In spite of increasingly sophisticated workforce management tools, a significant gap remains between the goal of effective staffing and the present difficulty predicting the stochastic demand of inbound calls. We have investigated the hypothesized nonhomogeneous Poisson process model of modem pool callers of the University community. In our case, we tested if the arrivals could be approximated by a piecewise constant rate over short intervals. For each of 1 and 10-minute intervals, based on the close relationship between the Poisson process and the exponential distribution, the test results did not show any sign of homogeneous Poisson process. We have examined the hypothesis of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process by a transformed statistic. Quantitative and graphical goodness-of-fit tests have confirmed nonhomogeneous Poisson process. <p>Further analysis on the intensity function revealed that linear rate intensity was woefully inadequate in predicting time varying arrivals. For sinusoidal rate model, difficulty arose in setting the period parameter. Spline models, as an alternative to parametric modelling, had more control of balance between data fitting and smoothness, which was appealing to our analysis on call arrival process.

The main purpose of my essay is to inquire into the situation in the preparatory classes. The focus of interest in the essay is to see how new arrived pupils/children from Iraq integrate in the new school environment, foreign culture and what difficulties they come across during their period at the preparatory class. Such as language difficulties and how they manage with the traumatic memories from the war and the effect of that in their learning. I choose to do a qualitative survey and taking part in observing a preparatory class to see how they work. Thereafter, to see from a different perspective and understand the pupils more and perhaps go deeper with some questions I choose to interview some of the pupils. The responds I received gave me a more comprehensible idea of the struggle these children have been through and still go through in a daily basis. The result of this study illustrates the character of a preparatory class, and the central factors that occur in their education. The result have shown that an intercultural work procedure at the schools gives the pupils in the preparatory classes a chance to integrate in the new multicultural environment. The intercultural way of working is necessary for their language development, other pupils and teachers understanding of their situation and the work up of their traumatic experiences.

Our purpose was to research the new reform amendment" Lag om etableringsinsatser för vissa nyanlända invandrare", and whether the establishment of the reform is good and if it was a necessary amendment. For that reason, we have chosen to answer our purpose in these issues with this question formulation; how can the change of the law establishing operations influence the newcomers in the labour market, the problems the law intends to address, how the new change in the law is different from when the municipality "kommun" was responsible, and how the law can be discussed based on theories of social capital and weak ties. The method used in this study is from a adductive approach where the research is based on both empirical evidence and existing theory that interact between these two. The results that emerged in our work was that the newcomers within the labour market has been remote, the way the municipality’s addressed the problem did not work and the result of this was a new reform amendment, where a new participant established. The previous research has shown that there was a variation to how different the municipality managed the establishment of the new arrivals. According to the government the municipality failed in the matter of establishing new arrivals. Further investigation has also shown that the social network has been central point in the establishment of the arrivals.

This essay is an evaluation of the act of establishment (2010:197). The act is about different operators' responsibility and accountability for new arrivals to get a more effective integration into society and to speed up the new arrivals' establishment on the labor market. The purpose of this act is to get more new arrivals involved in the Swedish labor market directly. By doing so, it gives these people a possibility to become self-sufficient. This study has focus in four different operators; Employment service, Immigration service and two local politicians from Social democrats (Socialdemokraterna) and Conservatives (Moderaterna). This evaluation analyses if the act's goal has been reached according to the operator's estimations. To find out the operator's opinions qualitative data collection method in the form of interviews has been used. The collected material from the different operators has been analyzed through both top down - bottom up theory but also to a target evaluation model. In the final discussion the writers are going to discuss their own thoughts and opinions about the result and analysis. In the result it becomes clear that the act’s not fulfilled. The different operators have a different point of views to look at the act and its problematic areas. In the final discussion we have come with suggestions what can be done to reduce or minimize the problems and dilemma that’s takes place in the act and in the working field. During the study the results shows that the hierarchy system and the bad communication between the different operators makes the work more difficult and ineffective.

This study rises up an untouched area of ​​research where the relationship between newly arrived parents and teachers is examined from a structural perspective. Previous research has looked only at the interaction between parents and teacher; this study is thus a theoretical contribution to the research. The aim of the study is met by examining the perceptions newly arrived parents have of their meeting with the Swedish school, the relationship with their children’s teacher, cooperation, collaboration between home and school, as well as their own influence in their children's learning. Similarly examines the perceptions teachers have about newly arrived parents, cooperation, collaboration between them and the parents and parental influence on children's learning. Method: To meet the objective, a qualitative survey has been made. Ten qualitative interviews with ten newly arrived parents and two interviews with teachers, including a primary school teacher and a preschool teacher. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that parents were generally pleased with their relationship to the teachers, but that they do not really see their own role in their child's learning, except helping with homework and going to formal meetings. The teachers perceived the relationship as generally good, but did not see newly arrived parents being involved or active parents. The teachers expected this, as these parents have language deficiency and too little knowledge of school organization. The teachers were the ones who had the formal power and they decided what information arrivals parents were provided with. Collaboration between teachers and newly arrived parents proved to be inadequate and it affected both the teachers and parents attitudes towards each other.

