[pt] Diante das evidências de que enfrentamos uma tripla crise planetária e dos cenários projetados caso mantido o modelo de produção e consumo atuais, a proposta de transição para um modelo econômico circular apresenta-se como uma alternativa que visa à sustentabilidade. Considerando que alguns países já adotaram iniciativas para impulsionar essa mudança, a autora buscou realizar o mapeamento do cenário político-normativo no Brasil. A pesquisa buscou atos normativos vigentes e projetos de lei que tratassem sobre o tema economia circular, ecologia industrial ou simbiose industrial. Não foi encontrado resultado para ecologia industrial e simbiose industrial. Dos seis resultados de normas vigentes que contém o termo economia circular, foram selecionados dois decretos que o mencionam em diretrizes para pesquisa e para atuação da administração pública, respectivamente. Foram analisadas as políticas ambientais vigentes que tutelam bens em comum, e verificou-se que seus princípios e objetivos estão alinhados com os preceitos da economia circular e que seus instrumentos podem ser aliados na transição pretendida. A pesquisa de projetos de lei em trâmite na Câmara dos Deputados e no Senado Federal teve 19 resultados, sendo selecionados 14 para análise. As proposições foram divididas por temas e foram avaliadas eventuais redundâncias, complementaridades, contradições e lacunas existentes. O Projeto de Lei 1874/2022, que institui uma Política Nacional de Economia Circular, e encontra-se em trâmite no Senado Federal, foi selecionado como referência, pois apresenta proposta de regulamentação mais robusta sobre o tema. Com base na bibliografia, políticas e projetos de lei analisados, a autora elaborou uma proposta de aprimoramento para a proposição, com o objetivo de que compreenda conceitos, objetivos, princípios e instrumentos considerados relevantes para respaldar a transição para economia circular no Brasil. / [en] Given the evidence that we are facing a triple planetary crisis and the scenarios projected if the current production and consumption model is maintained, the transition to a circular economic model presents itself as an alternative to pursue sustainability. Considering that some countries have already adopted initiatives to promote this change, the author sought to map out the political-normative scenario in Brazil. The research sought current normative acts and bills of laws that refer to circular economy, industrial ecology or industrial symbiosis. No results were found for industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis. Out of the six results of current norms that relate to the term circular economy, two decrees that mention it as a guideline for research and for public administration acts, respectively, were selected. The current environmental policies that protect common goods were analyzed, and it was found that their principles and objectives are aligned with the precepts of the circular economy and that their instruments can be allies in this transition. The research of bills pending in the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate had 19 results, and 14 were selected for review. The propositions were divided by themes and possible redundancies, complementarities, contradictions and existing gaps were evaluated. Bill 1874/2022, which institutes a National Circular Economy Policy, and is currently pending in the Federal Senate, was selected as a reference as it presented a proposal for a more robust regulation on the subject. Based on the bibliography, policies and bills analyzed, the author prepared a recommendation of improvements for this bill, aiming to encompass concepts, objectives, principles and instruments considered relevant to support the transition to a circular economy in Brazil.

Samhället försöker ställa om från en linjär ekonomi, som varit normen, till en cirkulär ekonomi (CE): en ekonomi som genomsyras av att förlänga produkters livslängd, konsumera mindre och ta tillvara på de ändliga naturresurser som finns kvar. Avfall är något som inte ska ses som avfall, men som resurs i det cirkulära. Till hjälp finns styrdokument, lagstiftning och verktyg att ta del av, på internationell, nationell och lokal nivå, ett av dem är EUs avfallshierarki. I fallstudien undersöks hur medarbetare på Malmöbaserade Sysav (Sydskånes avfallsaktiebolag) arbetar med cirkulära flöden och CE i sitt vardagliga arbete, hur de ser på avfallshierarkin och hur de förhåller sig till styrdokument. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som metod och totalt intervjuades tio anställda på företaget. Resultatet visar att medarbetarna på Sysav, på grund av deras olika erfarenheter och yrkesroller, arbetar väldigt olika med cirkulära flöden, och har olika tankar kring vad det innebär. Det framkommer en rad nya idéer till förbättringar och effektiviseringar som skulle kunna implementeras. Slutligen visar Sysav som företag att det finns en rad åtgärder som kan tillämpas för skapa fler cirkulära flöden. / The society is actively trying to change from a linear economy, which has been the norm, to a circular economy: a society permeated by extending the life of products, consuming less and making use of the finite natural resources that remain. Waste is something that should be seen as resources. There are guiding documents, legislation and tools, like the EU’s waste hierarchy, to follow and make use of, at an international, a national and a local level. This case study examines how employees at Malmö-based Sysav (Sydskånes avfallsaktiebolag) work with circular flows and circular economy in their everyday work, how they view the waste hierarchy and how they relate to governing documents. Semi-structured interviews were used as the method and ten employees at the company were interviewed. The result shows that the employees at Sysav, due to their different experiences and professional roles, work very differently with circular flows, and have different ideas about what it means. A number of new ideas for improvements and efficiencies emerge that could be implemented. Finally, Sysav as a company shows that there are a number of measures that can be applied to create more circular flows.

