Studien syftar till att undersöka vilka uppfattningar personal inom funktionshinderområdet har om begreppet delaktighet, samt att få ta del av vilka framgångsfaktorer och hinder personalen möter i arbetet att skapa delaktighet för personer i behov av stöd. För att kunna svara på dessa frågor har en intervjustudie genomförts. Intervjustudien har genomförts med fem boendestödjare på gruppbostäder inom Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (LSS). Resultatet av studien visar att begreppet delaktighet är ett svårtolkat begrepp som tolkas olika i olika sammanhang och att det därför är viktigt med ett gemensamt språk för att lättare kunna arbeta med delaktighet. I resultatet framkommer även flera framgångsfaktorer som är viktiga i arbetet mot delaktighet. Att ha stor kunskap om funktionsnedsättningarna man möter är av stor vikt, men att ha kunskap om personen man möter är avgörande för att kunna stötta personen i delaktighetsprocessen. Två andra viktiga framgångsfaktorer är att skapa en bra relation till de man möter och att det framförallt ligger hos personalen att vilja skapa en bra relation. För att lyckas med delaktighet krävs ett stort engagemang från organisation och chef, det är de som måste visa vägen. Resultatet i studien visar på att man i arbetet med delaktighet även stöter på hinder som kan påverka möjligheten till delaktighet. Det kan handla om långa processer där förslag och åsikter stannar på vägen och även att det ibland blir viktigare att uppnå resultat än delaktighet. / The study aims at investigating the perceptions of disability staff about the concept of participation, as well as finding out what success factors and obstacles the staff encounter in the work of creating participation for people in need of support. In order to answer these questions, a qualitative research has been conducted. The qualitative method has been conducted through five interviews with staff in group homes under the Support and Service Act for Disabled People (LSS). The results of the study show that the concept of participation is interpreted differently in different contexts, and therefore it is important to have a common language in order to facilitate participation. The result also reveals several success factors that are important in the work towards participation. Having a high level of knowledge about the disabilities you face is crucial, but knowing the person you meet is crucial in order to support the person in the participation process. Two other important success factors are, to create a good relationship with those you meet and to create a good relationship it needs to start with the staff. To success in participation requires a lot of commitment from organization and manager, they are the ones who have to show the way to participation. The result reveals some obstacles that can be encountered in the work.

<p>This study is inspired by research about alliance as a common factor. The purpose is to explore the positive experiences among community-based social support workers when breaking the rules with their clients. The study questions in which situations they broke the rules and how they handled these situations related to their clients and colleges. Qualitative, individual interviews were made with four community-based social support workers who had such experiences. The results were analysed through an hermeneutic approach using Johan Asplund's theory of social responsiveness. The rules were mainly created socially among the colleges and concerned where, when and how they met their clients, and what the workers revealed about their personal life. They broke the rules when following them felt wrong and unpleasant. Breaking the rules created reciprocity in the client-relationship, which strengthened the alliance. Breaking the rules was less problematic when the workers felt supported by colleges than among colleges who acted disapprovingly. The respondents used the rules as something to relate to the client and themselves, instead of applying them in the same way with everyone. This raised questions about how to define professionalism, causes of stigma and how to measure quality in health services.</p>

This study is inspired by research about alliance as a common factor. The purpose is to explore the positive experiences among community-based social support workers when breaking the rules with their clients. The study questions in which situations they broke the rules and how they handled these situations related to their clients and colleges. Qualitative, individual interviews were made with four community-based social support workers who had such experiences. The results were analysed through an hermeneutic approach using Johan Asplund's theory of social responsiveness. The rules were mainly created socially among the colleges and concerned where, when and how they met their clients, and what the workers revealed about their personal life. They broke the rules when following them felt wrong and unpleasant. Breaking the rules created reciprocity in the client-relationship, which strengthened the alliance. Breaking the rules was less problematic when the workers felt supported by colleges than among colleges who acted disapprovingly. The respondents used the rules as something to relate to the client and themselves, instead of applying them in the same way with everyone. This raised questions about how to define professionalism, causes of stigma and how to measure quality in health services.

The purpose of my study is to describe the relationship between housing supporters and clients based on the experience of the residential support. Six semi-structured interviews were analyzed and as shown in the results, personal qualities such as empathy, ability to listen, respect and skills and professional approach are building blocks in the creation of the relationship between housing supporters and clients. Further on, the result has been analyzed by using theories in symbolic interactionism and dramaturgical perspective for finding new angles and perspectives in the result. The result of this study is that a relationship between housing supporters and clients is important and requires both the client's and housing support’s involvement. The study is relevant to social work by increasing awareness that housing support is an important social initiative that helps people with mental disabilities.

