This study was to determine the extent to which the use of high-level questioning, through eliciting responses to selected poems, affects children's value claims. Twenty-seven seventh-grade boys comprised the control group, and twenty-seven eighth-grade boys comprised the experimental group. The experimental group took part in values-clarification experiences for sixteen weeks. The control group received no value instruction. The Values Inventory was administered to both groups at the beginning and at the end of the sixteen weeks. Testing of the hypotheses resulted in eight of the hypotheses being significant at the .01 level, indicating that values-clarification experiences using high-level questioning and selected poems did affect children's value claims.

The daunting challenge that faces South African business is to redress the inequalities of past discrimination and to develop to its maximum the potential of every team member while remaining competitive. Some of the key challenges include creating a supportive and attractive work environment that's inclusive of diversity, staff retention and an organisational culture that will leverage diversity. The case study organisation faced similar challenges. In order to understand the dynamics a diversity workshop was designed and consulted from a systems psychodynamic paradigm. The primary task of the Diversity Workshop was to provide opportunities for members to study and learn about intrapersonal, interpersonal and inter group relationships in relation to diversity behaviour in the workplace. 50 participants attended the workshop and 22 participants completed the questionnaire. The content was analysed and themes from a psychodynamic stance identified. The overall objective of the workshop was met as it made unconscious behaviour visible, allowed participants to reflect, facilitated dialogue and enabled transfer of learning to the workplace. This approach allowed groups to move from basic assumptions to task oriented behaviour. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

Bakgrund: Under flera år har några av Sveriges största banker kritiserats under den så kallade “penningtvätts-härvan”. Media har till stor del uppmärksammat skandalen utifrån ett företagsperspektiv men desto mindre ur ett kundperspektiv. Skandalernas relevans och aktualitet öppnar upp för att undersöka på vilket sätt bankkunder reagerar till följd av penningtvättsskandaler. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka vilken effekt penningtvättsskandaler har på konsumenters befintliga attityder gentemot banker. Med anledning av de senaste årens uppmärksammade bankskandaler i Sverige görs undersökningen för att avgöra om attitydförändringen vidare har någon påverkan på konsumenters beteende i förhållande till bankerna. Tidsperspektivet gör denna studie relevant för att undersöka i vilken utsträckning konsumenter påverkas av denna typ av skandal vilket ger viktiga insikter för finansföretag. Metod: För att uppfylla vårt informationsbehov bestod vår empiri av kvantitativ data som samlades in genom enkäter. Vi var intresserade av att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan studenters attitydförändringar och beteende gentemot bankerna. Urvalet bestod av studenter som läser någon form av ekonomisk inriktning vid Högskolan i Borås. I enkäterna presenterades ett fiktivt fall där en penningtvättsskandal illustrerades samt information om hur studenterna skulle påverkas av skandalen. I det ena fallet drabbades studenterna ekonomiskt negativt av skandalen medan de inte drabbades i det andra fallet. Vi skickade således ut tvåenkäter, där hälften av urvalet fick den ena enkäten medan den andra hälften fick den andra. Resultat: Många av studenterna har relativt stabila relationer till sina banker innan skandalerna. Efter skandalerna värdesatte studenterna främst det egna intresset vilket medförde att de inte längre var lika lojala gentemot sina banker. Det skedde en tydlig attitydförändring blandstudenterna efter skandalerna oavsett ekonomisk påverkan. Slutsatser: Utifrån undersökningens modifierade modell kan vi dra slutsatserna att studenternas värderingar, egenintresse och lojalitet till banken tillsammans bidrar till en attitydförändring till följd av skandalerna. Det innebär att penningtvättsskandalen i de fiktiva fallen visade sig ha en effekt på studenternas befintliga attityder gentemot deras banker. Denna attitydförändring mynnar vidare ut i ett beteende orsakat av skandalerna. / Background: For several years, some of Sweden's largest banks have been criticized during the so-called “money laundering scandal”. The media has largely drawn attention to the scandal from a business perspective, nevertheless from a customer perspective. The scandal's relevance and timeliness opens up to investigate how bank customers react due to money laundering scandals. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of money laundering scandals on consumers' existing attitudes towards banks, based on the recent banking scandals in Sweden in recent years. This is to determine if the change in attitude further has any effect on consumerbehavior in relation to the banks. The time perspective makes this study relevant to examining the extent to which consumers are affected by this type of scandal, which provides important insights for financial companies. Methodology: To fulfill the purpose of the study, our empirical data consisted of quantitative data collected through surveys. We were interested in investigating whether there was a connection between students' attitude changes and behavior towards the banks. The sample consisted of students who study some form of financial orientation at the University of Borås. The survey presented a fictitious case in which a money laundering scandal was illustrated as well as information on how the students would be affected by the scandal. In one case, the students were financially negatively affected by the scandal while in the other case they were not affected financially. Half of the students received the survey were they were negatively affected and the other half, the one where they weren´t affected. Findings: Many of the students seemed to have relatively stable relationships with their banks before the scandals. Following the scandals the students seemed to value their self-interest which meant that they were no longer as loyal, as before, to their banks. There was a clear change in attitude among the students following the scandals regardless of financial impact. Conclusions: Based on the study’s modified model, we can conclude that the students' values, self-interest and loyalty to the bank contribute to a change in attitude towards the bank as a result of the scandals. This means that in the fictitious cases, the money laundering scandal had an effect on the students' existing attitudes towards their banks. The change in attitude further leads to a behavior caused by the scandals.

Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the net benefits and change in user behaviour in a technology push scenario in Smart Cities. Design/methodology/approach –The research was conducted using a quantitative approach. Hence, quantitative data was obtained by devising and distributing a questionnaire adapted from the literature to serve the purpose of this research. Data was analysed by using SmartPLS software, since this tool allowed for the creation of a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Contributions –The research is expected to help foster an understanding of the factors affecting citizens’ satisfaction with technology-supporting smart cities. The focus of this research was on the scenario where technology was introduced by the government to support the development of smart cities, and where citizens ‘do not have a choice’ and are ‘pushed’ to use them. The research contributes a model for assessing the role of satisfaction in enhancing the net benefits of smart city technologies on the lives of citizens, as well as the change in individuals’ behaviour towards smart city technologies when they are ‘pushed’ for use. The findings provided insights to enable policy makers to implement smart cities in developing countries while ensuring the satisfaction of the users. Originality/value – The originality of this research is centred around determining how satisfied citizens are with smart cities and the net benefit of smart cities within a developing country (Kuwait) context. The research is also unique in that it examines the role of citizens’ satisfaction in changing their behaviour towards ‘push’ technology within smart cities. Theoretical Contributions – This study examined the factors that led to acceptance of smart cities in Kuwait. Hence, this study used the theories related to user acceptance of technology and added to its trust in provider. Previous studies have examined trust as a broad concept. Moreover, this study incorporated the push theory and also examined the change in user behavior, which was not examined in earlier studies.

This study focuses on the influence of particular teaching strategies that can be used in Environmental Education (EE) and examines how specific methods influence knowledge retention and attitude change. The aim of the study is to compare the 'traditional' lecture style method where learners are passive, with cooperative learning to determine their influence on learners’ knowledge retention and attitude towards marine conservation. Both methods can be considered effective teaching methods to increase knowledge retention and induce a positive change in environmental attitudes. However, this study suggests that the teaching method used in a particular school could influence the learning outcomes of the EE programme because of pre-existing abilities, skills the learners may have and context to which the learners are exposed. In conclusion, when offering an EE programme, for the programme to be successful one would need to determine which method of teaching is practised within schools and then ensure that the same method is used. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Environmental Education))

This study focuses on the influence of particular teaching strategies that can be used in Environmental Education (EE) and examines how specific methods influence knowledge retention and attitude change. The aim of the study is to compare the 'traditional' lecture style method where learners are passive, with cooperative learning to determine their influence on learners’ knowledge retention and attitude towards marine conservation. Both methods can be considered effective teaching methods to increase knowledge retention and induce a positive change in environmental attitudes. However, this study suggests that the teaching method used in a particular school could influence the learning outcomes of the EE programme because of pre-existing abilities, skills the learners may have and context to which the learners are exposed. In conclusion, when offering an EE programme, for the programme to be successful one would need to determine which method of teaching is practised within schools and then ensure that the same method is used. / Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Environmental Education))

