Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-05T12:02:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Julia Lins Luz.pdf: 1276196 bytes, checksum: 90a4bf9cffa0df2d66d28e4e7c42b80b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T12:02:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Julia Lins Luz.pdf: 1276196 bytes, checksum: 90a4bf9cffa0df2d66d28e4e7c42b80b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Modification of the landscape for food production and other facilities for human consumption is the most common and severe threat to global biodiversity. The aims of this study were to analyze how banana plantations affect bats assemblages, to check whether the planting of bananas causes a decrease in the dispersion of seeds, to verify if the abundance of nutritional resources have some influence on bat abundance and richness in areas of banana plantation, to verify if bats move between plantations and forest fragments or if they show site fidelity to the areas. A total of 12 banana plantations in Rio de Janeiro State were sampled. Each month, from November 2008 to October 2010, two capture nights were conducted, being one night in a banana plantation area and another in an adjacent forest fragment. Bats were sampled with mist nets, totaling 142,560 m2.h of sampling effort. Bats were identified, marked, remained in cloth bags to obtain fecal samples, and released after it. The seeds obtained in fecal samples were counted and classified. The availability of food resources in banana plantation areas was estimated in five 100 m2 plots, where the number of banana trees, flowers and fruits was counted. A total of 2,369 captures and recaptures of bats of 27 species were recorded. In banana plantations 22 species were recorded (four of which were exclusive to such habitat), and in fragments 23 (with five exclusive). The capture frequency was higher in plantations than in fragments. Richness, diversity and evenness were similar between habitats. Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina and Phyllostomus hastatus were more abundant in the banana plantations. The abundance of frugivores, nectarivores and omnivores was higher in plantation areas while insectivores were more abundant in forest areas. The estimated richness for each environment suggests that forest fragments are richer than the banana plantations. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) indicated separation between banana plantations and forest fragments based on species abundance, using Braycurtis similarity. We analyzed 1,127 fecal samples from 20 species that had 33 morphotypes of seeds of 12 plant families. There was presence of banana pulp in fecal samples from 10 species. The richness and abundance of seeds dispersed in the two environments did not differ, however the abundance of seeds per fecal sample was lower in banana plantations. The abundance of Sturnira lilium was correlated negatively with the abundance of banana and fruits. The abundance of G. soricina, A. lituratus, nectarivorous and frugivorous bats showed positive relationship with the abundance of food resource. We obtained 102 recaptures of 99 individuals of 10 species. The most recaptured species were C. perspicillata, A. lituratus and P. hastatus. Twenty-eight individuals moved between environments, 68 remained in the same environment of the capture. In all analyzed cases, the proportion of individuals recaptured in the same location of capture was higher than the recapture proportion in different environments. These results reinforce the potential of bats as regenerators in habitats modified by humans, since banana plantations maintain a diverse assemblage. The ability of bats to disperse pioneer plants species and the use of different environments assure that nature services of forest regeneration are continued / A modifica??o da paisagem para a produ??o de alimentos e outras comodidades para consumo humano representa a mais severa e comum amea?a ? biodiversidade global. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar como o plantio de bananas afeta a comunidade de morcegos, analisar se o plantio de bananas diminui a dispers?o de sementes, verificar se a abund?ncia de recurso alimentar influencia a abund?ncia e a riqueza de morcegos em ?reas de planta??o de banana, verificar se os morcegos se deslocam entre ?reas de planta??es e fragmentos florestais e se mant?m fidelidade ? ?rea de captura. Foram selecionadas 12 ?reas de planta??o do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Mensalmente, entre novembro de 2008 e outubro de 2010, foram realizadas duas noites de coleta, sendo uma em ?rea de planta??o de banana e outra em um fragmento florestal adjacente. As coletas foram realizadas com redes de neblina, totalizando 142.560 m2.h de esfor?o amostral. Os morcegos foram identificados, permaneceram em sacos de pano para obten??o de amostras fecais, e soltos ap?s receberem marca??o. No laborat?rio, as sementes foram classificadas em morfotipos e contadas. A disponibilidade de recurso alimentar nas ?reas de planta??o de banana foi estimada atrav?s de cinco plots de 100 m2 , nos quais era contabilizado o n?mero de bananeiras, infrutesc?ncias e infloresc?ncias de banana. Um total de 2.369 capturas e recapturas de 27 esp?cies foi registrado. Nos bananais, foram capturadas 22 esp?cies, sendo quatro exclusivas; nos fragmentos, 23, sendo cinco exclusivas. A frequ?ncia de captura nos bananais foi maior do que nos fragmentos. A riqueza, a diversidade e a equitabilidade mostraram-se similares. As esp?cies significativamente mais abundantes nos bananais foram Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina e Phyllostomus hastatus. A abund?ncia de frug?voros, nectar?voros e on?voros foi maior em ?reas de plantio, enquanto a de inset?voros foi maior em ?reas de floresta. A riqueza estimada para cada ambiente sugere que os fragmentos florestais s?o mais ricos do que as ?reas de plantio. Uma an?lise de escalonamento multidimensional (NMDS) indicou separa??o entre os bananais e os fragmentos florestais baseado no n?mero de capturas por esp?cie, atrav?s da dist?ncia Bray-curtis. Foram analisadas 1.127 amostras fecais de 20 esp?cies, que apresentaram sementes de 33 morfotipos de 12 fam?lias de plantas. Foi poss?vel verificar a presen?a de polpa de banana em amostras fecais de 10 esp?cies. A riqueza e abund?ncia de sementes dispersadas nos dois ambientes n?o diferiram. No entanto, a abund?ncia de sementes por amostra fecal foi menor em ?reas de planta??o de banana. A abund?ncia de Sturnira lilium foi inversamente proporcional ? abund?ncia de bananeiras e infrutesc?ncias de banana. A abund?ncia de G. soricina, A. lituratus, morcegos nectar?voros e frug?voros foi diretamente proporcional ? abund?ncia de recurso alimentar. Foram obtidas 102 recapturas de 99 morcegos de 10 esp?cies. As esp?cies mais recapturadas foram C. perspicillata, A. lituratus e P. hastatus. Vinte e oito indiv?duos transitaram entre os ambientes, 68 permaneceram no mesmo ambiente da captura e tr?s foram recapturados duas vezes, uma em cada ambiente. Em todos os casos analisados, a propor??o de indiv?duos recapturados no mesmo local da captura foi maior do que a propor??o de indiv?duos recapturados em ambientes diferentes. Em ?reas de planta??o de banana, a ordem Chiroptera foi capaz de manter uma comunidade diversa, a capacidade de dispers?o de esp?cies pioneiras de plantas e a capacidade de deslocamento. Esses resultados refor?am o potencial dos morcegos como regeneradores de habitats modificados pelo homem.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-12T11:13:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Michele Rodrigues Francisco.pdf: 1285744 bytes, checksum: 598c2fe8a98038b9745debaf13625959 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T11:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Michele Rodrigues Francisco.pdf: 1285744 bytes, checksum: 598c2fe8a98038b9745debaf13625959 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Trichoderma spp. They are not pathogenic fungi and develop in substrates and diverse environmental conditions. Identification based only on morphological characteristics is considered complex, due to the genetic diversity of the species. Therefore, the taxonomy of the genus Trichoderma is performed with the aid of other analyzes such as biochemical and molecular changes. Some species are capable of producing high amounts of extracellular enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of polysaccharides are thus considered fungi with high potential in the production of hydrolytic enzymes. The aim of this study was to select and identify the species of the genus Trichoderma spp. And evaluate the production of industrial enzymes these isolates. They identified 58 isolates of Trichoderma spp fungi. soil and plants by morphological and molecular analysis and was also evaluated the enzymatic production capacity. Enzyme technology is a promising area in new technologies for synthesis of compounds with high added value, where biocatalisados industrial processes have a lower environmental impact, lower energy cost, because the enzymes are biodegradable substances and