Product-Service Systems (PSS) represents an emerging paradigm in which products and services are integrated to provide enhanced value to customers. By focusing on the specific context of a washing machine, this project explored the opportunities and challenges associated with designing for PSS. This project’s research methodology, which we conducted on behalf of Electrolux AB, employed a combination of literature review, e.g. within Circular Economy (CE), interviews with company employees, as well as interviews and observations of multiple user types to gather insights and perspectives from multiple stakeholders. The purpose of this master thesis project was to develop design principles for PSS and present those in a design proposal for a washing machine bespoke for PSS. Our findings highlight the importance of considering various factors such as user behaviour, considerations of multiple user categories, the environmental impact of products, and circular business models in designing for PSS. The developed principles emphasise the need for on-site reparable and upgradable products, easy installations, seamless integration of digital technologies, energy and resource efficiency, user-centric design, and effective communication channels between users and service providers. The developed design principles and the design proposal provide valuable guidance for designers, manufacturers, and service providers seeking to develop innovative PSS solutions. They offer a platform for creating sustainable, user-centred, and economically viable products and services that meet customers’ evolving needs and preferences. The insights gained from this research can also be partly generalised to other domains and contribute to the wider adoption of PSS as a transformative approach in the fields of product and service design. / Product-Service Systems (PSS) är ett växande paradigm i vilket produkter och tjänster integreras för att öka värdeerbjudandet åt användare. Detta examensarbete fokuserade på det specifika kontextet tvättmaskiner för att analysera de möjligheter och utmaningar som förknippas med att designa produkter för PSS. Forskningsmetodiken för detta examensarbete, vilket utfördes av oss på uppdrag av Electrolux AB, innefattade litteraturstudier inom bland annat området cirkulär ekonomi (CE), intervjuer med både anställda på företaget samt intervjuer och observationer av användare för att samla insikter och perspektiv från flera intressenter. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla designprinciper för PSS och presentera dessa i formen av ett koncept för en skräddarsydd tvättmaskin åt PSS. Vår analys betonade vikten av att kunna förstå och tolka användarmönster, olika typer av användares behov, produkternas miljöpåverkan och cirkulära affärsmodeller när man ska designa produkter för PSS. De framtagna principerna betonar bland annat behovet av god reparer- och uppgraderbarhet på plats hos primäranvändare, underlättade installationer, sömlös integrering av digitala teknologier, effektiv energi- och resurspåverkan, användarcentrerad design, samt effektiva kommunikationskanaler mellan användare och tjänsteleverantörer. Både design principerna och tillika konceptet erbjuder en värdefull och överskådlig inblick åt produktdesigners, tjänstedesigners samt tillverkare som ämnar att skapa framtida PSS-lösningar. Avslutningsvis blev resultaten av detta projekt delvis relevanta för ytterligare produktkategorier och kan bidra till den bredare omställningen till PSS inom områdena produkt- och tjänstedesign.