Denna studie undersöker ledarskapets betydelse för arbetsgrupper inom fältet boendestöd för personer med neuropsykiatrisk funktionsvariation, med fokus på det relationella ledarskapet och utifrån en socialkonstruktivistisk teori. Varför och hur ledare får komplexa verksamheter att fungera väl och med god kvalitet, för både brukare och personal, är frågor som legat till grund för arbetet. Studien är kvalitativ och bygger på intervjuer med fem boendestödjare och fem chefer, verksamma i fyra olika verksamheter. Resultatet visar att boendestödjarna och cheferna har en samsyn om att god kommunikation inom verksamheten och gemensam målbild kan förbättra stödinsatserna, men att dessa förutsättningar inte alltid finns. Resultatet belyses med hjälp av Karaseks och Theorells teori om krav-kontroll-stöd. I diskussionen jämförs chefernas och boendestödjarnas perspektiv på det relativa ledarskapet och huruvida resultatet indikerar samband mellan faktorer som kommunikation, motivation och trivsel för boendestödjare och chefer. Faktorer som påverkar om man vill vara kvar i boendestödjaryrket diskuteras också, samt att studien inte kan belägga ovan nämnda samband, men uppmanar till vidare forskning på området. / This study examines the importance of leadership for working groups in the field of housing support for people with neuropsychiatric disabilities, focusing on relational leadership. Issues such as how and when leaders get a complex structure to work well and with good quality, for both users and staff, are issues that are the basis for the work. The study is qualitative and based on interviews with five housing assistants and five managers, active in four different activities. The results shows that the residents and managers have the consensus that good communication within the issues of work and common target image can improve support efforts, but this is not always done. The result is illustrated by Karaseks and Theorell's theory of demand-control-support. The discussion section compares the perspectives of leaders and housing supporters on the importance of relative leadership and that the outcome indicates relationships between factors such as communication, motivation and well-being for housing supporters and managers. Factors that affect if you want to stay in the housing support profession are also discussed, and that the study can not cover the above-mentioned relationship, but calls for further research in the field.

Studiens syfte är att belysa klientens bedömning om boendestödets relevans i vardagen. Studien stöds av teoretiska perspektiv som besvarar frågan om hur klienten upplever vardagliga aktiviteter, meningsfull sysselsättning. I motsättning till klientens bedömning beskriver boendestödjarna deras syn på meningsfull sysselsättning och vardagliga aktiviteter. Syftet för studien uppnås genom en kvalitativ studie och baseras på intervjuer om hur klienten och boendestödjarens upplever boendestödets relevans i vardagen. I studien har fyra olika klienter och två boendestödjare (i åldrarna 29-60 år) intervjuats. Klienterna har psykiska och fysiska sjukdomar och har haft boendestöd i minst 3 år. Vid analys av intervjumaterialet har vi använt oss av verksamhetsteorin. Det perspektivet är samhällsvetenskapligt inriktat och studerar hur människan på olika sätt är beroende av verksamheter för att kunna hantera vardagen.   För att stärka vår teori har vi använt oss av ett teoretiskt perspektiv KASAM (känsla av sammanhang. Därefter har vi valt att stärka empirin och våra teoretiska perspektiv med två avhandlingar i den tidigare forskningen. Genom tidigare forskning kan förklaring ges till hur olika faktorer påverkar människor med psykiska funktionsnedsättningar, likväl som en förståelse för hur klienten upplever meningsfull sysselsättning, aktivitet och boendestöd som relevant för deras vardag.   För att kunna analysera intervjumaterialet valdes två strategier, meningskategorisering och meningstolkning. Utifrån dessa två strategier omformades sex teman till tre som sedan presenteras i resultatet. Analysen visar att boendestödet har en stor betydelse för att klienterna ska uppnå meningsfull sysselsättning, arbete och aktivitet i vardagen. Samtliga klienter har bra kontakt med sina boendestödjare och känner en trygghet samt gemenskap till dem.

Housing support is a service offered by municipalities in Sweden which aim to help people with psychiatric and/or neuropsychiatric disabilities to manage their daily lives, often in their own home. Housing support workers therefore have an important role in supporting people with psychiatric and/or neuropsychiatric disabilities. In certain municipalities in Sweden, housing support with a family-oriented approach has been implemented to help parents with parenthood and to structure their everyday lives with the family as a whole. This study aims to examine the possibilities and challenges that housing support workers face in their work with parents and families receiving family-oriented housing support. A further aim with this study is to understand the conditions that are created during interaction and in relations between the housing support workers and the parents, utilizing an analytical framework derived from concepts within the theory of social responsiveness. The method used in this study is based on semi-structured qualitative interviews with housing support workers working with a family-oriented approach. The empirical data has been analyzed through a thematic analysis, resulting in three main themes to present the result and analysis. The findings of this study show that there are both possibilities and challenges with their work taking place in the family's home environment, such as being where the everyday problems are being manifested, but also handling other family members. Results also show that housing support workers within a family-oriented approach deal with a bigger network as they have to manage the family as a whole. Other challenges were about keeping boundaries between their professional role and being seen as a friend or family member. The main result of this study is that social interaction and relation between the housing support worker and the parent that receives housing support is substantial and inevitable.