have specificity to minimize the undesirable effects. In this work, we used PDA culture medium for development of fungi. Morphological identification is achieved using the identification key according to Samuels et al. (2015) Molecular and held by DNA extraction from the mycelium of fungi in accordance with CTAB protocol. For enzyme analysis, qualitative assays were performed, used specific means of solid culture to evaluate the production of hydrolytic enzymes: Where the culture media containing as a substrate for development and enzyme production of Trichoderma spp. skimmed milk production peptidase; soluble starch for the production of amylase, cellulase production carboxymethylcellulose, citrus pectin for the production of pectinase and yeast extract, dextrose, ferrous sulfate, ammonium, magnesium, manganese and potassium chloride for the production of phytase. According to the results, the morphological analysis identified 4 species such as T. atroviride, T .asperelloide, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, these species were verified by molecular analysis. In relation to the enzyme potential, the result was negative for the activity of peptidase enzymes, cellulase and pectinase and positive for amylase, and the activity of the enzyme phytase, only an isolated was positive, this was identified according to morphological analysis as It is the species T. longibrachiatum / Os Trichoderma spp. n?o s?o fungos patog?nicos e se desenvolvem em diversificados substratos e condi??es ambientais. Sua identifica??o baseada apenas em caracter?sticas morfol?gicas ? considerada complexa, por conta da diversidade gen?tica das esp?cies. Portanto, a taxonomia do g?nero Trichoderma ? realizada com o aux?lio de outras an?lises, tais como bioqu?micas e moleculares. Algumas esp?cies s?o capazes de produzir elevadas quantidades de enzimas extracelulares envolvidas na hidr?lise de polissacar?deos, sendo assim considerados fungos com alto potencial na produ??o de enzimas hidrol?ticas. O objetivo deste estudo foi selecionar e identificar as esp?cies do g?nero Trichoderma spp. e avaliar a produ??o de enzimas industriais destes isolados. Foram identificados 58 isolados de fungos Trichoderma spp. de solo e plantas por an?lise morfol?gica, molecular e tamb?m foi avaliado a capacidade de produ??o enzim?tica. A Tecnologia enzim?tica ? uma ?rea promissora dentro das novas tecnologias para s?ntese de compostos que possuem alto valor agregado, onde os processos industriais biocatalisados apresentam menor impacto ambiental, menor custo de energia, pois as enzimas s?o subst?ncias biodegrad?veis e possuem especificidade que minimizam os efeitos indesej?veis. Neste trabalho, foi utilizado meio de cultura BDA para desenvolvimento dos fungos. A identifica??o morfol?gica foi realizada com aux?lio da chave de identifica??o de acordo com Samuels et al. (2015) e molecular, realizada atrav?s da extra??o de DNA do mic?lio dos fungos, de acordo com protocolo CTAB. Para as an?lises enzim?ticas, foram realizados ensaios qualitativos, utilizado meio de cultura s?lido espec?fico para avaliar a produ??o de enzimas hidrol?ticas: Onde os meios de cultura continham como substrato para desenvolvimento e produ??o enzim?tica dos isolados de Trichoderma spp. leite desnatado para produ??o de peptidase; amido sol?vel para produ??o de amilase, carboximetilcelulose para produ??o de celulase, pectina c?trica para produ??o de pectinases e extrato de levedura, dextrose, sulfato ferroso, am?nio, magn?sio, mangan?s e cloreto pot?ssio para produ??o de fitase. De acordo com os resultados, a an?lise morfol?gica identificou 4 esp?cies, tais como: T. atroviride, T. asperelloide, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, estas esp?cies foram confirmadas por an?lise molecular. J? com rela??o ao potencial enzim?tico, o resultado foi negativo para a atividade das enzimas peptidase, celulase e pectinase e positivo para amilase, e para a atividade da enzima fitase, somente um isolado apresentou resultado positivo, este foi identificado de acordo com an?lise morfol?gica como sendo da esp?cie T. longibrachiatum

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-12T13:51:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rodrigo Luiz Neves Barros.pdf: 1569971 bytes, checksum: bebc280a379491b5d376031d5427175e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:51:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rodrigo Luiz Neves Barros.pdf: 1569971 bytes, checksum: bebc280a379491b5d376031d5427175e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The average productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Brazil is one of the lowest in the world. Alternatives that can increase yield in a sustainable manner should be preconized, such as reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers through the adoption of biological nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of rhizobia inoculation and sowing nitrogen fertilization on growth and common bean yield (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Four experiments were conducted in the field, at the Experimental Station of the Department of Crop Science at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, Brazil. So that each experiment was repeated twice in the same growing season. The experiments were conducted in the dry season and rainy the years 2013 and 2014, In a soil classified as Kanhapudalf. For both experiments, we used the common bean cultivar Carioca, indeterminate growth and high yield potential. In the first year of cultivation in the dry season and rainy the experiments were composed of three treatments: only fertilized with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (A); only inoculated with Rhizobium at sowing and fertilized with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (I+N); and inoculated and fertilized with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing and with 40 kg N ha-1 at 25 DAE (IA); and an additional treatment only inoculated with Rhizobium with no N fertilization at any phase (I-N), only evaluated in the second year of both growing seasons. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, with four replications in both years. Each plot consisted of 6 rows of 5 m spaced 0,5 m apart. At pollination, it was evaluated the number of nodules (NN), nodules dry weight (MSN), shoot dry weight (MSPA) and root dry weight (MSR). However, was observed the highest NN and MSN in treatments without nitrogen fertilization at sowing in both years. Also, it was determinate the leaf soluble proteins content (TPSF) in four developmental stages vegetative, pollination, flowering and grain filling), with higher values for the TPSF in the treatment IA flowering stage. Moreover, for the growth analysis, three plants were collected on the second line of each side of the plot, weekly from 14 DAE until physiological maturation. At physiological maturation all the plants of the two central rows were collected from each plot to evaluate the crop yield components: number of pods per plant (NV), number of grains per pod (NGV), 100 grain matter (MS100G) and grain yield (PG). As for the production of components, there was a significant difference only for PG, with IA producing the highest PG in both years. Therefore, based on these results, it can be concluded that the inoculation with Rhizobium may replace the nitrogen fertilization (20 kg ha-1) at planting without yield loss, however, the nitrogen fertilization (20 kg ha-1) combined with inoculation with Rhizobium at sowing partly inhibit the root nodulation of the common bean plants and increased its total dry weight and grain yield, in both season. However, more studies are needed to recommend these agronomic practices / A produtividade m?dia de feij?o comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) no Brasil ? uma das mais baixas do mundo. Alternativas que possam aumentar a produtividade de forma sustent?vel devem ser preconizadas, tais como a redu??o do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados pela ado??