[pt] A sociedade tem exigido um desenvolvimento sustentável das organizações com uma postura social e ambiental responsável em sua gestão indo além da tradicional econômica. Entretanto as organizações têm enfrentado dificuldades para implementar a responsabilidade social corporativa (RSC) e adotar uma economia circular (EC) em sua cadeia de suprimentos. A literatura apresenta uma carência de pesquisas de EC com intuito de entender se esse modelo está se tornando parte das estratégias das empresas e também de compreender sua relação com RSC. Visando preencher essa lacuna de pesquisa, o objetivo desta dissertação é desenvolver um framework conceitual para responsabilidade social corporativa visando o desenvolvimento da economia circular sob a perspectiva da gestão de cadeia de suprimentos sustentáveis. O framework foi construído a partir de uma revisão de escopo abrangendo 60 artigos da base Scopus e validado por um painel de especialistas da área de sustentabilidade. Os resultados obtidos contemplam uma análise da literatura acadêmica sobre o tema e apresentam a relação do Tripple Botton Line (TBL) com RSC e EC e os constructos do framework com suas diretrizes e os promotores responsáveis por sua execução. A contribuição prática é um artefato para apoiar empresas na implementação da RSC, como contribuição teórica o próprio framework conceitual e como contribuição social maior conscientização para os stakeholders da necessidade de implementar RSC. / [en] The society has demanded a sustainable development from organizations with a social and environmental responsible attitude in their management going beyond the traditional economic. However, organizations have faced difficulties in implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) and adopting a circular economy (CE) in their supply chain. The literature shows a lack of research on circular economy in order to understand if this model is becoming part of companies strategies and also to understand its relationship with corporate social responsibility. In order to fill this research gap, the objective of this dissertation is to develop a conceptual framework for corporate social responsibility aiming at the development of circular economy from the perspective of sustainable supply chain management. The framework was built from a scoping review covering 60 articles from the Scopus database and validated by a panel of sustainability experts. The results embrace a bibliometric analysis of the literature on the topic and present the relationship of Tripple Botton Line (TBL) with CSR and CE and the constructs of the framework with its guidelines and the promoters responsible for its implementation. The practical contribution is an artifact to support companies in the implementation of CSR, as a theoretical contribution the conceptual framework itself and as a social contribution greater awareness for stakeholders of the need to implement CSR.

[ES] Los retos sociales y medioambientales a los que nos enfrentamos en el siglo XXI han sido el motor de la investigación en economía circular (EC). La EC se define como un sistema económico que minimiza la entrada y el desperdicio de recursos, las emisiones y las fugas de energía del sistema mitigando los impactos negativos sin poner en peligro el crecimiento y la prosperidad (Geissdoerfer et al., 2018). Esta tesis persigue proporcionar un marco conceptual con el fin de analizar el esfuerzo requerido para implementar estrategias de EC en las organizaciones, así como el impacto que genera y la forma en que se mide su grado de avance. Para ello se han realizado los siguientes estudios: (1) análisis bibliográfico del concepto de la EC, estrategias e indicadores; (2) análisis bibliométrico; (3) estudio del caso y análisis comparativo. Esta investigación profundiza en la forma en que la aplicación de la EC está impactando en las organizaciones de la triple hélice: sector académico, empresarial y administración (Ranga et al., 2015), enfatizando los desafíos y lecciones aprendidas. De modo que se puedan identificar las oportunidades, fortalezas, debilidades y barreras que está teniendo la aplicación real de la EC en las organizaciones. Con dicho fin, se han seleccionado once organizaciones que han sido entrevistadas y analizadas siguiendo los criterios de diversidad (representación internacional pero también una fuerte presencia de la Comunidad Valenciana en el modelo de innovación de triple hélice), autenticidad y relevancia (grado de conocimiento del concepto de EC en para analizar un entorno heterogéneo con diferentes niveles de experiencias, oportunidades, fortalezas, debilidades en el campo de la EC e indicadores.) Los desafíos comunes identificados para todas las organizaciones analizadas son la monitorización de la EC, la heterogeneidad en la aplicación y monitorización de las estrategias EC, la