This study has an integration policy direction as it focuses on the qualification for the new arrivals to quickly establish themselves in the labor market, and how the government's interventions, which in this case is the establishment reform, have affected municipalities and what its role is in this context. The purpose of the establishment reform is to faster the new arrivals integration in to the labor market.   The aim of this study is to analyze the interaction factors that is affecting the integration of new arrivals into the labor market by study the professionals opinions on the interplay between involved organizations in two municipalities before and after the establishment reform. Studies have shown that the establishment reform has not achieved its goal and the purpose is to analyze the aspects behind this problem.   The results of the study were analyzed with help of the interaction theory and the new institutional theory which is a part of the organization theory. An important aspect in the results of our study is the deficiency with the interaction between the participating organizations that obstruct the new arrivals path to becoming self-contained. In order to identify the problem, the study focuses on the co-operation among two communities in Sweden with the new arrivals way into the labor market. The study is based on the professional’s experience of this social context therefore we conducted seven qualitative interviews to get a reality depiction. The result showed various opinions on the advent of the establishment reform and the central deficient are co-operation difficulties and regulation limits the professional way to work. Further, the study concludes that some of the professionals assume that the establishment is an operating reform while other finds it insufficient, but what they have in common is that they find that the working methods need to be more distinct in order to achieve a better function of the establishment reform.

This thesis develops diffusion models for modern electrochemical experiments involving the transport of particles to electrodes and adsorbing surfaces. In particular, the models are related to the 'impact' method where particles stochastically arrive at an electrode and detected electrochemically. The studies are carried out using numerical simulations and also analytical methods. Chapter 1 is introductory and outlines some fundamental concepts in mass transport and kinetics, and their relation to electrochemical measurements which are of importance for the reader. Chapter 2 describes the numerical methods which are used for electrochemical simulations. Chapter 3 focuses on a specific two dimensional simulation system and the development of a high performance voltammetry simulation. Chapters 4 and 5 study the stochastic impacts of particles at an electrode surface. In Chapter 4, a 'diffusion only' model is developed using a probabilistic study and random walk simulations in order to provide expressions that can be used in so-called `impact' experiments. In Chapter 5, the practical cases of microdisc and microwire electrodes are investigated. Expressions for the number of impacts are developed and the concept of the lower limit of detection in ultra-dilute solutions is introduced. Then, a comparison study between the microwire electrode and the microdisc electrode explores a geometrical effect and its implications for experimental setups. In Chapter 6, a numerical and analytical study is developed to examine the effect of hindered diffusion as a particle moves close to an adsorbing surface. The study identifies the conditions under which this hindered diffusion is signiffcant even in a non-confined space. The study shows that the domination of hindered diffusion is strongly dependant on the sizes of both the particle and the target. The study focuses on a variety of target shapes and allows the number of hits/impacts to be estimated in practical 'impact' experiments. Moreover, a drastic effect on the calculation of the mean first passage time is observed for a sub-micron sized target, showing the importance of this effect not only for electrochemistry but also in biological systems. Chapters 7 and 8 investigate the properties of an adsorbing insulating surface adjacent to an electrode. In Chapter 7, a numerical study of the effect of 'shielding' by the insulating sheath is carried out. The study examines the in uence of this effect on the magnitude of the current in chronoamperometry experiments. Chapter 8 explores the case of reversible adsorption on the insulating surface for voltammetric enhancement by pre-concentration on the sheath surface. The results identify the conditions under which enhancement of the voltammetric signal can be observed. Finally, Chapter 9 looks at geometrical effects on the current response of insulating particles modified with an electroactive surface layer. Numerical models are developed to model the diffusion of charge transfer between electro-active sites on a modified surface of insulating particles. The current-time responses are simulated for particles with the shape of a sphere, a cube/cuboid, and a cylinder on an electrode. The characteristic currenttime responses are calculated for the various shapes. The observations show that the model can be utilised in experiments to determine the coverage or the diffusion coeficient of charge dissipation on modified insulating particles and, in some situations to identify the particle shape.