Denna vetenskapliga essä utgår från författarens personliga erfarenhet som boendestödjare i form av en gestaltning. Syftet med essän är att formulera boendestödjarens praktik utifrån gestaltningen samt med hjälp av Aristoteles Den Nikomachiska etiken samt Donald A. Schöns Educating the Reflective Practitioner reflektera över vilken kunskap som boendestödjare använder samt hur det är möjligt att lära sig densamma. Metoderna består av skrivande, fenomenologiskt tillvägagångssätt gällande gestaltningen och hermeneutiskt utforskande. I essän presenteras en personlig och historisk bakgrund samt ett forskningsurval rörande boendestöd. Därefter diskuterar författaren, utifrån Aristoteles teorier, kring syftet med boendestöd och de kunskapsformer som återfinns i den inledande gestaltningen. Författaren diskuterar vidare hur boendestödjaren lär sig dessa kunskaper med utgångspunkt ur Schöns teorier. Därefter diskuteras instruktioner i ett annat sammanhang, utifrån den konceptuella konstnären Sol LeWitt. Essän avslutas med att författaren bland annat konstaterar att den praktiska kunskapen är centrala inom boendestödsarbetet även om instruktioner kan uppmärksamma författaren om medelvägen. / This scientific essay starts with a literary composition from the author’s personal experience as a community mental health worker. The purpose of the essay is to articulate the practice of the community mental health worker starting with the literary composition and by utilizing Aristotle The Nicomachean Ethics and Donald A. Schön Educating the Reflective Practitioner reflect over what type of knowledge the mental health worker uses and how it is possible to attain that knowledge. The methods consist of writing in addition to a phenomenological procedure regarding the literary composition and hermeneutic exploring. A personal and historical background is presented, along with a selection of research regarding community mental health work. This is followed by the authors discussion, starting with the theory of Aristotle, regarding the purpose of community mental health work and the type of knowledge that is located in the literary composition. The author continues to discuss how the community mental health worker learns this knowledge with starting from the theory of Schön. After that instructions are discussed in another context, from the conceptual artist Sol LeWitt. The essay ends with a conclusion by the author that the practical knowledge is central within the community mental health work even if instructions can make the author attentive on the middle way.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the work situation of housing supporters after exposure to threats and violence in the workplace. The study has a qualitative research approach and an abductive approach. Five housing supporters and a former housing supporter, now in a leading position, were interviewed with the help of semi-structured interviews. The participants lived in two municipalities in Central Sweden and were selected through a goal-directed selection and a snowball selection. The result is explained with the help of Demand- Control- and Support-model as well as the Lifeworld Theory. The empirical study is based on the answers from the interviews, the empirical data has been processed and analyzed and then presented in three main categories. The results show that several housing supporters feel that their mental state is negatively affected by threats and violence in the workplace. The results also show that social support is of great importance for reducing the negative stress and alleviating the negative consequences of threats and violence, and that education is important for housing supporters' ability to prevent and manage threats and violence in the workplace. It emerged that there was a need for more training, as it was considered a key factor in securing the necessary tools needed to be able to perform a good job.

Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen för hur boendestödjarna beskriver sitt vardagsarbete med brukarnas återhämtning på två boenden med särskild service inom Socialpsykiatriska utförarenheten i Skärholmens Stadsdelsförvaltning. Vi har intervjuat åtta boendestödjare. Valet av respondenter har gjorts utifrån ett kvoturval, fyra boendestödjare från Frösätra samt fyra från Solholmen. Vi har gjort semi-strukturerade intervjuer med samtliga boendestödjarna och utformat en intervjuguide. Intervjuguiden berör fenomen hur personalen på boendena beskriver begreppet återhämtning, hur de arbetar med återhämtning, hur återhämtning nås samt hur personal beskriver sin roll. Resultatet av studien påvisar att återhämtning innebär att den enskilde har möjligheten att återhämta sig från det kaotiska tillståndet samt att den enskilde tar makten över sitt liv. Återhämtning innebär utveckling och att den enskilde är självständig trots att en del av symptomen är varaktiga. Arbetet med återhämtning handlar om att lita på den enskildes förmåga och inte ge upp hoppet. Att se människan bakom symtomen och sjukdomen och därefter lyfta fram det friska. Återhämtning nås genom att den enskilde själv medverkar i sin egen återhämtning, är aktiv och villig att åstadkomma en förändring. / This study aims to increase understanding of how housing supporters describe their everyday work with the users' recovery at two sheltered housing, in Social Psychiatry perform purity of Skärholmens District Administration. We interviewed eight housing supporters. The selection of respondents was made based on a quota sample, four housing supporters from Frösätra and four from Solholmen. We did semi-structured interviews with all housing supporters and designed an interview guide. The interview guide affects phenomena such as how staff describes the concept of recovery and work on recovery. How the recovery is accessed and how staff describes their role. The results of this study demonstrated that recovery means that the individual has the ability to recover from the chaotic state, and that the individual will take charge of their lives. Recovery involves the development that the individual is autonomous although some symptoms are lasting. The work of recovery is about trusting the individual capacity and to not give up hope, to see the person behind the symptoms and the disease and highlight the healthy. Recovery achieved by the individual themselves take part in their own recovery, are active and want to make a change.