This volume is a guide to references to East Africa (including photographs) in the main journal of the Leipzig Mission (for previous years see No. 4). The articles, most of which were based on reports written by missionaries in what are now southern Kenya and northern Tanzania, have been indexed in order to facilitate research.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify underlying problems in newspaper representation of integration and labor market. My media analysis includes articles published in 2018-2022. The purpose of this is to get as nuanced picture as possible. This thesis uses theories that individually or jointly help define and answer problems in medial narratives of integration and labor market. Social constructivism is applied as theoretical and conceptual lens by which to analyze and critically study social constructions shaped by language. Conceptually, the notion of stigma is utilized together with empirical work in order to understand the structural discrimination that occurs in the news texts. Established and outsiders brings out the dichotomy between different groups in society. I have found that the explored debate articles show complexity of a divided society. Integration and the labor market produces immigrants as a societal problem. Immigrants become synonymous with criminals and threats to the economy. My media analysis shows that the debate is used as a political instrument, used to blame others for its failed reforms and efforts. Since most articles use this type of representation, this contributes and is reproduced as knowledge to the reader.

This thesis has been carried out as there has been a need to expand research in men's violence against women in close relationships. This by a historical comparison to discover causal explanation and conceptions with a focus on change and continuity over time. Men's violence against women needs more research, although new interventions such as laws have been put into place, the problem still remains in society. The thesis will focus on finding change and continuity over time. Analyzing the area through a historical perspective can further contribute to a greater insight into the problem today, to reduce the risk of repetition of the past, regarding conceptions on gender and violence and not make the problem invisible. The material that has been used in the thesis is based on news articles from Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet, based on four selected time periods during the 1900–2020s. The analysis focus on the public's perceptions and causal explanations of men's violence against women in close relationships. The result of the analysis concluded, among other things, that research and news articles do not always correspond and that society's perceptions and causal explanations have both altered and continued. A finding  in the thesis is that jealousy and men's feelings are two relatively unexplored areas.

This study focuses on the clitic pronoun usage by Spanish-Quechua bilingual speakers in Cuzco, Peru when faced with a question that includes a definite article preceding the direct object. Answers are analyzed to determine whether or not the definite article has an effect on the presence or absence of the clitic pronoun. Direct objects tested were both [+human] and [-human] objects to determine if these variables affect clitic pronoun use as well. Speakers who have identified themselves as bilingual in both Spanish and Quechua were given a survey to complete in order to see what factors may contribute to the use or omission of the clitic pronouns.

While it certainly can be argued that translation is a quite demanding discipline in general, some areas within this field are, naturally, more challenging than others. One of these is hedging, which serves a broad variety of purposes both with regard to the author and to the intended readership, and hence must be translated accordingly. This paper investigates hedges in scientific research articles, the types and frequency of hedges in the analysed Swedish sourcetext (ST) compared to the English target text (TT), and the methods used for translating these hedges and their distribution by means of a short study conducted on two Swedish runology articles. The study’s quantitative analysis shows that the Swedish ST has a clear preference for adverbial hedges, and to an extent, also for modal verb hedges, whereas the English TT – while yielding an even higher preference for adverbials and also for lexical verbs – uses modal verbs much less frequently. It becomes evident that adverbials may feature so strongly in translations because they are easier to recall and to use than more complex structures, especially for L2 speakers. This practice does, however, result in a somewhat less flexible translation. The by far most frequently used translation strategy is faithful translation, particularly for content-oriented hedges. However, a fair number of adaptations (both in modal strength and word class change) and omissions – mostly of modal verbs – as well as numerous additions occurred, initiated by influential factors such as cultural differences regarding natural sounding text, L2 speaker perception of equivalence and/or lack of suitable linguistic equivalents. Thereby, the English translation showed a tendency toward adapting weaker modals compared to their Swedish ST equivalents, confirming the greater reader-orientation of English research articles.