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influ?ncia da inocula??o de riz?bios e, ou da aduba??o nitrogenada de semeadura no crescimento e produtividade do feijoeiro comum. Foram instalados quatro experimentos no campo experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, Brasil, de modo que cada experimento fosse repetido duas vezes na mesma ?poca de cultivo. Os experimentos foram instalados nas ?pocas da seca e das ?guas dos anos de 2013 e 2014, em um solo classificado como Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo. Para ambos os experimentos, foi utilizado o cultivar de feijoeiro comum Carioca, de crescimento indeterminado e alto potencial produtivo. No primeiro ano de cultivo das ?pocas da seca e das ?guas os experimentos foram compostos por tr?s tratamentos: apenas adubado com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura e 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 dias ap?s a emerg?ncia (DAE) (A), inoculado com Rhizobium e adubado com 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 DAE (I+N), inoculado com Rhizobium e adubado com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura e 40 kg N ha-1 aos 25 DAE (IA) e um tratamento adicional somente inoculado com Rhizobium sem aduba??o nitrogenada em nenhum est?dio (I-N), apenas avaliado no segundo ano de ambas as ?pocas de cultivo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repeti??es em ambos os anos. Cada parcela foi constitu?da por 6 linhas de 5 m, espa?adas de 0,5 m de dist?ncia. No est?dio de poliniza??o, avaliou-se o n?mero de n?dulos (NN), massa seca de n?dulos (MSN), massa seca de parte a?rea (MSPA) e massa seca raiz (MSR), sendo observado o maior NN e MSN nos tratamentos que n?o receberam aduba??o nitrogenada na semeadura em ambos os anos. Tamb?m foram realizadas coletas de tecido foliar para determina??o do teor de prote?nas sol?veis (TPSF) em quatro est?dios de desenvolvimento (vegetativo, poliniza??o, florescimento pleno e enchimento de gr?os), com valores mais elevados para o TPSF no tratamento IA no est?dio de florescimento. Al?m disso, para an?lise de crescimento, foram coletadas tr?s plantas por parcela, semanalmente dos 14 DAE at? a matura??o fisiol?gica. Na matura??o fisiol?gica foram coletadas todas as plantas das duas linhas centrais de cada parcela, desprezando-se o meio metro final de cada extremidade, para avaliar os componentes de produ??o: n?mero de vagens por planta (NV), n?mero de gr?os por vagem (NGV), massa seca de 100 gr?os (MS100G) e produtividade de gr?os (PG). Quanto aos componentes de produ??o, ocorreu diferen?a significativa apenas para PG, com o tratamento IA apresentando rendimentos mais elevados em ambos os anos. Portanto, segundo os resultados obtidos, a inocula??o de riz?bios pode substituir a aduba??o nitrogenada com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura sem perda de produtividade. Al?m disso, a inocula??o com riz?bios, acrescida da aduba??o com 20 kg N ha-1 na semeadura, inibiu parcialmente a nodula??o e propiciou acr?scimo de produtividade em ambas as ?pocas. No entanto, mais estudos s?o necess?rios para recomenda??o dessas pr?ticas agron?micas.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-19T13:49:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Claudia Bezerra da Silva.pdf: 8032175 bytes, checksum: ef71dd2a0e7801e9000e116c822a3a00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-19T13:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Claudia Bezerra da Silva.pdf: 8032175 bytes, checksum: ef71dd2a0e7801e9000e116c822a3a00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / and investigate the circulation of this agent in dogs in the Itaguai microregion, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and dogs and ticks in two provinces of the island of Cuba, analyzing epidemiological aspects associated with infections caused by this bacterium in dogs. A new real-time polymerase chain reaction method (qPCR) was patterned to target the citrate synthase gene (gltA) for the identification of A. platys in naturally infected dogs. The primers and probe were designed to amplify a fragment of 84 base pairs based on gltA gene sequences of A. platys available in GenBank. 186 blood samples of dogs from Itaguai microregion, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were tested by qPCR. The same samples were tested by cytology and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR, 16S rDNA) to determine the performance of qPCR front of these techniques. 17.20% of the samples tested positive by qPCR were significantly more than that detected by nPCR (13.98%). The qPCR technique was more specific than cytology, due to false-positive results obtained by optical microscopy. The prevalence of A. platys in dogs from Itaguai microregion was 14.4%. Dogs less than six months, infested by ticks, that spend the most of the time restrict to domestic environment and without shelter are factors associated with infection by this hemoparasite in dogs in the study area. During research, A. platys held in Cuba, 100 blood samples were collected from residents dogs in four cities located in the provinces of Havana and Mayabeque. When inspecting the animals, found ticks were collected, identified and carefully grouped, forming a total of 49 pools. DNA extracted from blood samples from dogs and ticks were subjected nPCR (16S rDNA). Positive samples in nPCR were also subjected to conventional PCR (gltA gene), and the products were sequenced. Only the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was found in Cuban dogs and 10.2% (n=5/49) of these ticks added to 16.0% (n=16/100) dogs were considered positive for A. platys. All sequences analyzed of the gltA and 16S rDNA genes, respectively, showed a 99-100% identity with sequences from A. platys reported in other countries. Phylogenetic analysis showed two clusters defined for the 16S rDNA gene and three clusters defined for the gltA gene. Based on the gltA gene, the deduced amino acid sequence showed two points of non-synonymous mutations at positions 88 and 168 compared to the reference sequence DQ525687. A preliminary study on the epidemiological aspects associated with infection with A. platys showed no statistical association with the variables studied (p> 0.05). This study also to report the first evidence of A. platys in both dogs and ticks in Cuba also presents for the first time the development of a new qPCR method that contributes to the advancement of research involving A. platys. The epidemiological study in Brazil allowed us to identify significant factors in the occurrence of canine anaplasmosis, while in Cuba, it can be concluded that more research is needed to assess what the deciding factors in the transmission and spread of A. platys in that country. / platys, e investigar a circula??o deste agente em c?es na microrregi?o de Itagua?, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e c?es e carrapatos em duas prov?ncias da ilha de Cuba, analisando aspectos epidemiol?gicos associados ? infec??o causada por esta bact?ria em c?es. Um novo m?todo de rea??o em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) foi padronizado com alvo no gene citrato sintase (gltA) para a identifica??o de A. platys em c?es naturalmente infectados. Os oligoiniciadores e a sonda foram desenhados para amplificar um fragmento de 84 pares de base baseado em sequ?ncias do gene gltA de A. platys dispon?veis no GenBank. 186 amostras de sangue de c?es da microrregi?o de Itagua?, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram testados pela qPCR. As mesmas amostras foram testadas pela citologia e rea??o em cadeia da polimerase nested (nPCR, 16S rDNA) para determinar o desempenho da qPCR frente ? essas t?cnicas. 17,20% das amostras testadas pela qPCR foram positivas, significativamente mais do que detectado pela nPCR (13,98%). A t?cnica de qPCR foi mais espec?fica que a citologia, em virtude dos resultados falsopositivos obtidos pela microscopia ?ptica. A preval?ncia de A. platys em c?es da microrregi?o de Itagua? foi de 14,4%. C?es com menos de seis meses, infestados por carrapatos, que possam maior tempo restrito ao ambiente dom?stico e sem abrigo s?o fatores associados a infec??o por este hemoparasito em c?es na regi?o do estudo. Durante investiga??o de A. platys realizada em Cuba, 100 amostras de sangue foram coletadas de c?es residentes em quatro cidades localizadas nas prov?ncias de Habana e Mayabeque. Ao inspecionar os animais, carrapatos encontrados foram coletados, identificados e criteriosamente agrupados, formando um total de 49 pools. Amostras de DNA extra?das do sangue dos c?es e de carrapatos foram submetidas a nPCR (16S rDNA). Amostras positivas na nPCR foram tamb?m submetidas a PCR convencional (gene gltA), e os produtos foram sequenciados. Somente a esp?cie Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato foi encontrada em c?es cubanos, e 10,2% (n=5/49) desses carrapatos somado aos 16,0% (n=16/100) de c?es foram considerados positivos para A. platys. Todas as sequ?ncias analisadas dos genes gltA e 16S rDNA, respectivamente, mostraram uma identidade de 99-100% com sequ?ncias de A. platys reportadas em outros pa?ses. A an?lise filogen?tica mostrou dois clusters definidos para o gene 16S rDNA e tr?s clusters definidos para o gene gltA. Com base no gene gltA, a sequ?ncia de amino?cidos deduzidos demonstrou dois pontos de muta??es n?o-sin?nimas nas posi??es 88 e 168 comparados com sequ?ncia de refer?ncia DQ525687. Um estudo preliminar sobre os aspectos epidemiol?gicos associados com a infec??o por A. platys demonstrou nenhuma associa??o estat?stica com as vari?veis avaliadas (p > 0,05). O presente estudo al?m de relatar a primeira evid?ncia de A. platys em ambos c?es e carrapatos em Cuba, tamb?m apresenta pela primeira vez o desenvolvimento de um novo m?todo de qPCR que contribui para o avan?o da pesquisa envolvendo A. platys. O estudo epidemiol?gico realizado no Brasil permitiu identificar fatores importantes na ocorr?ncia da anaplasmose canina, enquanto em Cuba, pode-se concluir que mais investiga??es s?o necess?rias para avaliar quais os fatores decisivos na transmiss?o e dispers?o de A. platys nesse pa?s.