dimensión social, el involucramiento de todos los acto-res de la sociedad y la pandemia COVID-19. Por otro lado, las lecciones aprendidas comunes a todos los casos de estudio son la cooperación en proyectos de I+D+i financiados, el impacto económico positivo en las cadenas de valor circulares y la formación permanente. Finalmente, los indicadores que son empleados por todas las organizaciones analizadas se centran en el carácter medioambiental (huella de carbono, LCA) o el carácter general (KPI) de los indica-dores. / [CA] Els reptes socials i mediambientals als quals ens enfrontem en el segle XXI han sigut el motor de la investigació en economia circular (EC). La EC es defineix com un sistema econòmic que minimitza l'entrada i el desaprofitament de re-cursos, les emissions i les fugides d'energia del sistema mitigant els impactes negatius sense posar en perill el creixement i la prosperitat (Geissdoerfer et al., 2018). Aquesta tesi persegueix proporcionar un marc conceptual per a poder analitzar l'esforç requerit per a implementar estratègies de EC en les organitzacions, així com l'impacte que genera i la forma en què es mesura el seu grau d'avanç. Per a això s'han realitzat els següents estudis: (1) anàlisi bibliogràfica del concepte de la EC, estratègies i indicadors; (2) anàlisi bibliomètrica; (3) estudi del cas i anàlisi comparativa. Aquesta investigació aprofundeix en la forma en què l'aplicació de EC està im-pactant en les organitzacions de triple hèlice: sector acadèmic, empresarial i administració (Ranga et al., 2015), emfatitzant els desafiaments i lliçons apreses. De manera que es s'identifiquen les oportunitats, fortaleses, febleses i barreres que està tenint l'aplicació real de la EC en les organitzacions. Amb aquesta fi, s'han seleccionat onze organitzacions que han sigut entrevista-des i analitzades seguint els criteris de diversitat (representació internacional però també una forta presència de la Comunitat Valenciana en el model d'innovació de triple hèlice), autenticitat i rellevància (grau de coneixement del con-cepte de EC en per a analitzar un entorn heterogeni amb diferents nivells d'ex-periències, oportunitats, fortaleses, febleses en el camp de la EC i indicadors). Els desafiaments comuns identificats per a totes les organitzacions analitzades són el monitoratge de la EC, l'heterogeneïtat en l'aplicació i monitoratge de les estratègies EC, la dimensió social, l'involucrament de tots els actors de la socie-tat i la pandèmia COVID-19. D'altra banda, les lliçons apreses comunes a tots els casos d'estudi són la cooperació en projectes d'I+D finançats, l'impacte eco-nòmic positiu en les cadenes de valor circulars i la formació permanent. Finalment, els indicadors que són emprats per totes les organitzacions analitzades se centren en el caràcter mediambiental (empremta de carboni, LCA) o el caràcter general (KPI) dels indicadors. / [EN] The social and environmental challenges that we face in the 21st century have been the engine of the circular economy (CE) research. The CE is understood as an economic system that minimizes the resource input and waste, emissions and energy leakage from the system mitigating negative impacts without jeopardizing growth and prosperity (Geissdoerfer et al., 2018). This thesis aims to provide a conceptual framework to be able to analyse the effort required to implement CE strategies in organizations, as well as the impact generated and the way in which its degree of progress is measured. With the described purpose, the following studies have been carried out: (1) bibliographical analysis of the CE concept, strategies, and indicators; (2) bibliometric analysis; (3) case study and comparative analysis. This research delves into the way in which the application of CE is impacting on the triple helix organization: scientific, industrial and administration sector (Ranga et al., 2015), emphasizing points for improvement and lessons learned. So that we can understand the opportunities, strengths, weaknesses, and challenges that the real application of CE is having in the organizations. For this purpose, there have been selected eleven organizations that have been interviewed and analysed following the diversity criteria (international represen-tation but also a strong presence of the Valencian Community in the triple helix innovation model), authenticity and relevance (degree of knowledge of the concept of CE to analyse a heterogeneous environment with different levels of experiences, opportunities, strengths, weaknesses in the field of CE and indicators). The common challenges identified for all the organizations analysed are the monitoring of CE, the heterogeneity in the application and monitoring of CE strategies, the social dimension, the involvement of all actors of society and the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, the common lessons learned are cooperation in funded R&D projects, the positive economic impact on circular value chains, and continuous training. Finally, the indicators that are used by all the organizations analysed focus on the environmental character (carbon footprint, LCA) or the general character (KPI) of the indicators. / Palanca Roig, A. (2023). La Economía Circular en las organizaciones: estrategias e indicadores. Análisis de casos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195108