Den här studien undersöker nyhetstidningarnas del i kontexten för hur ansvar för klimatkrisen formas i det svenska samhället. Detta görs genom att studera hur två av de största nyhetstidningarna i Sverige, Dagens Nyheter och Aftonbladet, framställer olika aktörers ansvar för klimatkrisen i sina nyhetsartiklar. Det är relevant att studera nyhetstidningarnas ansvarsbeläggning för klimatkrisen då tidigare forskning har visat att nyhetsmedier kan påverka både uppfattningen om ämnen i samhället samt attityder och beteenden i relation till de ämnena. Studiens avsikt är därför att bidra till förståelse för hur nyhetstidningarnas ansvarsbeläggning av klimatkrisen kan påverka uppfattningen om ansvar och således hanteringen av klimatkrisen i samhället. Materialet analyseras utifrån gestaltningsteorin och miljökommunikationsforskningens syn på miljökommunikation som formande av miljön. Resultatet visar på att artiklarna till störst del ansvarsbelägger politiska aktörer, att företags ansvar förskjuts till politiska aktörer eller fördelas mellan politiska aktörer där företagen då får minst ansvar, samt att individers ansvar knappt gestaltas. Slutsatsen är att nyhetstidningarna inte ansvarsbelägger väsentliga aktörer i klimatkrisen lika mycket, vilket kan ses som problematiskt då klimatforskning menar att alla aktörer i samhället måste agera. / This study examines the part that Swedish newspapers play in the context of constructing responsibility for the climate crisis in Swedish society. This is done by studying how two of the biggest newspapers in Sweden, Dagens Nyheter and Aftonbladet, portray different actors’ responsibilities in the climate crisis in their news articles. It is of high relevance to study newspapers’ distribution of responsibility since previous research has shown that news media can affect both the perception of events and topics in society, as well as attitudes and behaviours in regards to those events and topics. Therefore, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how the newspapers’ distribution of responsibility can affect the perception of responsibility as well as the management of the climate crisis in the Swedish society. The material is analyzed through the theory of framing and the environmental communication research’s view that communication about the environment shapes the perception and therefore the form of the environment. The result shows that news articles mainly give responsibility to political actors, that companies’ responsibility is pushed over to political actors or placed between both companies and political actors where companies get the lesser responsibility, and that individuals are given a minimal amount of responsibility. The main conclusion is that the newspapers do not distribute responsibility evenly among the essential actors, which can be seen as problematic since climate research mean that all actors in society must act to solve the climate crisis.

Hur medier omskriver ett fenomen påverkar allmänhetens inställning till det berörda fenomenet. I denna uppsats presenteras en studie av om, och i så fall hur, stigma framkommer då svenska medier skildrar äldre med depression. För att få en uppfattning om huruvida skildringarna är under förändring studeras och jämförs två tidsperioder, år 1995–1999 samt 2015–2019.  Studien som presenteras är en kvalitativ dokumentstudie av massmediedokument. Tidningsartiklar från de fyra största svenska dagstidningarna samlats in utifrån ett kriteriestyrt urval. Dessa tidningsartiklar har sedan analyserats och tematiserats genom en textanalys. Av resultatet framkommer att stigma är vanligt förekommande i skildringar av äldre med depression. Två teman framkommer; Missgynnande med anledning av ålder och Skildringar med negativa attribut. Mellan de båda tidsperioderna som studerats finns det såväl likheter som skillnader. Stigma framkommer under båda perioderna men skillnader har skett i hur skildringar görs i enskilda frågor utifrån rådande synsätt. Dessutom förekommer skillnader i hur olika negativa attribut präglar medias rapportering. Den skillnad som tydligast föreligger är att äldre med depression i hög grad skildras i relation till ensamhet under den senare tidsperioden. Det har också skett en utveckling i hur olika behandlingsmetoder skildras. Uppsatsen är relevant i förhållande till socialt arbete då äldre personer med depression i stor utsträckning är de kommunala socialtjänsternas ansvar. Det är därför viktigt att känna till hur äldre med depression skildras i medier då det har inverkan på allmänhetens kännedom om, och inställning till, åldrande och depression. / How the media writes about a phenomenon has an impact on the public´s perception of the concerned phenomenon. In this thesis a study is presented. The aim of the study is to investigate if, and in that case, how, stigma occurs when Swedish media portray elderly people with depression. To get an idea of whether the descriptions are changing, two time periods are studied and compared, 1995–1999 and 2015–2019. The study presented is a qualitative document study of mass media documents. Newspaper articles from the four largest Swedish daily newspapers were collected based on a criteria-driven selection. These newspaper articles have then been analyzed and thematized through a text analysis. The results show that stigma is common in descriptions of the elderly with depression. Two themes occur; Disadvantages due to age and Descriptions with negative attributes. Between the two time periods studied, there are both similarities and differences. Stigma occurs during both periods, but differences have occurred in how descriptions are made in specific issues based on prevailing views. In addition, there are differences in how different negative attributes characterize media reporting. The most obvious difference is that older people with depression are largely portrayed in relation to loneliness during the later time period. Also, there has been an evolvement in how different kinds of treatment are portrayed. The thesis is relevant in relation to social work as older people with depression are to a large extent the responsibility of the municipal social services. It is therefore important to know how the elderly with depression are portrayed in the media as it has an impact on the public's awareness of, and attitude towards, aging and depression.