Att flytta till ett nytt land och anpassa sig till ett nytt språk, en annan kultur och nya normer och värderingar innebär en stor livsförändring. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur förskollärare arbetar med integration av nyanlända i förskolan med fokus på kultur och språk. Vidare, att undersöka vilka förutsättningar förskollärare anser är nödvändiga för en fungerande integration i förskolan. Kvalitativa intervjuer med fem verksamma förskollärare genomfördes vilket analyserades utifrån ett interkulturellt-och monokulturellt perspektiv. Resultaten visar att ett interkulturellt förhållningssätt i arbetet med en mångkulturell barngrupp, där barns olikheter ska synliggöras underlättar integrationen. Egenskaper som är viktiga är lyhördhet, flexibilitet, ödmjukhet och att vara en trygg vuxen. Förskollärarna i studien anser även att bakgrundsinformation om barnet och en god familjesamverkan är en viktig förutsättning. Fortsättningsvis visar resultatet att förskollärarna i studien arbetar med ord-kort, rim och ramsor och böcker för att utveckla språkutvecklingen hos nyanlända barn, både sitt modersmål och det svenska språket. När det handlar om synliggörande av andra kulturer visar resultatet på olikheter i arbetssättet hos förskollärarna. Några arbetar aktivt med att synliggöra andra kulturer i förskolans miljö och i firandet av traditioner, medan andra anser att detta är ett stort utvecklingsområde. / Moving to a new country and adjusting to a new language, a different culture and new norms and values is a big change in life. The aim of this study is to illuminate how pre-school teachers work with integration of newly arrived children in preschool with a focus on culture and language. Further, to investigate important pre-conditions for a good integration in pre-school. Qualitative interviews were conducted with five active pre-school teachers. The interviews were analyzed from a intercultural and monocultural perspective. The results show that an intercultural approach in the work of a multicultural child group, where children’s differences should be visible. Important characteristics of a preschool teacher is responsiveness, flexibility, humility ad being a confident adult. The preschool teachers in the study also considered background information about the child and a good family relationship as important pre-conditions. Further, the result shows that the preschool teachers in the study work with word card, rhyme and jingle and books to develop newly arrived children’s language development, both their native language and the Swedish language. When it comes to visualization of other cultures the result are inconclusive. Some of the preschool teachers worked actively with introducing other cultures in the preschool environment and in celebration of traditions, while others consider it as a major development area.

I denna studie behandlas frågan om nyanlända och deras bristfälliga roll i dagens samhällsplanering. Dessa individer är en utsatt samhällsgrupp som växer i en oerhörd takt i Sverige och riskerar att inte känna någon tillhörighet i städer om de utesluts ur planeringsprocessen. Syftet med denna studie var således att öka deltagande av nyanlända i medborgardialogen för att tillgodose deras behov och preferenser. Eftersom kommuner spelar en ledande roll i planeringsprocessen beslutades det att målet med studien var att skapa en checklista, som kommuner kan använda sig av för att öka deltagandet av nyanlända i medborgardialogen. För att uppnå detta genomfördes en litteraturgranskning av tidigare studier och arbeten för att upptäcka tillvägagångssätt, metoder och nyckelfaktorer som kan öka deltagandet av nyanlända. Fem stycken svenska kommuner intervjuades hur de arbetar med frågor om nyanlända i medborgardialogen. Responsen påvisade att kommuner arbetar med dessa frågor till viss del och att samtliga upplevde ett mycket lågt deltagande av nyanlända i dagens planering. De deltagande kommunerna validerade nyckelfaktorerna. Detta bidrog till slutsatsen att checklistan är tämligen komplett men att fler nyckelfaktorer hade givit en mer nyttig påverkan. Eftersom reaktionen av kommunerna pekar på att de funna nyckelfaktorerna är centrala för frågan om nyanlända ses studiens checklista som högst användbar. Förbättringar av checklistan kan vara ett uppdrag för framtida studier. Dessutom drogs slutsatsen att kommuner kan se problematik med ytterligare arbete med frågan om nyanlända på grund av bristfälliga resurser. Ytterligare en frågeställning framkom under studiens gång på grund av ett lågt deltagande av svenska kommuner och bakomliggande faktorer i denna studie. Frågan behandlade varför svenska kommuner undviker dessa frågor om nyanlända i planeringsprocessen. Slutsatsen av detta pekade på att kommuner inte arbetar med frågorna och att det bör ske förändringar i lagstiftningen. Detta skulle tvinga alla kommuner att prioritera frågan, som även underlättar arbetet för andra kommuner som vill arbeta mer.

The aim of this literature study was to investigate and analyze how social workers do to communicate with newly arrived people who cannot speak Swedish. The aim of the study was also to investigate what obstacles and opportunities arise when the social worker and the newly arrived must speak through an interpreter. We then processed the result and analyzed it with the help of power theory, role theory, a communication theory and stigma. Our results showed that the interpreter has a central role in the communication between social workers and the newly arrived and the interpreter's actions and professionalism influence how well the communication works in the meeting between social workers and the newly arrived. We also discovered that it places higher demands on the social worker as he tries to communicate and build a relationship with newly arrived.