedom of expression, of the right to the information or of other rights connected with the human dignity. Human rights off-line must be also online proteges. Besides, the universalization of the Internet can be understood like a human right in herself, in the direction of avoiding that a digital exclusion takes place in current social contemporary fact. The thematic seal in the analysis of the Internet like a social phenomenon, as well as like his relationship with rights, in order that there is drawn a view that allows the defense of the universalization of the Internet while it leaves from the outline of the human rights. / Estudo interdisciplinar na área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, que estabelece relação entre Direitos Humanos, Direito Internacional e Direito Digital desenvolvido como Dissertação de Mestrado, o presente trabalho traz pesquisa qualitativa sobre a universalização da internet, com enfoque de Direitos Humanos no atual cenário mundial. O surgimento de uma sociedade tecnológica e os impactos que a Internet impõe ao cenário internacional, trazem questões ligadas aos direitos humanos. A partir da Internet é possível criar novos níveis de relacionamento, o que faz com que ela deixe de ser uma ferramenta de estudos e passe a ser utilizada como um meio de comunicação entre as pessoas. Sendo assim, a razão de ser desse trabalho advém da necessidade de que essa comunicação esteja ao alcance de todos, ou seja de sua universalização. Tal universalização deve ser entendida como uma forma de concretização de direitos humanos, seja em função da liberdade de expressão, do direito à informação ou de outros direitos ligados à dignidade humana. Direitos humanos off-line devem ser também protegidos on-line. Além disso, a universalização da Internet pode ser entendida como um direito humano em si, no sentido de evitar que ocorra uma exclusão digital em uma atual realidade contemporânea social. A temática foca na análise da Internet como um fenômeno social, bem como como seu relacionamento com direitos, a fim de se traçar um panorama que permita a defesa da universalização da Internet enquanto parte do arcabouço dos direitos humanos.

本研究主要目的是探討現今人們透過電腦中介傳播系統(computer-mediated communication, CMC)發展出的人際情感親密關係。研究動機是基於網路目前的風行以及研究需要，並視網路為「虛擬情境」，稱此通道下之人際情感親密關係為「虛擬人際關係」，與親身接觸發展出的人際關係有相同與相異之處。 　　本研究整理1970年左右迄今「電腦中介傳播」從「媒介選擇」、「人際互動」到「人際關係」，從強調網路工作效益至人際效果的研究歷程。「媒介選擇」包括「去線索理論」中的社會臨場感理論、媒介豐富理論、缺乏社會情境線索假說等，以及強調社會影響的社會資訊處理觀點；「人際互動」則分為網路人際情感、網路中的語言與非語言線索、比較電腦中介傳播與面對面兩種人際互動等加以說明；另著重在網路人際關係的文獻探討，詳述walther以「社會資訊處理觀點」看電腦中介傳播人際關係的研究，並也說明可用在網路研究的人際傳播理論。文中提到電腦中介傳播人際情感親密關係研究之重要，並敘述與本研究－「虛擬人際關係」相關的理論與說法。 　　研究探討的重心有三：1. 欲了解「虛擬人際關係」的發展與組成，以及這種人際情感網絡對於現實生活中人際網絡具替代或互補作用；2. 了解「虛擬人際關係」與親身接觸人際情感關係的異同；3. 找出人們尋求「虛擬人際關係」的原因。 　　本研究以電子布告欄(Bulletin Board System, BBS)為研究情境，選擇清大電機BBS站心情類版為研究個案，採用俗民方法學的態度，以觀察、親身參與其人際互動、社會網絡分析、深度訪談、電子郵寄問卷等方式探討BBS中的人際親密關係與情感支持。 　　研究結果發現「虛擬人際關係」網絡對大多數使用者為人際網絡之擴大；其發展過程與親身傳播人際感情關係發展過程類似，也會有自我表白、分享、了解等親密關係與情感互動，但「匿名」、文字互動、想像與期待、與異性交往多、轉移傳播情境會有落差等，是兩人際關係發展不同之處。而「虛擬人際關係」的組成還必須要有電腦網路「匿名」、情感使用、虛擬情境等特質，以及使用者有電腦網路經驗、技巧、媒介接近性、學科背景、個人特質（個性、偏好）等條件，這些不同於親身接觸的人際情感關係的組成與發展因素，也是使用者去尋求「虛擬人際關係」，得到情感與親密之因。 　　因此，「虛擬人際關係」可以使人發展親密關係並有情感互動，它無法替代實際人際情感親密關係，人們也不可能脫離現實的人際互動，但即是如此，由電腦中介傳播媒介建構的情境卻可以是一處情感交流與宣洩的地方，科技進步也可有溫情的人際效果。 / The study mainly attempts to explore intimate and emotional interpersonal relationship through the computer-mediated communication(CMC) ,orthe Internet, which is regarded as a "Virtual context". The relationship is named as "virtual relationship" which is different from face-to-face(FTF) one. 　　The study examined several related researches from 1970s on "media choice theory" and "interpersonal interaction". The former includes social presence theory, media richness theory and social information processing(SIP) theory. The latter combs the differences in the interpersonal emotion, ve.rbal/nonverbal cues and human interaction between the CMC and FTF chanell. and interpersonal relationship .Besides, the author describes Walther's SIP theory a lot and suggests it can also be applied to the research of internet-based interpersonal communication. The study also suggests that the most important in the research of CMC is to undesrstand the connection among the users, especially in emotion and intimacy. 　　