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6757.pdf: 1103934 bytes, checksum: 1e243bc6fc800e7f55079679a98ba983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-09 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Research upon attitude s formation and change using the stimulus equivalence paradigm has shown, at the same time, a potential for the formation of new classes, and a difficulty with respect to teaching new relationships when the stimuli used are familiar and socially loaded. As racial prejudice is a problem worldwide, and stimulus equivalence paradigm has proven to be useful when studying attitude s formation and change, the aim of this study was to verify, from a systematic replication, if teaching new relations to children who showed a negative racial bias towards black people could revert the pre-existing classes. The level of 54 children s bias was assessed by the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM), an instrument that measures the affective experience of individuals on pictures or events. The 22 participants who had attributed to black people s pictures lower levels of pleasure compared to white people s pictures also performed a second test aimed to confirm the bias shown. The 13 participants whose negative bias towards black people was confirmed were trained to match indirectly black people s pictures with positive attributes in a matching-to-sample task. Two experimenters, a black and a white one conducted the research with different children, to evaluate possible differences in the participants performance. The performances of these children were compared in two conditions: using simultaneous or delayed matching-to-sample, analyzing 1) How many children formed the expected equivalence classes; 2) in which of the two conditions the results were more robust; and 3) if the presence of white faces as a third comparison-stimuli in a modified equivalence test caused changes in the previous responses given by the participants who responded in accord with stimulus equivalence. Two instruments, a self-report and a implicit measure were used as complementary measures of transfer of functions, to evaluate the meaning of the stimuli. Results showed no differences between delayed and simultaneous matching-to-sample, or between the experimenters in the formation of the equivalence classes. All 13 participants who demonstrated a negative racial bias showed formation of the equivalence classes experimentally planned. Of those 13 children, nine have maintained their responses on the modified equivalence test, and the group data showed transfer of function, evidenced by SAM. Although there was a statistically significant difference between the pleasure levels of white and black faces before the class formation, post-test data revealed no statistically significant differences; this was also confirmed by the results of another instrument, called Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP). Future research should recruit a larger number of participants and systematically change variables such as the use of mixed training of trained relations and the review of baseline relations, in order to identify which of them may be responsible for the positive results of equivalence. / Pesquisas sobre formação e mudança de atitudes utilizando o paradigma de equivalência de estímulos têm mostrado, ao mesmo tempo, um potencial para a formação de novas classes, e a dificuldade com relação ao ensino de novas relações, quando os estímulos utilizados são familiares e socialmente carregados. Como o preconceito racial é um problema presente no mundo todo, e o paradigma de equivalência de estímulos tem se mostrado útil no estudo da formação e mudança de atitudes, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi verificar, a partir de uma replicação sistemática, se o ensino de novas relações de equivalência a crianças que demonstrassem ter viés negativo para faces negras reverteria as classes pré-existentes. O nível de viés racial de 54 crianças foi avaliado pela Auto-Avaliação Manikin (SAM), instrumento que mede a experiência afetiva dos indivíduos diante de imagens ou eventos. As 22 crianças que avaliaram fotos de negros com níveis de prazer inferiores aos atribuídos nas fotos de brancos realizaram um segundo teste com o intuito de confirmar o viés apresentado. Os 13 participantes cujo viés racial negativo foi confirmado foram treinados a emparelhar, de maneira indireta, fotos de negros com um símbolo positivo, a partir de tarefas de emparelhamento de acordo com o modelo. Duas experimentadoras, uma negra e outra branca conduziram a pesquisa com diferentes crianças, para avaliar possíveis diferenças no desempenho dos participantes. O desempenho dos participantes foi comparado em duas condições: com o uso de emparelhamento ao modelo simultâneo versus com atraso, analisando 1) quantas crianças formariam as classes de equivalência esperadas; 2) em qual das duas condições os resultados obtidos foram mais robustos; e 3) se a presença das faces brancas como 3º. estímulocomparação em um teste de equivalência modificado ocasionaria mudanças nas respostas prévias dadas pelos participantes que demonstraram a formação das classes de equivalência. Dois instrumentos, um de autorrelato, e outro de medidas implícitas foram utilizados como medidas complementares de transferência de função, para verificar o significado dos estímulos. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças entre o uso de emparelhamento de acordo com o modelo simultâneo ou atrasado, ou entre as duas experimentadoras na formação das classes de equivalência. Todos os 13 participantes com viés negativo para faces negras demonstraram a formação das classes de equivalência planejadas experimentalmente. Desses 13, nove mantiveram suas respostas no teste de equivalência modificado, e os dados de grupo evidenciaram transferência de função obtida pelo SAM. Apesar de haver diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de prazer das faces brancas e negras antes da formação das classes, os dados de pós-teste com o SAM revelaram não haver diferenças estatisticamente significativas, dado confirmado pelos resultados de outro instrumento, chamado Procedimento de Avaliação Relacional Implícita (IRAP). Pesquisas futuras devem recrutar um número maior de participantes, além de alternar sistematicamente variáveis como o uso de treino misto das relações treinadas e a revisão das relações de linha de base, de modo a identificar quais delas podem ser responsáveis pelos resultados positivos de equivalência.