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-26T14:34:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernando de Azevedo da Cruz Seara.pdf: 1716878 bytes, checksum: 6a6ea74b23b441a8aafb15e937dea036 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-26T14:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Fernando de Azevedo da Cruz Seara.pdf: 1716878 bytes, checksum: 6a6ea74b23b441a8aafb15e937dea036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / According to World Health Organization, ischemia heart diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Among therapeutic approaches, reperfusion is the most effective and indicated is reperfusion. Despite the better post-infarction prognostic, absolute improvement on cardiac function is hardly achieved due to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Within this context, anabolic steroids (AS) administration, in adult Wistar rats, significantly increase IRI susceptibility. Moreover, chronic administration of AS, during adolescent phase, induces persistent cardiovascular dysfunctions along adulthood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of chronic administration of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone propionate, during adolescent phase, in the susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury, in adult Wistar rats. To perform it, 24 Wistar rats were allocated into two groups, AS (Testosterone propionate 5 mg kg-1, since 26? day postnatal, 5 days per week, during 5 weeks) and Control (Vehicle). In the 82? postnatal, rats were euthanized and hearts, livers, lungs, kidneys and testicles were collected. Isolated hearts were artificially perfused with modified Krebs-Henseleit solution, through Langendorff apparatus, and, then, submitted to ex vivo ischemia ? reperfusion protocol (20 minutes of stabilization, 30 minutes of global ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion). The left ventricle (LV) end diastolic- LVEDP), systolic- (LVSP) and developed pressures (LVDP), as well as first derivatives of pressure, maximum and minimum (dP/dt, maximum and minimum, respectively) were measured through an intraventricular latex balloon, connected to a pressure transducer. Through the electrocardiogram, susceptibility to arrhythmic episodes was analyzed. At the end of the protocol, area of infarct was delimited and gene expression of ? and ? myosin heavy chains and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as well as the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (Nox) enzymes, were calculated. In comparison to Control group, hearts from AS group presented: Hypertrophy, due to an increase in cardiac mass (33%, P<0,001) and index (37%, P<0,001); Significantly increase in the area of infarct (54,76%, P<0,05); Worst recovery of both LVEDP and LVDP, along reperfusion; Less recovery of maximum dP/dt, during reperfusion, despite the equivalent LVSP; Reduced basal minimum dP/dt and, subsequently, reduction in the recovery of the aforementioned parameter, regarding reperfusion period; Enhanced gene expression of MHC? (%), consistent with the loss of mechanical performance; Increased incidence of arrhythmic episodes in the reperfusion period (100%, P<0,01). No statistical difference could be seen in regard to the Nox activity. For the first time, we demonstrated that AS treatment during adolescent phase promotes cardiac hypertrophy and gene reprogramming, both persistent during adulthood, besides an increase susceptibility to IRI, through in the larger area of infarct and poor recovery of cardiac electrical and mechanical proprieties, in isolated hearts of adult Wistar rats / De acordo com a OMS, as doen?as isqu?micas do cora??o consistem na maior causa mortis global. Dentre as abordagens terap?uticas, a mais eficaz ? a reperfus?o. A despeito da melhora no progn?stico p?s-infarto, a recupera??o plena da fun??o card?aca dificilmente ? alcan?ada, devido a inj?ria de isquemia/reperfus?o (IIR). Neste contexto, a administra??o de EA em ratos Wistar adultos enaltece a susceptibilidade ? IIR. Ademais, a administra??o de EA em ratos Wistar, ao longo da adolesc?ncia, favorece o desenvolvimento de disfun??es cardiovasculares persistentes durante a fase adulta. Desta forma, objetivou-se, com o presente estudo, analisar os efeitos da sobrecarga cr?nica de propionato de testosterona, ao longo da fase adolescente, na susceptibilidade ? IIR, em ratos Wistar adultos. Para tanto, foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos, divididos em dois grupos: EA (Propionato de testosterona 5 mg kg-1, a partir do 26? dia p?s-natal, 5 vezes por semana/ 5 semanas) e CTL (ve?culo). No 82? dia p?s-natal, os ratos foram submetidos ? eutan?sia para a coleta ?rg?os. Os cora??es isolados foram submetidos ? perfus?o artificial em aparato de Langendorff, e, assim, ao protocolo de isquemia/reperfus?o. As press?es diast?lica final (PDF), sist?lica (PS) e desenvolvida (PD), do ventr?culo esquerdo (VE), e as primeiras derivadas de press?o do VE, m?xima e m?nima (dP/dt m?xima e m?nima, respectivamente), foram mensuradas atrav?s de um bal?o de l?tex intraventricular, conectado a um transdutor de press?o. Atrav?s do eletrocardiograma, foi analisada a susceptibilidade aos epis?dios arr?tmicos. Ao final do protocolo, as ?reas de infarto foram demarcadas e a express?o g?nica das cadeias pesadas de miosina e gliceralde?do-3-fosfato desidrogenase, assim como a atividade enzimas da fam?lia de niconinam?da adenina dinucleot?deo fosfato oxidase (Nox), no ventr?culo esquerdo, foram avaliadas. Em rela??o ao grupo Controle, os cora??es dos animais tratados com EA apresentaram: Hipertrofia, atrav?s do aumento na massa (aumento de 33%, P<0,001) e do ?ndice card?aco (aumento de 37%, P<0,001); aumento significativo da ?rea de infarto (aumento de 54,76%, P<0,05); T?nue recupera??o da PDFVE, assim como da PDVE, durante a reperfus?o; Inferior recupera??o da dP/dt m?xima, ao longo da reperfus?o, a despeito da equivalente recupera??o na PSVE; Reduzida dP/dt m?nima basal e, subsequentemente, redu??o na recupera??o deste par?metro, ao longo da reperfus?o; Aumento significativo da express?o g?nica da MHC? (P<0,01), condizente o preju?zo no desempenho mec?nico; Maior incid?ncia de epis?dios arr?tmicos, ao longo da reperfus?o (aumento de 100%, P<0,01). N?o houve diferen?a em rela??o ?s atividades das Nox. Pela primeira vez, foi demonstrado que a administra??o de EA, ao longo da adolesc?ncia, provoca hipertrofia e reprograma??o g?nica card?aca, persistente durante a fase adulta, al?m de aumentar, significativamente, a susceptibilidade ? IIR, por meio do aumento na ?rea de infarto e piora na recupera??o das propriedades mec?nicas e el?tricas card?acas, em cora??es isolados de ratos Wistar adultos.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-06-13T18:48:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Roberta Barra Pimentel L?.pdf: 5557721 bytes, checksum: 0a83e0d9ad9907f3e3e7ea242283b4b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T18:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Roberta Barra Pimentel L?.pdf: 5557721 bytes, checksum: 0a83e0d9ad9907f3e3e7ea242283b4b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / This work is an integral part of the research carried out under the Postgraduate Program in Science and Mathematics Education (PPGEduCIMAT) of UFRRJ and it aims to understand the elements that underpinned the emergence, viability and maintenance of the degree course in Science (CEDERJ) in the period from 2002 to 2015. In this sense, the understanding of the legal aspects and the speeches held in the academic community was central to the reflection regarding the appearance of this course in the year of 2002, indicating other possibilities for teacher education in Biological Sciences. In addition, placing EaD as a public politic and immersing in this field of analysis, the curriculum, led us to understand the asymmetric disputes of power, the disputes represented not only in the constitution of a teacher training course, but also in the field that it constitutes and legitimizes it. A qualitative research based on the curricula social historical studies - educational politics and historiography, specifically ?New History?. Written documents (matrices, curriculum syllabus, pedagogical projects, among others), and oral interviews (with different actors of the Biology Course of the CEDERJ consortium) were analyzed and were identified the elements that supported the emergence, the viability and the maintenance of the course. I was done based on the continuous dialogue between its decision-makers and articulators to build a curriculum proposal of a consortium profile, they were mobilized by the different universities that composed the CEDERJ consortium. During this study, conceptual maps were constructed. The reasoning for its use were supported in the characterization of MC as a methodology that helps in the understanding of a curricular proposal based on a consortium system, supported by articulated universities. In this way, the MC allowed the understanding of this articulation as a new way of perceiving the asymmetric relations of power. Thus, its contribution allowed this research to transit through a mesoanalytical scale in the construction of this work. In this