[pt] A dissertação trata do desenvolvimento do aplicativo para celular chamado Sustenta.me, inserido nos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável 12, Consumo e Produção Responsáveis. O objetivo principal desse aplicativo é mapear produtos e serviços sustentáveis na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, facilitando seu acesso de forma prática e segura, fornecendo uma ferramenta para promover a economia circular no dia-a-dia do público-alvo. A dissertação apresenta também uma pequena retrospectiva do impacto da criação dos aplicativos na sociedade contemporânea e uma revisão dos serviços sustentáveis sob uma perspectiva histórica no Rio de Janeiro, se debruçando então sobre o processo de criação do aplicativo Sustenta.me e um protótipo em tamanho real para testes, avaliação da interface interativa e proposta de promoção do aplicativo. / [en] The dissertation focuses on the development of a mobile applicationcalled Sustenta.me, aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 12: ResponsibleConsumption and Production. The primary objective of this application is to mapsustainable products and services in the city of Rio de Janeiro, making theiraccess practical and secure. It serves as a tool to promote circular economy inthe everyday lives of the target audience. The dissertation also provides a briefretrospective on the impact of application creation in contemporary society and ahistorical review of sustainable services in Rio de Janeiro. It then delves into theprocess of creating the Sustenta.me application, including a full-scale prototypefor testing, evaluation of the interactive interface, and a proposal for promotingthe application.

[pt] A Economia Circular (EC) é apontada como um mecanismo para o desenvolvimento sustentável, e um caminho para mitigar a problemática da geração de resíduos. Na EC o resíduo é recurso em uma nova cadeia produtiva; na prática, isto ocorre por meio do negócio de Recuperação e Reciclagem (RR). No Brasil, o debate sobre EC ainda é exíguo e são poucos os estudos acadêmicos publicados. Com objetivo de identificar as barreiras e as oportunidades para implantar um negócio de RR, à luz da EC, foi realizado um estudo de caso na cadeia de reaproveitamento do óleo de cozinha residual (OCR). Os métodos utilizados na pesquisa qualitativa foram: revisão bibliográfica, análise documental, entrevistas e observação participativa. Observou-se que a RR do OCR ocorre por meio de uma rede circular, composta por diversos agentes, com interesses e estratégias individuais que não incluem o ciclo de vida do produto. Os agentes intermediários, atuantes na logística reversa, são motivados por questões socioeconômicas. As barreiras se manifestam em seis segmentos: sociocultural, organizacional, tecnológico, de mercado, econômico e regulatório; são coincidentes com o quadro teórico, contudo estão associadas às condições socioeconômicas locais e à maturidade da indústria para EC. As oportunidades na EC convergem para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Esta pesquisa sugere que a responsabilidade estendida do produtor e o incentivo à aquisição de recurso secundário são estratégias primordiais para fechar o ciclo de vida do produto; contribui também com informações para tomada de decisão no setor de RR. / [en] Circular Economy (CE) has been pointed as a mechanism to reach sustainable development, also an answer to solid waste challenges. Under CE concept waste is resource in a new supply chain. Recovery and Recycling (RR) is one of the CE business model to turn waste into value. Therefore, CE represents a strategic path for the field of Urban Solid Waste Management. It is expected to bring innovation to this sector and foster large change in waste treatment practices in order to closing the loop. In Brazil, the debate about CE is still in the early stages and there are limited academic studies launched. In order to identify barriers and drivers to implement the CE business model of Recovery and Recycling in Brazil, a singular case study was conducted in the waste cooking oil (WCO) recovery supply chain. Moreover, considering the differences between common recycling practices in the local context and CE RR business model, it is needed to set the studied WCO recycling supply chain into the framework of the CE recovery and recycling business model.