There are three points in the research:(1)the development and constitution of the virtual relationships, (2)the difference in between virtual and FTF relationships, (3)finding out the reasons why people come to virtual relationships. 　　The methods of the study include ethnographic participant observation, social network analysis, depth interview and E-mail questionnaire to discuss the internet- based interpersonal intimate relationships and emotion support. The "feeling", "manwoman" and "love" boards at NTHU were chosen to be the case study . 　　The results find that "virtual relationship" is most BBS-users's expansion of their social networks. The developing process of virtual relationship is similar to that of FTF relationship, including self-disclosure, sharing and understanding.The different, however, fall on nicknames, verbal interaction, image and anticipation in the BBS. In addition to the development, the constitution of virtual relationships is based upon nicknames, use of emotion, users' idiosyncrasy, BBS experiences and computer skills that are also the reasons why people need virtual relationships. 　　Virtual relationship, therefore, enables one to develop intimate relations and share each other's feelings. However, the interpersonal relationship under FTF remains unreplaceable. No one can do without the interaction. Even so, the "virtual context" still provides a space for the expression and sharing ones' emotions; therefore, technology progresses also promote the warmth in interpersonal relationships.

網路技術的發展與進步，改變了人們日常生活中的溝通習慣，也讓網路成為人際溝通與獲取資訊的主要來源。對於尋求日常生活不論食、衣、住、行各類資訊的民眾而言，網路無疑是一種既快速又便利的取得資訊來源。透過彼此使用、購買經驗分享與傳授，網友們相互提供的口碑資訊得以在網路的虛擬空間裡不斷地累積擴散。其中，香水虛擬社群成員間的互動與口碑訊息交流，為本研究所感興趣欲進一步研究的議題。 本研究以虛擬社群台大PTT Perfume 板的成員為調查對象，以社會資本理論歸結出的成員特性: 相似性、認同感及信任感三構念，來探討影響社群使用者知識分享交流的動機與其對網路口碑訊息傳遞的影響；另以訊息訴求與訊息框架二構念來研究其對社群使用者溝通效果及後續口碑傳播意願的關聯。本研究以「問卷調查法」進行資料的蒐集，共蒐集有效樣本問卷227 份，使用SPSS 18.0 來進行資料分析，以檢驗本研究模型和相關假說。 研究結果發現: (一)、社群成員的「相似性」不論對成員間的「知識貢獻」、「知識欲求」與「口碑傳播意願」，均有顯著正向的影響。社群成員的「認同感」對成員間的「知識貢獻」與「口碑傳播意願」，有顯著正向的影響；但對成員的「知識欲求」則無顯著影響。社群成員的「信任感」對成員間的「知識欲求」有顯著正向的影響；但對成員的「知識貢獻」與「口碑傳播意願」則無顯著影響。(二)、「正面框架」的訊息表達方式，以及不論「理性」、「感性」、或「自我象徵」的訊息訴求，對於社群使用者均能帶來正向顯著的「溝通效果」；另外，訊息的「溝通效果」，會對社群成員網路口碑傳播的意願帶來顯著正向的影響。(三)、最後，Perfume 板虛擬社群成員間的「知識交流」程度，亦會對社群內的「口碑傳播意願」帶來顯著正向的影響。 / The development and progress of Internet technology has changed human communication, especially interpersonal communication and information searching. Moreover, the Internet has become a convenient communication channel in our daily life for gathering product-related information. Product users can share their purchase and usage experience with one another over the virtual network and the impact of online word-of-mouth is escalating. Accordingly, this study is to discuss the sharing and transmission of the online word-of-mouth about perfume among the virtual community members. Data were collected by an online questionnaire survey from 227 members of PTT_Perfume, which is one of the most famous virtual communities in the area of BBS. The study incorporates similarity, identification, and trust from the perspective of the social capital theory to discuss the knowledge sharing intention and their influences on the word-of-mouth transmission；Besides, it investigates how the message appeals and message framing affect the communication effect and how online word-of-mouth spreads among the virtual community. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS 18.0. The findings of this research reveals that community similarity is positively associated with the knowledge sharing and the intention of online word-of-mouth transmitting；Identification is positively associated with the knowledge contribution and the intention of online word-of-mouth transmitting；Trust is only positively associated with the knowledge acquisition. Second, positive framing, rational, emotional and self-expressive appeals all have positive influences on communication effect. Finally, the communication effect of messages and the degree of knowledge sharing both have positive impacts on the intention of online word-of-mouth transmission.