research, one of the elements that underpinned this EaD project for teacher training was its social political context marked by partnerships and political leaderships, as well as the participation of people who occupied strategic positions, for moving now in the academic environment of the consortium universities, now in the political space of influences and decisions. This fact was important in a moment that the project of EaD did not echo in the speeches of the academics of the state of Rio de Janeiro. With respect to the curriculum proposal for the course in question it was identified that curricular changes between the generating matrix and its resulting matrix in the year of 2013, which extended the performance of the egress of the course, previously a teaching graduate, as of the resolution of the Federal Council of Biology. Now, the graduate can act in the area of Environment - thus changing the profile of the egress. It is worth highlighting of the students, the protagonists who pressed the institution for such a change. Thus, although the discourse of the articulators of the course tries to be away from the baccalaureate, avoiding to relate it to the disputes between teacher training and baccalaureate, the pressure of the graduates and the change of the profile of this approach the course of these debates. / Este trabalho ? parte integrante da pesquisa realizada no ?mbito do programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o em Ci?ncias e Matem?tica (PPGEduCIMAT) da UFRRJ e tem como objetivo compreender os elementos que sustentaram o surgimento, a viabilidade e a manuten??o do curso de Licenciatura em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas do Centro de Educa??o Superior a Dist?ncia do Rio de Janeiro (CEDERJ) no per?odo de 2002 a 2015. Neste sentido, a compreens?o dos aspectos legais e os discursos travados na comunidade acad?mica foi central na reflex?o a respeito do surgimento deste curso no ano de 2002, indicando possibilidades outras para a forma??o docente em Ci?ncias Biol?gicas. Al?m disso, situar a EaD como pol?tica p?blica curricular e mergulhar neste campo de an?lise, o curr?culo, levou-nos a compreender as disputas assim?tricas de poder, as disputas representadas n?o s? na constitui??o de um curso de forma??o de professores, como no campo que o constitui e o legitima. Deste modo, a pesquisa de cunho qualitativo, orientada a partir dos referenciais dos estudos s?cios-hist?ricos do curr?culo, das pol?ticas educacionais e curriculares, e da historiografia, especificamente da Nova Hist?ria, analisou documentos escritos (matrizes, ementas curriculares, projetos pedag?gicos, entre outros) e entrevistas (com diferentes atores do curso de Biologia do cons?rcio CEDERJ), e identificou que os elementos que sustentaram o surgimento, a viabilidade e a manuten??o do curso, se deram a partir do di?logo cont?nuo entre seus decisores e articuladores para constru??o de uma proposta curricular de perfil consorciado, isto ?, mobilizada pelas diferentes universidades que comp?em o cons?rcio CEDERJ. Durante este estudo, foram constru?dos mapas conceituais (MC). A argumenta??o para sua utiliza??o foi sustentada na caracteriza??o dos MC como metodologia que ajuda na compreens?o de uma proposta curricular alicer?ada por um sistema consorciado, sustentado por universidades articuladas. Deste modo, o MC permitiu a compreens?o dessa articula??o como uma nova maneira de perceber as rela??es assim?tricas de poder. Sendo assim, sua contribui??o permitiu esta pesquisa transitar atrav?s de uma escala mesoanal?tica na constru??o deste trabalho. Nessa pesquisa um dos elementos que sustentou esse projeto de EaD para forma??o de professores, foi seu contexto pol?tico social marcado por parcerias e lideran?as pol?ticas, bem como a participa??o de pessoas que ocupavam posi??es estrat?gicas, por transitarem ora no ambiente acad?mico das universidades consorciadas, ora no espa?o pol?tico de influ?ncias e decis?es. Este fato foi importante em um momento que o projeto de EaD n?o apresentava eco nos discursos dos acad?micos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Com rela??o ? proposta curricular do curso em quest?o, foi identificada altera??es curriculares entre a matriz inicial (2002) e sua matriz de 2013, que ampliou a atua??o do egresso do curso ?a partir da resolu??o do Conselho Federal de Biologia, agora o diplomado, pode atuar na ?rea de Meio Ambiente, al?m de atuar como docente ? modificando assim o perfil do egresso. Cabe destacar os discentes, os protagonistas que pressionaram a institui??o para tal mudan?a. Deste modo, apesar do discurso dos articuladores do curso procurar estar afastado do bacharelado, evitando estar relacionado com as disputas entre licenciatura e bacharelado, a press?o dos egressos e a mudan?a do perfil destes aproximam o curso destes debates.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-21T13:55:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Joaquim Neto de Sousa Santos.pdf: 1864983 bytes, checksum: e70ed9f5ee68c8f365819e496dbb0176 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T13:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Joaquim Neto de Sousa Santos.pdf: 1864983 bytes, checksum: e70ed9f5ee68c8f365819e496dbb0176 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / Morphodynamism, extratification and seasonality are among the main factor to influence the composition and abundance of the macroinfauna in sandy beaches. The macroinfauna of two sandy beaches were sampled between winter-2005 and summer-2006 during low tide; one beach was protected (Flamengo beach) located in Guanabara bay, and the other was exposed to waves in the oceanic zone (Grumari beach). The hypothesis that the physical characteristics of the beaches determine the difference in composition and relative abundance of the macroinfauna was tested. Flamengo beach was characterized as dissipative and had comparatively higher t?xon richenes and lower biomass, when compared with Grumari beach that was classsified as reflective. In Flamengo beaches, higher abundance was recordded for Enoploides sp, and Emerita brasiliensis, whereas in Grumari beach Sacocirrus sp and E. brasiliensis were the most abundant taxons. The beaches showed highe dissimilarity in composition and relative abundance of the taxons (91.75%). Sacocirrus sp, Enoploides sp, Dispio uncinata, Scolelepis goodbobyi and E. brasiliensis explained 63.70% of the dissimilarity between the two beaches. In both beaches, we observed extratification in occurence and abundance of the macroinfauna in two seasons. Emerita brasiliensis occurred mainly in Grumary beach in the extrate 1 and Sacocirrus sp in extrate 2, while in Flamengo beach E. brasiliensis and Enoploides sp had the highest abundance in extrate 1 and S. goodbody and D. uncinata in extrate 3. The hypothesis that the macrofauna differs among extrate and beaches was accepted and the differences in composition and relative abundance of the macroinfauna were attributed to morphodynamism, althought other environmental factores can be influencing such differences. / O morfodinamismo, estratifica??o e a sazonalidade s?o os fatores mais importantes na determina??o da composi??o e abund?ncia da macroinfauna em praias arenosas. A macroinfauna de duas praias foi amostrada no inverno/2005 e ver?o/2006 durante a mar? baixa, sendo uma praia protegida (Flamengo) localizada na ba?a de Guanabara, e outra praia exposta localizada na zona oce?nica (Grumari). Foi testada a hip?tese que as caracter?sticas f?sicas das praias determinam diferen?as na composi??o e abund?ncia da macroinfauna. A praia do Flamengo foi caracterizada como dissipativa e apresentou maior riqueza de t?xons, e menor biomassa, quando comparada com a praia de Grumari classificada como refletiva. Na praia do Flamengo as maiores abund?ncias foram registradas para Enoploides sp, e Emerita brasiliensis, enquanto em Grumari foram Sacocirrus sp e E. brasiliensis. As praias apresentaram elevada dissimilaridade na composi??o e abund?ncia relativa dos t?xons (91.75%), Sacocirrus sp, Enoploides sp, Dispio uncinata, Scolelepis goodbobyi e E. brasiliensis explicaram 63.70% das diferen?as entre as praias. Em ambas as praias foram observadas estratifica??es na ocorr?ncia e abund?ncia da macroinfauna nas duas esta??es analisadas. Na praia de Grumari, E. brasiliensis ocorreu principalmente no estrato 1 e Sacocirrus sp no estrato 2, enquanto na praia do Flamengo E. brasiliensis e Enoploides sp apresentaram as maiores abund?ncias no estrato 1 e S. goodbodyi e D. uncinata no estrato 3. A hip?tese da varia??o na composi??o da macroinfauna entre os extratos foi aceita, e as diferen?as observadas na composi??o e abund?ncia da macroinfauna foram atribu?das ao morfodinamismo; no entanto, outros fatores ambientais podem estar relacionados com tais diferen?as.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-19T12:12:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafael Sanches Pacheco.pdf: 669093 bytes, checksum: 3ca2e98e7a5ac781dba791f2e1bfda70 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T12:12:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Rafael Sanches Pacheco.pdf: 669093 bytes, checksum: 3ca2e98e7a5ac781dba791f2e1bfda70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-10 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / Nutrient concentration in the seeds can affect the initial development, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and yield of plants. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been considered as a species with low capacity of BNF as compared to other grain legumes, but results demonstrate the potential of BNF to supply the N demand of the crop and to achieve adequate yields. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed concentrations of Mo and P on biomass production, nodulation and grain yield of common bean at different sources of N supply. The field experiment was conducted between April and July 2009, in the Santa Monica Farm of Embrapa Gado de Leite in the municipality of Valen?a ? Rio de Janeiro State. The experimental design was a split-plot 4x4 factorial randomized block with 5 replicates. The main plots consisted of four N sources: control without N, mineral N fertilization with 20 kg N ha-1 at sowing + 40 kg N ha-1 in cover, inoculation with the commercial strain of rhizobia, rhizobia inoculation + 40 kg N ha-1 in cover. The subplots consisted of four combinations between concentrations of P and Mo in the seeds (low P low Mo, low P high Mo, Mo high P low, high-P high-Mo). The seeds of cultivar Carioca were originating from a field experiment when 5 kg P ha-1 and 120 g Mo ha-1 were foliar sprayed at 52 and 71 days after emergence (DAE). In each subplot, plant biomass were sampled at 30, 42 and 57 DAE, and root, shoot and nodules dry mass, the number of nodules and the accumulation of N in the shoot were determined. Grains were harvested at 90 DAE, and grain yield, yield components, N and Mo concentratios in the grains were measured. Interactions between the N sources and the concentrations of P and Mo in the seeds were not significant in the three sampling times, except for shoot dry mass and number of nodules at 57 DAE. Seeds with low P and high Mo increased shoot dry matter and grain yield of beans. Mineral N fertilizer increased root mass in the early growth stages. The rhizobia inoculation increased bean nodulation. There was a small effect of the seeds with high P concentration in the accumulation of N and mass of shoots at 57 DAE. Mineral N fertilizer increased N accumulation in the shoots at 57 DAE. The inoculation + 40 kg N ha-1 in cover gave similar grain yield and N accumulation as the application of 60 kg N ha-1, both treatments superior to the control. The use of seeds enriched with P and Mo, associated with the inoculation of seeds and the application of N in cover, could maximize the process of biological nitrogen fixation in the common bean crop. / A concentra??o de nutrientes nas sementes pode afetar o desenvolvimento inicial, a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio (FBN) e a produ??o de gr?os das plantas por elas geradas. O feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) tem sido considerado uma esp?cie de baixa capacidade de FBN em compara??o com outras leguminosas de gr?o, mas resultados demonstram o potencial da FBN em suprir a demanda de N do feijoeiro e obter boas produtividades. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos teores de P e Mo em sementes na produ??o de biomassa, nodula??o e no rendimento de gr?os de feijoeiro sob diferentes fontes de fornecimento de N. O experimento foi conduzido em condi??es de campo entre abril e julho de 2009, na Fazenda Santa M?nica da Embrapa Gado de Leite, no munic?pio de Valen?a ? RJ, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso em fatorial 4x4 com 5 repeti??es em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro fontes de N: testemunha absoluta sem N; aduba??o com N mineral com 20 kg N ha-1 no plantio + 40 kg N ha-1 em cobertura; inocula??o com a estirpe comercial de riz?bio recomendada para a cultura; inocula??o com estirpe comercial + 40 kg N ha-1 em cobertura. As subparcelas foram compostas por quatro combina??es entre teores de P e de Mo na semente (baixo P baixo Mo, baixo P alto Mo, alto P baixo Mo, alto P alto Mo). As sementes da cultivar Carioca utilizadas foram oriundas de um experimento de campo onde foram efetuadas aplica??es foliares com 5 kg P ha-1 e 120 g Mo ha-1 aos 52 e 71 dias ap?s emerg?ncia (DAE). Em cada subparcela foram efetuadas tr?s amostragens de biomassa, aos 30, 42 e 57 DAE, determinando-se a massa seca de raiz, parte a?rea e n?dulos, o n?mero de n?dulos e a acumula??o de N na parte a?rea. A colheita de gr?os foi efetuada aos 90 DAE, determinando-se o rendimento de gr?os, os componentes de produ??o e o teor de N e de Mo nos gr?os. As intera??es entre as fontes de N e os teores de P e Mo das sementes, nas tr?s ?pocas de coleta, n?o foram significativas, exceto para massa seca de parte a?rea e n?mero de n?dulos aos 57 DAE. As sementes com baixo P e alto Mo foram as que promoveram maior massa de parte a?rea e tamb?m a maior produ??o de gr?os de feij?o. A aduba??o com N mineral promoveu maior massa radicular nos est?gios iniciais de crescimento. A inocula??o das sementes com riz?bio aumentou a nodula??o do feijoeiro. Houve um pequeno efeito dos altos teores de P nas sementes na acumula??o de N e de biomassa da parte a?rea aos 57 DAE. A aplica??o de N mineral promoveu maior ac?mulo da N na parte a?rea aos 57 DAE. A inocula??o combinada com 40 kg N ha-1 em cobertura forneceu rendimento de gr?os e acumula??o de N nos gr?os similar ? aplica??o de 60 kg N ha-1, por sua vez superiores ? testemunha. O uso de sementes enriquecidas com P e Mo, associada com a inocula??o de sementes e a aplica??o de N em cobertura, podem maximizar o processo de fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio na cultura do feijoeiro.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-24T15:13:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Enely Maris da Silveira Firmiano.pdf: 12307016 bytes, checksum: d58bee7e5ddc0113fa072ab4e9aabc29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T15:13:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Enely Maris da Silveira Firmiano.pdf: 12307016 bytes, checksum: d58bee7e5ddc0113fa072ab4e9aabc29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Cap. I The aim of the current study is to investigate the histological and histochemical description, as well as the presence and immunohistochemical distribution of cytoskeleton proteins such as alpha smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin in the ovaries, testes and epididymis of Enyalius bilineatus, Enyalius perditus and Urostrophus vautieri. These species are representatives of family Leiosauridae, in order to help developing a database on the reproductive biology of these lizards, which could be compared to that of other reptile species and vertebrates. The herein studied specimens are deposited in the Herpetological Collection of Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The animals? ovaries, epididymis and testes were removed and sent to the Histology and Embryology Laboratory (UFRRJ), where they were fixed, processed and then subjected to histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. The ovaries of these leiosauridae are functionally-active paired organs filled with ovarian follicles at different follicular development stages. These organs are covered by a simple cubic epithelium, which presents an underlying connective tissue layer called tunica albuginea. The testes are covered by the tunica albuginea and hold septa forming lobes where the seminiferous tubules are located in. The epididymis of these lizards are convolute ducts internally coated by an epithelium, whose shape ranges from simple cylindrical to simple cubic with stereocilia. The immunohistochemical analysis applied to the ovaries of the herein studied lizards showed moderate to strong reaction to the alpha smooth muscle actin in the teak layer and in endothelial cells of blood vessels. With respect to the species? testes, this cytoskeleton protein showed strong reaction in the tunica albuginea, interstitial tissue, and in endothelial cells of blood vessels. As for the epididymis, the alpha-actin showed immunohistochemical reaction in the capsule and in the interstitial tissue of the lizards. The antibody ?desmin? showed strong immunostaining in the albuginea and ovarian stroma of E. perditus, only; however, the endothelial cells in the blood vessels of the three herein analyzed species showed positive reaction to this intermediate filament. Desmin showed immunoreactivity in the testicular albuginea and in the endothelial cells of the blood vessels in the herein analyzed leiosauridae testes; however, only E. bilineatus showed immunostaining in the interstitial region. Desmin showed positive immunoreaction in the epididymis of E. perditus and E. bilineatus, only. Vimentin did not show immunostaining in the ovaries, testes and epididymis of the three analyzed lizards. The consistent results found in the current study provide additional data on the reproductive biology of the investigated species. These data may be used for phylogenetic and behavioral comparisons