[pt] Esta pesquisa apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre a aceitação de um serviço ecoeficiente hipotético para o reuso do mobiliário do quarto infantil. Identificou-se que a composição do quarto infantil passa por constante renovação pois sofre uma obsolescência funcional. Seu mobiliário tem uso de curta duração pois perde função à proporção que a criança cresce e se desenvolve. Esta prática de remobiliar amplia o consumo de móveis e produz impactos no ambiente. Sugere-se um serviço ecoeficiente como solução para reduzir os impactos deste consumo. Serviços ecoeficientes são considerados inovações na economia, que por meio de ciclos de reuso ecoeficientes, podem tornar o sistema de produção e consumo mais sustentável. Estes serviços baseiam-se na transferência da propriedade do consumidor para o produtor, o qual será responsável por manter a ecoeficiência de produção. Porém, a aceitação de serviços desprovidos de propriedade, enfrenta barreiras ao demandar uma mudança no comportamento de consumo. O método de pesquisa contou com investigação de literatura e estudo de campo baseado em entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários direcionados ao consumidor. Esta pesquisa identificou fatores que influenciam a aceitação pelo consumidor e dentre os fatores materiais mais relevantes destacam-se: a relação custo-benefício e a percepção da adequação do serviço à composição do quarto. Identificou-se como fatores psicossociais mais relevantes o valor simbólico de objetos novos, a mudança na relação com o objeto e o valor ambiental da proposta. Concluiu-se que, embora a pronta aceitação do serviço dependa da percepção do consumidor sobre os benefícios do serviço em comparação com a compra e a propriedade, há uma atitude positiva em relação aos serviços ecoeficientes. / [en] This research presents the results of an investigation into the acceptance of a hypothetical eco-efficient service for the reuse of children s bedroom furniture. It was identified that the composition of children s bedroom undergoes constant renovation due to a functional obsolescence. Children s furniture has short-term use as it loses its function to keep pace with child growth and development. This refurbish practice increases furniture consumption and has negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, an eco-efficient service issuggested as a solution to reduce the impacts of this consumption. Eco-efficient services are considered as an innovative strategy in the economy, which through eco-efficient reuse cycles can make the production and consumption system more sustainable. These services are based on the transfer of ownership from the consumer to the producer, who will be responsible for maintaining the eco-efficiency of production and extending product s use life. Research, however, asserts that consumer acceptance of nonownership services faces barriers and is subject to change in consumption behaviour. Literature and field studies were carried out. Field studies were based on semi-structured interviews and consumer-oriented questionnaires. This research identified factors that influence consumer acceptance. Among the most relevant material factors were: the cost-benefit ratio and the perception of service adequacy to bedroom s furniture composition. The most relevant psychosocial factors identified were the symbolic value attributed to new objects, the change in the selfobject relationship and the environmental value of the proposal. It was concluded that, whilst readiness to accept service depends on consumer s perception of service benefits when compared to purchase and ownership, there is a positive attitude towards eco-efficient services.

Bygg- och rivningssektorn står för ca 30% av Sveriges avfall enligt svenska miljöinstitutet IVL. Bevarande av energi som går åt vid tillverkning av material är gynnsamt för miljön, vilket är syftet med återbruk. När stomelement i dagsläget demonteras förlorar de CE-märkningen och betraktas därefter som avfall. En metod inom cirkulärt byggande är återvinning, vilket innebäratt bryta ner produkten för att antingen skapa energi eller nytt material. Vid återvinning bevaras inte energin vilket innebär att energin som går åt att tillverka produkten från start går förlorad. För att nå de klimatmål som EU och Sverige har satt till framtiden är det viktigt för byggbranschen att sträva efter cirkulärt byggande, med fokus på återbruk och inte enbart återvinning. Detta examensarbetes syfte är att undersöka hur man kan öka återbruksförmågan av stomelement. I Sverige används återbruk i en liten skala. För att användningen av stomelement ska utvecklas i en större skala måste tekniska lösningar framkomma redan i projekteringsskedet. Oklarheter i regelverk kring klassificeringar av återanvända stomelement behöver tydliggöras för att öka återbrukspotentialen. Studien undersöker vilka möjligheter som finns idag av att bygga med återanvänt stommaterial, vilka hinder som uppstår och hur dessa problem kan hanteras. Detta undersöktes genom att intervjua respondenter med relevant kompetens i byggbranschen samt genom en litteraturstudie. Studien avgränsas till att undersöka stomelement i trä, stål och betong. Resultaten visade att potentialen för återbruksmaterial i dagsläget inte är god på grund av att det inte finns konkreta regelverk och incitament samt att materialtillgången är begränsad. Stommaterial har höga