Cangurin.com nace de una investigación sobre las oportunidades y necesidades de los padres de familia del NSE B-C en lima metropolitana, con relación a las compras que realizar para sus hijos menores de cinco años de productos de segundo uso a través de plataformas virtuales. Además de comprar, también podrán vender estos productos que ya no utilizan, a un precio accesible. La solución ofrecida es una tienda virtual que estará disponible las veinticuatro horas de día, los siete días de la semana, donde los usuarios, previa inscripción en dicha plataforma, podrán subir contenido de los productos que quieran ofrecer, estos serán evaluados por el equipo de Cangurin.com antes de su publicación. Se cargará una comisión por venta realizada y el envío estará a cargo del usuario. Cabe precisar que la empresa dará soporte en asesoramiento a los usuarios ara que garanticen una buena experiencia a los clientes. La estrategia de comunicación será a través de medios digitales como redes sociales, Influencers, anuncios en buscadores y en vía pública. Para el inicio de las operaciones se requiere una inversión de S/ 96,219.00 donde el 60% será financiamiento propio y el 40% será externo. Cangurin.com es un proyecto que tiene como objetivo posicionarse en el segmento de padres de familia con hijos menores de 5 años que buscan alternativas de ahorro y concientizar en el cuidado del medio ambiente con la compra de productos de segundo uso. / Cangurin.com is the result of a research about opportunities and needs of parents from the social economic level B-C located in Lima city, with their purchase behavior of second use products for their children, under five years, through virtual platforms. They can also sell these products that they no longer use, at an affordable price. The solution offered is a virtual store that will be available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, where users, after registering on the platform, will be able to upload content of the products they want to offer, these will be evaluated by the team of Cangurin.com prior to publication. A commission will be charged on the sold product and the shipment will be the responsibility of the user. It should be noted that the company will provide advisory support to the users to ensure a good experience for customers. The communication strategy will be through digital media such as social networks, influencers, search engine ads and billboards. An investment of S / 96,219.00 is required to start operations, where 60% will be own financing and 40% will be external. Cangurin.com is a project that aims to position itself in the segment of parents with children under 5 years of age who seek savings alternatives and raise awareness about caring for the environment with the purchase of second-use products. / Trabajo de investigación