between the herein studied species and other species belonging to family Leiosauridae or other reptiles Cap. II The aim of the current study is to investigate the histological description, as well as the presence and immunohistochemical distribution of alpha smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin in the testes and epididymis of Enyalius bilineatus, Enyalius perditus and Urostrophus vautieri, which are representatives of family Leiosauridae, in order to help developing a database on the reproductive biology of these lizards, which could be compared to that of other reptile species and vertebrates. The herein studied specimens are deposited in the Herpetological Collection of Federal University of Juiz de Fora. The animals? epididymis and testes were removed and sent to the Histology and Embryology Laboratory (UFRRJ), where they were fixed, processed and then subjected to histological and immunohistochemical techniques. The shape of the testes varies reasonably among the studied leiosauridae. These organs are covered by the tunica albuginea and hold septa forming lobes, where the seminiferous tubules are located in. The epididymis of these lizards are convolute ducts internally coated by an epithelium, whose shape ranges from simple cylindrical to simple cubic with stereocilia. The immunohistochemical analysis applied to the testes of the herein studied lizards showed strong positive reaction to the alpha smooth muscle actin in the tunica albuginea, interstitial tissue, and in endothelial cells of blood vessels. Desmin showed strong immunoreactivity in the testicular albuginea of E. bilineatus and moderate immunoreactivity in E. perditus and U. vautieri; however, only E. bilineatus showed immunostaining in the interstitial tissue region. The endothelial cells of blood vessels showed positive immunoreaction to desmin in the three herein analyzed species. The epididymis showed moderate immunohistochemical reaction to alpha smooth muscle actin in the capsule and in the interstitial tissue, whereas desmin showed positive immunoreaction in the epididymis of E. perditus and E. bilineatus, only. Vimentin did not show immunostaining in the testes and epididymis of the three analyzed lizards. The consistent results found in the current study provide additional data on the reproductive biology of the investigated species. These data may be used for phylogenetic and behavioral comparisons between the herein studied species and other species belonging to family Leiosauridae or other reptiles. / Cap. I Este trabalho investiga, al?m da descri??o histol?gica e histoqu?mica, a presen?a e distribui??o imuno-histoqu?mica de alfa-actina de m?sculo liso, desmina e vimentina nos ov?rios, test?culos e epid?dimos de Enyalius bilineatus, Enyalius perditus e Urostrophus vautieri, representantes da fam?lia Leiosauridae, para ajudar a formar uma base de dados sobre a biologia reprodutiva destes lagartos que possam ser comparados com outras esp?cies de r?pteis, bem como com outros vertebrados. Os esp?cimes estudados encontram-se depositados na Cole??o Herpetol?gica da UFJF. Os ov?rios, epid?dimos e test?culos dos animais foram removidos e encaminhados ao Laborat?rio de Histologia e Embriologia (UFRRJ), onde foram fixados, processados e ent?o submetidos ?s t?cnicas histol?gicas, histoqu?micas e imuno-histoqu?micas. Os ov?rios destes leiosaur?deos s?o ?rg?os pareados, repletos de fol?culos ovarianos, em distintos est?gios de desenvolvimento folicular. Estes s?o revestidos por epit?lio c?bico simples, com uma camada de tecido conjuntivo subjacente, a t?nica albug?nea. Os test?culos encontram-se envolvidos pela t?nica albug?nea e em seu interior cont?m septos que formam l?bulos, nos quais se localizam os t?bulos semin?feros. Os epid?dimos destes lagartos s?o ductos convolutos, revestidos internamente por um epit?lio que varia de cil?ndrico simples a c?bico simples com estereoc?lios. A imuno-histoqu?mica, nos ov?rios dos lagartos estudados, mostra uma rea??o moderada a acentuada para alfa-actina de m?sculo liso na camada da teca e em c?lulas endoteliais dos vasos sangu?neos, enquanto nos test?culos destas esp?cies nota-se uma acentuada rea??o para esta prote?na do citoesqueleto, na t?nica albug?nea, no tecido intersticial e nas c?lulas endoteliais dos vasos sangu?neos. Nos epid?dimos observa-se imunomarca??o para alfa-actina na c?psula e no tecido intersticial destes lagartos. Quanto ao anticorpo desmina, apenas em E. perditus, foi poss?vel imunorrea??o na albug?nea e no estroma ovariano, no entanto, nas tr?s esp?cies analisadas, as c?lulas endoteliais dos vasos sangu?neos demonstraram rea??o positiva a este filamento intermedi?rio. Nos test?culos dos leiosaur?deos estudados, a desmina foi imunolocalizada na albug?nea testicular e nas c?lulas endoteliais dos vasos sangu?neos, entretanto, apenas em E. bilineatus ocorreu imunomarca??o, na regi?o do interst?cio. Nos epid?dimos, a desmina demonstrou imunorrea??o positiva apenas em E. perditus e E. bilineatus. N?o houve rea??o imuno-histoqu?mica para vimentina nos ov?rios, test?culos e epid?dimos dos tr?s lagartos analisados. Este estudo obteve resultados consistentes, fornecendo assim mais dados sobre a biologia reprodutiva das esp?cies aqui investigadas, que poder?o ser utilizados para compara??es filogen?ticas e comportamentais com outras esp?cies da fam?lia Leiosauridae e outros r?pteis. Cap. II Este trabalho investiga, al?m da descri??o histol?gica, a presen?a e distribui??o imuno-histoqu?mica de alfa-actina de m?sculo liso, desmina e vimentina nos test?culos e epid?dimos de Enyalius bilineatus, Enyalius perditus e Urostrophus vautieri, representantes da fam?lia Leiosauridae, para ajudar a formar uma base de dados sobre a biologia reprodutiva destes lagartos que possam ser comparados com outras esp?cies de r?pteis, bem como com outros vertebrados. Os esp?cimes estudados encontram-se depositados na Cole??o Herpetol?gica da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Os epid?dimos e test?culos dos animais foram removidos e encaminhados ao Laborat?rio de Histologia e Embriologia (UFRRJ), onde foram fixados, processados e ent?o submetidos ?s t?cnicas histol?gicas e imuno-histoqu?micas. O formato dos test?culos varia razoavelmente entre os leiosaur?deos estudados. Estes ?rg?os encontram-se envoltos pela t?nica albug?nea e no seu interior cont?m septos que formam l?bulos incompletos, nos quais se localizam os t?bulos semin?feros. Os epid?dimos destes lagartos s?o ductos convolutos. Estes ductos s?o revestidos internamente por um epit?lio que varia de cil?ndrico simples a c?bico simples com estereoc?lios. A imuno-histoqu?mica revela uma acentuada rea??o positiva para alfa-actina de m?sculo liso nos test?culos dos leiosaur?deos analisados, na t?nica albug?nea e no tecido intersticial, assim como, nas c?lulas endoteliais dos vasos sangu?neos. A desmina apresentou acentuada imunorreatividade na albug?nea testicular em E. bilineatus e moderada em E. perditus e U. vautieri, entretanto, na regi?o do tecido intersticial, apenas em E. bilineatus ocorreu imunomarca??o. Nas tr?s esp?cies analisadas, as c?lulas endoteliais dos vasos sangu?neos demostraram imunorrea??o positiva para desmina. Nos epid?dimos observou-se rea??o imuno-histoqu?mica moderada para alfa-actina de m?sculo liso na c?psula e no tecido intersticial, enquanto a desmina demonstrou imunorrea??o positiva apenas em E. perditus e E. bilineatus. N?o houve imunomarca??o para vimentina nos test?culos e epid?dimos dos tr?s lagartos analisados. Este estudo obteve resultados consistentes, fornecendo assim mais dados sobre a biologia reprodutiva das esp?cies aqui investigadas, que poder?o ser utilizados para compara??es filogen?ticas e comportamentais com outras esp?cies da fam?lia Leiosauridae e outros r?pteis.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-02T13:28:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leonardo Mitrano Neves.pdf: 2710150 bytes, checksum: e76a622435676fcc3b2281358ce93865 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-02T13:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Leonardo Mitrano Neves.pdf: 2710150 bytes, checksum: e76a622435676fcc3b2281358ce93865 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / Rocky reef fish assemblages change along extreme environmental conditions gradients; both spatial (across gradients of distance from the river mouths) and short term temporal (diel cycle of light intensity). Moreover, changes in connection to habitat heterogeneity can occur, even for tropical rocky reefs with a more homogenous habitat structure. Knowledge of the way that fish assemblages respond to these changes is fundamental to identify the variables that determine spatial patterns and to predict how impacts in great or low intensity can affect diversity. The main aims of this study were: (1) to determine influence of physical (distance from river mouth and wave exposure), biological (benthic cover) and structural (substratum height and number of shelters) variables in structuring fish assemblages, species richness, abundance, biomass and trophic groups diversity; (2) to assess diel changes in composition and structure of fish