Данная магистерская диссертация посвящена теме коллаборативного перевода. Рассматриваются исторический опыт коллаборативного перевода, специфика перевода текстов разных функциональных стилей, технологии коллаборативного перевода и лексическая сочетаемость слов. В рамках исследования осуществляется коллаборативный перевод статьи из интернет-энциклопедии «Википедии», описана технология применения данного вида перевода. В результате исследования полученный перевод текста был опубликован в русскоязычном разделе сайта «Википедии». / This master’s thesis studies collaborative translation. The theoretical part considers the history of collaborative translation, specific translation features of texts of different functional styles, collaborative translation technologies, and lexical collocation are considered. In the practical section, there is carried out a collaborative translation of an article from Wikipedia, the usage of this technology being described. At the final stage of the research, the resulting Russian version of the text was published in Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Gang crime is a growing social problem that involves both women and men. The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about how female involvement in gang crime is portrayed in the Swedish media and what similarities and differences exist in the media's portrayal of women's and men's involvement in gang crime. The study is a qualitative document study of mass media documents. Newspaper articles from Aftonbladet and Expressen have been collected based on a targeted selection. In the study, a total of 79 articles have been included in the thematic analysis, where Nikolajeva's (2017) contradiction scheme formed the basis for finding codes, categories, and themes. Hirdman's (1988) gender system theory was then implemented in the discussion of results. The results show that media depictions of women's and men's involvement in gang crime mainly reproduce gender norms and the gender dichotomy. The reason for this is that the stereotypically female characteristics of obedience and self-sacrifice are most used to describe women's involvement in gang crime in the Swedish media. Thus, the results also show that the stereotypically male characteristic active occurs when women's participation in the media is portrayed and thus the gender contract is also challenged. Furthermore, there are both similarities and differences in the comparison of women's and men's participation in media portrayals. Similarities are seen, for example, based on the female characteristic of obedience, while differences are seen in male characteristics such as violence and independence. In conclusion, mass media depictions of women's involvement in gang crime can both uphold and challenge the gender contract, but depictions that uphold the gender contract are the most common.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the medial portrayal of Romani people in the newspaper Dagens Nyheter from 2013 and 2014. In the theoretical chapter the concepts of new racism is used to speak of what is considered racist in the Swedish society today. Other concepts that are used are type and stereotype which are used to explain how our context is depending on distinctions to understand what surrounds us. Concepts such as myths and binary-oppositions are other theories that are used in this study.  Six debate articles have been selected to investigate how the Romani people are represented. Discourse analysis was used to answer the main questions in this study and was used to answer the purpose of this study. The main result was that the Romani people was discriminated and were not given the opportunity to speak their mind. It was always someone else outside this ethnic group who presented their view on something. They were considered passive as a group, in need of help from the remaining society. Said newspapers made generalizations about the group and connected them to begging. Finally, the perhaps most interesting result that this study finds is that the media makes distinctions between the Romani people and other social groups. The Romani people are made out as “the others” and a “we” and “them” in the Swedish society becomes prominent.