[pt] Estudos recentes sugerem que os materiais ocupam um importante papel nas organizações que precisa ser mais bem compreendido (BOXENBAUM et al., 2018; NICOLINI; MENGIS; SWAN, 2011). Artefatos menos convencionais como LEGOS são empregados em empresas, na intenção de apoiar a organização em seu desenvolvimento e mudança. Esta pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, buscou entender como, na percepção dos facilitadores, os artefatos influenciam e medeiam as interações entre diversos atores, durante as oficinas de Lego Serious Play (LSP), para o alcance de objetivos preestabelecidos. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o próprio método LSP, 20 entrevistados foram envolvidos na coleta de dados. A análise de conteúdo e um framework para condução de pesquisas, com base em perspectivas sociomateriais (MOURA; BISPO, 2019), serviram de orientação para sua análise. Nessa pesquisa, buscou-se uma fundamentação teórica para promover uma aproximação entre os estudos sobre agência material e o Serious Play (SP) no campo das organizações, de modo a aumentar a compreensão sobre a influência dos artefatos nas práticas de SP realizadas nas empresas. Dessa maneira, observa-se que: (1) os artefatos podem influenciar e mediar as interações humanas estabelecidas em espaços reflexivos; (2) o play na abordagem SP pode ser concebido como um sistema heterogêneo de artefatos que interagem, se complementam e são mutualmente constitutivos; (3) o atingimento dos objetivos preestabelecidos nas oficinas de LSP depende de associações e relações sociais mediadas e influenciadas por esse sistema de artefatos. / [en] Recent research suggests that matters play an important role in organizations that needs to be better understood (BOXENBAUM et al., 2018; NICOLINI; MENGIS; SWAN, 2011). Unusual artifacts like LEGOS have been used in companies with the intention to support individuals and organizations in its development and change. A qualitative research, sought to understand from the facilitators perspective, how artifacts mediate and influence interactions between various actors during the Lego Serious Play(LSP) workshops, in order to achieve a work-related predefined objective. Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted for a qualitative research that also adopted LSP as a method for data collection. Content analysis and a framework for a research, based on socio-material perspectives (MOURA; BISPO, 2019), served as guidance for its analysis. In this research, a theoretical basis was sought to promote an approximation between material agency and Serious Play (SP) studies in the field of organizations, in order to increase the understanding of the artifacts influence in SP practices carried out in companies. In this way, we contributed to demonstrate that: (1) artifacts can influence and mediate human interactions established in reflective spaces; (2) play in the SP approach can be conceived as a heterogeneous system of artifacts that interact, complement and are mutually constitutive; (3) the achievement of pre-established objectives in the LSP workshops depends on associations and social relations mediated and influenced by this artifact system.

The amount of available text data has increased rapidly in the latest years, making it difficult for an everyday user to find relevant information. To solve this, NLP and visualisation methods have been developed for extracting valuable information from text and presenting it to the user. The aim of this project is to implement a proof-of-concept visualisation prototype for exploring a large amount of Swedish news articles with related metadata and investigate the temporal and relational aspects of the data. The project was divided into three major parts. In the first part, sketches of the visualisation were designed and evaluated through user tests. The second part consisted of designing and implementing a NLP pipeline, using BERTopic, where both Dynamic Topic Modeling (DTM) and Hierarchical Topic Modeling (HTM) were used. Some parameters of the pipeline were evaluated using evaluation metrics and through visual inspection, for instance a Swedish sentence transformer. The final part consisted of implementing and evaluating the visualisation prototype. The project resulted in a web-based visualisation, presenting the NLP results, with two different views: a top 10 topics view and a hierarchical view containing all topics. The prototype has various features, e.g., clicking and hovering for details-on-demand and options for changing and altering the view. The prototype was then evaluated through an internal case study and user tests. For the user tests, there were two groups of participants: people working in the journalism field and people working closely to the NLP field. Both groups thought there was more value in viewing the top 10 topics view than the hierarchical view. Furthermore, the quality of the top 10 topics view was considered higher overall compared to the hierarchical view. In the end, the result of this project is a proof-of-concept visualisation prototype presenting topics of Swedish news articles, over time and in relation to each other. A few possible improvement possibilities include improving the hierarchical relations between the topics and the run time of the topic model and prototype. Also, the prototype may be further improved with additional features, e.g., real-time data, a map, the full text of the articles and a search function. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>