Att blanda matrester med vanligt hushållsavfall har negativ inverkan på miljön. Men trots detta visar den senaste statistiken att enbart 25,5 % av matavfallet från svenska hushåll sorteras ut. Det verkar bland annat bero på en negativ inställning, och kan indikera ett behov av information som övertygar om vikten att sortera ut. Därför efterfrågade Eskilstuna Strängnäs Energi & Miljö ett material som motiverar boende till en ändrad attityd. Studiens syfte var att komma fram till hur information om att sortera ut matavfall kan utformas för att positivt påverka mottagarnas inställning. Arbetet utgick från teori inom retorik, budskapsstrategier och användarcentrerad design, vilket tillsammans med empirisk data blev grunden för ett gestaltningsförslag. Empirisk data samlades in genom fyra metoder: en intervju med en ämnesexpert för att rama in problemet, en retorisk textanalys för att resonera kring om befintlig information bidragit till att problemet kvarstår, en enkätundersökning för att definiera målgruppens informationsbehov, attityd och mediepreferens samt två utvärderande tester för att undersöka om gestaltningsförslaget fick avsedd inverkan. Genom detta kunde flera slutsatser dras. Bland annat att en blandad budskapsstrategi, metaforer, bilder och att tilltala läsaren som ”du” kan ha positiv inverkan på mottagarens inställning, utifrån vilka en slutgestaltning skapades. / The environment is impacted in a negative way when food waste is commingled with other waste from the household. Still, the latest statistics show that only 25,5 % of the food waste from Swedish households is sorted out. This seems to be caused by a negative attitude among other things, and can indicate a need for convincing information about the importance of sorting out. Therefor, Eskilstuna Strängnäs Energi & Miljö requested a material meant to motivate residents to change their attitude. The study’s purpose was to find out how information about sorting out food waste can be formed to make a positive impact on the receiver’s attitude. The study emanated from theories within rhetoric, message strategies and human centered design, which along with empirical data became the foundation for a design proposal. Empirical data was collected through four methods: an interview with a expert within the subject to frame the problem, a rhetorical text analysis to discuss if existing information have contributed to that the problem still remain, a questionnaire survey to define the target group’s information need, attitude and preferred medium, and two evaluative tests to examine if the design proposal had the intended impact. Through this, multiple conclusions could be drawn. For instance that a combined message strategy, metaphors, images and addressing the reader as “you” can have a positive impact on the receiver’s attitude, by which a final design was created.

Submitted by Rodrigo Dias (dsdias.rodrigo@gmail.com) on 2018-05-14T20:00:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Rodrigo Dias.pdf: 1200543 bytes, checksum: 55982ff5b80c53cb3762bce772efae63 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2018-05-18T21:03:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Rodrigo Dias.pdf: 1200543 bytes, checksum: 55982ff5b80c53cb3762bce772efae63 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T12:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Rodrigo Dias.pdf: 1200543 bytes, checksum: 55982ff5b80c53cb3762bce772efae63 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / In this paper, we examine why attitudes toward marijuana legalization are split along ideological lines. In a survey, we found that conservatives were more likely to oppose this policy partly because of their greater reliance on the authority and purity foundations of morality. Curiously, concerns about harm were found to play no role in determining attitudes toward marijuana legalization, even though those who were against this policy frequently explained their views with harm-related accounts. In an experiment, we found that opponents of legalization were more likely to adopt a more favorable view towards it when exposed to arguments and sources that were consistent with the authority and purity dimensions of morality. Precisely, subjects who initially opposed legalization were more likely to change their attitudes when exposed to arguments that were based on the purity (vs. harm) foundation of morality, and when they were led to believe that these arguments were given by religious (vs. business) leaders.

Al vínculo emocional entre empresa y trabajador se le conoce como employee engagement. Mantener un buen nivel de employee engagement resulta clave para que los empleados sean más productivos e incluso reduce el índice de rotación laboral. Sin embargo, con la fuerza laboral millennial la rotación laboral tiene un índice mucho más alto que antes, ya que, a diferencia de generaciones anteriores, ellos cambian de empleo con frecuencia. Las empresas deben invertir constantemente en contratar nuevo personal. Por eso, mantener un buen nivel de employee engagement con los empleados millennials es una prioridad. Una forma de incrementar el employee engagement es el employee communication, término que hace alusión a todos los procesos comunicacionales que suceden dentro de una empresa para comunicarse de manera efectiva con los empleados. En el presente trabajo se analiza cómo influyen las estrategias del employee communication en el employee engagement de los empleados millennials de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. La investigación presenta un paradigma naturalista con enfoque cualitativo que utilizará como herramienta entrevistas. / The emotional bond between an organization and its employees is known as employee engagement. Workers with a high level of employee engagement are known to be much more productive, and their job rotations rates are lower than those of the average employee. However, with the work force being mainly integrated by millennials, companies are having higher rotation levels than before, because, unlike past generations, millennials prefer changing jobs frequently. This represents a great loss for companies, since they must constantly invest in hiring new personnel; therefore, maintaining a good level of employee engagement with millennial employees has become a priority. One of the factors known to increase employee engagement is employee communication, a term that refers to all the communication processes that take place within a company to communicate effectively with employees. In this work, we analyze the best employee communication strategies to improve employee engagement from millennials working in the Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. The research presents a naturalistic paradigm with a qualitative approach that will use interviews as a tool. / Trabajo de investigación