The aim of this study was to examine how American news media covered Donald Trump's presidential campaign in the election of 2016, as well as discussing the possible consequences of such reporting on the election results. Using mixed methods, 3652 digital news articles were studied by discourse analysis and topic modeling through MALLET. The study found that a substantial number of articles were dedicated to such non-political news reporting as scandals, portraying an image of Trump as someone who can get away with doing whatever he wants. Furthermore, the results of the study found that media helped to convey Trump’s views of minorities, doing so in particularly by citing him. The media also relied largely on polls. Comparison of the candidates through these polls enhanced the image of the election campaign as nothing more than a horse race, as well as turning up Trumps entertainment value. As the campaign continued, the reporting got more aggressive towards Trump. At the same time there was an element of wanting to balance the critical articles about him by simultaneously writing negatively about other candidates. The study concludes that all of the non-political new stories might have directed focus away from the important policy issues, leading to people voting for candidates without  the proper insight into their politics.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att genom en kritisk diskursanalys undersöka hurbegreppet förebyggande arbete i relation till kriminalitet bland barn och unga används i samhällsdebatten. Detta för att bidra med kunskap om hur förståelsen och användningen av begreppet i sin tur kan påverka hur socialtjänsten arbetar förebyggande i relation till kriminalitet bland barn och unga. Empirin bestod av 30 debattartiklar där begreppet förebyggande förekom tillsammans med barn och unga samt kriminalitet eller brott. Debattartiklarna hämtades från Sveriges största dags- respektive kvällstidning, Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet, under tidsperioden 2023-01-01 till 2024-04-24. För att analysera denna empiri använde vi oss av kritisk diskursanalys som både teoretiskt ramverk samt metod. I studiens resultat utkristalliserades ett antal diskurser; diskursen om tidiga insatser, diskursen om civilsamhället, diskursen om familjens betydelse och ansvar samt diskursen om allmänprevention. Dessa diskurser analyserades för att förstå hur användningen av begreppet förebyggande i sin tur kan påverka hur socialtjänsten arbetar förebyggande i relation till kriminalitet bland barn och unga. Studiens slutsatser visar att samtliga diskurser är överens om att förebyggande arbete är viktigt men att begreppet framställs och används på olika sätt. Socialtjänsten lyfts fram som en viktig aktör men hur socialtjänsten ska arbeta förebyggande i relation till kriminalitet bland barn och unga konkretiseras inte nämnvärt i diskurserna. Socialtjänstens arbete med barn och unga kan komma att påverkas av hur diskurserna använder begreppet förebyggande genom det faktum att det väntas en ny socialtjänstlag med en betoning på det förebyggande arbetet i form av ett perspektiv. Detta perspektiv medför ett tolkningsutrymme som kan formas av dessa diskurser. Ett sådant tolkningsutrymme påverkas i sin tur av olika maktrelationer där framförallt styrande politiker och deras diskurser har stor makt att fylla detta tolkningsutrymme med idéer om vad förebyggande arbete är riktat mot kriminalitet bland barn och unga. / The purpose of this study has been to analyze, by the use of critical discourse analysis, how the concept of preventive work in relation to crime among children and young people is used in the social debate. This is to provide knowledge about how the understanding and use of the term can affect how social services work preventively in relation to crime among children and young people. The data consisted of 30 debate articles where the term prevention appeared together with children and young people and crime. The debate articles were taken from Sweden's largest daily and evening newspapers, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, during the time period 2023-01-01 to 2024-04-24. To analyze this data, we used critical discourse analysis as both theoretical framework and method. In the results of the study, a number of discourses was identified; the discourse on early interventions, the discourse on civil society, the discourse on the importance and responsibility of the family and the discourse on general prevention. These discourses were analyzed to understand how the use of the term prevention can have an impact on how social services work preventively in relation to crime among children and young people. The study draws the conclusions that all discourses agree that preventive work is important, but that the term is presented and used in different ways. Social services are highlighted as an important actor, but how social services should work preventively in relation to crime among children and young people is not explained in any further details in the discourses. Social services' work with children and young people may be affected by how the discourses use the term prevention due to the fact that a new social services law is expected with an emphasis on preventive work as a perspective. This perspective entails a space of interpretation that can be shaped by these discourses which in turn are affected by different power relations. Politicians have the power to impact the interpretation of the perspective by their ideas about what preventive work should consist of in regards of crime among children and young people.

This study aims to investigate the representation of the region Tornedalen and tornedalians, a Swedish minority, in national news media through a critical discourse analysis. Despite being recognized as a national minority, tornedalians have reported a lack of media coverage, which can lead to feelings of invisibility and discrimination. News media has a significant impact on what we discuss and think about, and they have the responsibility to provide a broad representation of society, including its diversity. However, historically, minority groups have been overlooked or devalued in news media, which can have consequences for marginalized groups lacking significant power, including minorities. Therefore, this study seeks to deepen the understanding of the media’s impact on society’s perception of the minority. The study analyzes how power structures and ideologies shape their representation, interpreted from a post-structuralist perspective, using concepts such as producers/consumers, positioning, otherness, subaltern, and cultural identity. The study’s findings suggest that Tornedalen is often represented as a peripheral and exoticized place, reinforcing the idea of a homogeneous Swedish identity. Tornedalians are often positioned as “the other” with their cultural practices and language being portrayed as inferior or irrelevant. Journalistic practices play a crucial role in shaping knowledge and understanding of minority groups such as tornedalians, and the study highlights the need for news media to provide a more diverse and accurate representation of society. The study also suggests areas for further research, such as investigating how different audiences interpret and react to news articles, and how Tornedalen and tornedalians are represented in public service media. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of how news media shapes society’s perception of minorities and highlights the importance of providing a diverse and accurate representation of society.

This study investigated common English language errors made by Oshiwambo, Afrikaans and Silozi First Language speakers. The study examined errors in a corpus of 360 essays written by 180 participants. Errors were identified and classified into various categories. The four most common errors committed by the participants were tenses, prepositions, articles and spelling. The study is important to educators and study material developers who should become aware of the kind of errors that their target learners make, so that they are in a better position to put appropriate intervention strategies into place. For learners, error analysis is important as it shows the areas of difficulty in their writing. The limitations and some pedagogical implications for future study are included at the end of this research paper. / English Studies / M. A. (TESOL)

Title: Comparison of sport clubs in Radotin and Zbraslav Targets: This thesis aims at producing an overview of the sport associations in Prague's district no. 16, namely in Radotin and Zbraslav. The thesis is to compare the differences in ensuring and carrying on sports activities within the association sphere in the given areas. Methods: For the purposes of the thesis the following methods have been used, namely a structured nonstandard interview, descriptive analysis and comparison. Results: It follows from the thesis that the associations based in Radotin do, indeed, function better that those situated in Zbraslav. That is especially true as regards their price policy, financing by way of subsidies, coaching stuff, organising of sports events as well as the cooperation with the public. On the contrary, Zbraslav associations have developed better cooperation with schools. Sport clubs in Zbraslav are more focused only on children and youth. In contrast, the Radotín sports clubs are trying to involve in its work all ages. For the purpose of presenting the sports overview we have created systematisation of sports facilities, database of contacts of executive directors of associations and comparative table of certain Radotin and Zbraslav sport associations. Key words: association, the articles of...