assemblages; (3) to relate changes in species composition (beta diversity) with habitat heterogeneity for a small scale (among transects in a given area), and the relationship between beta and alfa diversity (species richness, richness estimation and Shannon diversity). Subaquatic visual census were carried out in Ilha Grande coastal reefs, encompassing (1) islands distributed along a spatial gradient of distance from river mouth; (2) six different time periods, i.e., sunrise (06:00h), morning (08:30h), afternoon (14:00h), sunset (17:30h), early night (19:30h) and night (21:00h) in two shallow coastal reef; and (3) in transect in four areas to assess beta biodiversity. Habitat structure (benthic cover and topographic complexity) assessment was performed (objectives 1 and 3). The distance from river mouth explained from 12.4% to 38.2% of the estimated components of variation (ECV) of PERMANOVA for all analyzed response variables, playing a major role in determining spatial patterns of fish assemblages. Differences between reefs close and far from river mouth reached a maximum of 4.5x for richness, 11x for biomass and 10x for abundance. The substrate height was positively related to fish abundance, species richness and trophic groups diversity (ECV between 7.3 % and 17.4%), whereas the number of shelters was positively associated to small-sized species abundance such as Stegastes fuscus, Emblemariopsis signifer and Scartella cristata. Benthic cover had significant influence to determine spatial pattern in fish assemblage structure and diversity of trophic groups (ECV = 8% and 10%, respectively), but not in species richness, biomass and fish abundance. Wave exposure had significant influence on fish assemblage structure only (ECV = 10%). The fish assemblage changes drastically along diel cycle. Species richness and fish abundance were at the highest during the period of the day with intermediary values at twilight periods, and at the lowest during the night. The highest difference in assemblage structure was found between the periods of the day and the night. The families Sciaenidae, mainly represented by Pareques acuminatus, and Pempheridae represented by Pempheris schomburgkii were more abundant during the night, whereas Haemulidae Haemulon steindachneri, Pomacentridae Abudefduf saxatilis, Chaetodondidae Chaetodon striatus, and Labrisomidae Malacoctenus delalandii were more abundant during the day. The twilight periods were similar in assemblage structure, and had as characteristics species of the day (H. steindachneri, M. acutirostris) and the night (P. acuminatus), reflecting a transitional period. Significant positive relationship was detected between habitat heterogeneity and beta diversity. The area with more ix homogeneous habitat and low variation in fish assemblage was dominated by little threedimensionally complex organisms (zoanthids), while areas that had fleshy algae, turf and zoanthids with a more even percentage cover had higher heterogeneity and beta diversity. For all measures of examined alfa diversity, the area with more heterogeneous habitat and with the highest beta diversity had the highest alfa diversity compared with areas with more homogenous habitat e lowest beta diversity. However, positive relationship between alfa and beta diversity was significant for species richness, but not for estimate of richness and Shannon index. This study demonstrated that changes in assemblages in spatial and short term (from transects to 10 km, and diel cycle) scales may be attributed to changes in local habitat structure, both composition of dominant benthic organisms and habitat heterogeneity and can be associated to behavioral characteristics mainly related to strategies of food acquirement and protection against predation / As assembleias de peixes recifais variam atrav?s de gradientes de mudan?as extremas nas condi??es ambientais, tanto espaciais (ao longo de gradientes de dist?ncia da foz de rios) quanto em escalas temporais curtas (ao longo do ciclo di?rio de intensidade luminosa). Al?m disto, varia??es em resposta ao n?vel de heterogeneidade do habitat tamb?m podem ocorrer, mesmo entre recifes rochosos situados fora de intensos gradientes ambientais. Entender como as assembleias de peixes respondem a tais mudan?as ? fundamental para identificar vari?veis determinantes dos padr?es espaciais e predizer como impactos de grande e pequena intensidade podem afetar os padr?es de diversidade. Os principais objetivos deste estudo foram: (1) determinar a influ?ncia de vari?veis f?sicas (dist?ncia da foz do rio e exposi??o a ondas), biol?gicas (cobertura b?ntica) e estruturais (altura do substrato e n?mero de ref?gios) na estrutura??o das assembleias de peixes, riqueza de esp?cies, abund?ncia, biomassa e diversidade dos grupos tr?ficos; (2) avaliar as mudan?as ao longo do ciclo di?rio na composi??o e estrutura da assembleia de peixes recifais; (3) relacionar a varia??o na composi??o de esp?cies (beta diversidade) com a heterogeneidade do habitat, para uma pequena escala (entre transectos de uma mesma ?rea), e as rela??es entre a beta diversidade e medidas de diversidade alfa (riqueza de esp?cies, estimativa da riqueza e diversidade de Shannon). Para tal, censos visuais subaqu?ticos foram realizados (1) em cost?es rochosos da ba?a da Ilha Grande, em ilhas localizadas atrav?s de um gradiente de dist?ncia da foz de rios; (2) em seis diferentes hor?rios, compreendendo o amanhecer (06:00h), manh? (08:30h), tarde (14:00h), anoitecer (17:30h) e in?cio da noite (19:30h) e noite (21:00h) em dois recifes rochosos rasos; e (3) em transectos de quatro ?reas para avaliar diversidade beta. Avalia??es da estrutura do habitat (cobertura b?ntica e complexidade topogr?fica) foram realizadas (para objetivos 1 e 3). A dist?ncia da foz do rio explicou entre 12,4% a 38,2% da estimativa dos componentes de varia??o (ECV) da PERMANOVA de todas as vari?veis respostas analisadas, desempenhando um papel principal nos padr?es espaciais da assembleia de peixes. Diferen?as entre recifes pr?ximos e distantes da foz atingiram um m?ximo de at? 4,5x para a riqueza, 11x para a biomassa e 10x para a abund?ncia. A altura do substrato foi positivamente relacionada com a abund?ncia de peixes, riqueza de esp?cies e diversidade dos grupos tr?ficos (ECV entre 7,3% a 17,4%), enquanto o n?mero de ref?gios foi associado positivamente com a abund?ncia de esp?cies de pequeno porte, como Stegastes fuscus, Emblemariopsis signifer e Scartella cristata. O efeito da cobertura b?ntica foi significativo em determinar os padr?es espaciais da estrutura da assembleia de peixes e da diversidade dos grupos tr?ficos (ECV = 8% e 10%, respectivamente), por?m n?o foram observadas influ?ncias significativas da cobertura b?ntica na riqueza de esp?cies, biomassa e abund?ncia. A exposi??o ?s ondas teve um efeito significativo apenas para a estrutura da assembleia de peixes (ECV = 10%). As assembleias de peixes variaram drasticamente ao longo do ciclo di?rio. A riqueza de esp?cies e a abund?ncia de peixes foram maiores durante os hor?rios do dia, com valores intermedi?rios nos hor?rios crepusculares e atingiram os menores valores durante a noite. Maiores diferen?as na estrutura da assembleia foram observadas entre o per?odo diurno e noturno. Durante a noite, as fam?lias Sciaenidae, representado por Pareques acuminatus, e Pempheridae vii representado por Pempheris schomburgkii foram mais abundantes, enquanto Haemulidae Haemulon steindachneri, Pomacentridae Abudefduf saxatilis, Chaetodondidae Chaetodon striatus, e Labrisomidae Malacoctenus delalandii foram abundantes durante o dia. Os hor?rios crepusculares foram semelhantes entre si, sendo caracterizados por esp?cies tanto dos hor?rios do dia (H. steindachneri, M. acutirostris) quanto da noite (P. acuminatus), refletindo esse per?odo de transi??o. Rela??es positivas significativas foram detectadas entre a heterogeneidade do habitat e a beta diversidade. A ?rea com habitat mais homog?neo e de menor varia??o na composi??o da assembleia foi dominada por organismos tridimensionalmente pouco complexos (zoant?deos), enquanto a ?reas que apresentaram algas frondosas, matriz de algas epil?ticas (MAE) e zoant?deos com uma percentagem de cobertura mais equitativa, tiveram a maior heterogeneidade do habitat e beta diversidade. Para todas as medidas de diversidade alfa utilizadas, a ?rea com habitat mais heterog?neo e com maior beta diversidade, apresentou uma diversidade alfa maior do que a ?rea com habitat mais homog?neo e de menor beta diversidade. Entretanto, as rela??es positivas entre a beta diversidade e a diversidade alfa foram significativas apenas para a riqueza de esp?cies, e n?o para a estimativa da riqueza e a diversidade de Shannon. Este estudo demonstrou que varia??es nas assembleias em escalas espaciais e temporais curtas (desde entre transectos at? 10 km, e ao longo do ciclo di?rio) podem ser atribu?das a mudan?as na estrutura dos habitats locais, tanto na composi??o dos organismos bent?nicos dominantes quanto na heterogeneidade do habitat e podem ser associadas a caracter?sticas comportamentais principalmente associadas a estrat?gias de obten??o de alimento e prote??o contra preda??o