konstruktionskrav på sig vilket gör det svårt att återbruka. Vidare visade resultaten från studien att det för närvarande inte finns tydliga standardprovningar för att säkerställa stomaterialens kvalitet och hållbarhet. Därför har denna studie tagit fram en vägledande mall för att eventuellt minska förstörande provning samt agera som en guide för aktörer som vill återanvända stomelement men inte vet hur de ska gå tillväga. / The construction and demolition sector accounts for about 30% of Sweden's waste according to the Swedish Environmental Institute IVL. Conservation of materials and energy used in the manufacture of materials is beneficial to the environment, which is the purpose of reusing. When structural elements are currently dismantled, they lose their CE marking and are then regarded as waste. One method in circular construction is recycling, which means breaking down the product to either create energy or new material. During recycling, the energy is not conserved, which means that the energy used to manufacture the product from the start is lost. In order to achieve the climate goals that the EU and Sweden have set for the future, it is important for the construction industry to strive for circular construction, with a focus on reusing and not just recycling. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how to increase the reusability of structural elements. In Sweden, recycling is used on a small scale. In order for the use of structural elements to be developed on a larger scale, technical solutions must emerge during the design phase. Uncertainties of regulations regarding classifications of recycled structural elements need to be clarified in order to increase the reusing potential. The study examines what opportunities there are today for building with reused structural materials, what obstacles arise and how these problems should be handled. This was investigated by interviewing respondents with relevant competence in the construction industry and through a literature study. The study is limited to examining structural elements in wood, steel and concrete. The results showed that the potential for recyclable materials is currently not good due to the lack of regulations, incentives and that the supply of materials is limited. Structural materials have high structural requirements, which make them difficult to reuse. Furthermore, the results from the study showed that there are currently no clear standard tests to ensure the quality and durability of the materials. Therefore, this study has developed a guiding template to possibly reduce destructive testing and act as a guide for companies who want to reuse structure elements but do not know how to proceed.

Even as the current linear value chains (LVC) of organic waste and animal feed hold the potential to become circular, these practices continue to pose major environmental risks such as deforestation and overfishing. Therefore, a novel circular value chain (CVC) is proposed, connecting the organic waste stream with animal feed production by the use of insect-based organic waste conversion technology. The Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is chosen as the insect-based conversion technology since it has nutritional properties, which serves both waste treatment and animal feed material production purposes. Although there are already initiatives and collaborations in the Swedish context, the transition has not yet been successful. The study aims to identify and propose required solutions for the value chain transition. By using the transitional study tools of Technological Innovation System (TIS) and Multi Level Perspective (MLP) alongside sustainable value chain transition studies, it is found that technological and information-related adjustments are required to further enable the transition. Technological adjustments are studied from the perspective of Ragn-Sells AB as a potential insect- based organic waste conversion actor. Scenarios to see economical sustainability were designed based on the quantity fluctuation of waste as material input (3,000 tons per year and 15,000 tons per year), possibility of automated operation which affects both investment and operating costs of the facility, and procurement of small BSF larvae (off-site and in-site breeding). From the different scenarios designed, it is found that the scenario with the capacity of 15,000 tons per year, higher investment due to automation, and on-site breeding is the most preferable for the case. To answer information- related needs, an Informational Flow Framework (IFF) is proposed. The IFF consists of “Value Chain Stakeholders”, “CVC Relevant Regulations”, “Information Data Pool”, and “Information Flow”. The framework’s main function is to identify the type of material information required to be distributed in the system and the stakeholders whom require and/or provide various information, with the main goal of increasing the trust among the stakeholders related to material information. / Trots att den nuvarande linjära värdekedjan (Linear Value Chain) för organiskt avfall och djurfoder har potentialen för en cirkulär ekonomi, så utgör den nuvarande praxisen fortfarande stora risker såsom avskogning samt överfiske. Därför föreslås en ny cirkulär värdekedja (Circular Value Chain), som förbinder den organiska avfallsströmmen med djurfoderproduktion med användning av insektbaserad omvandlingsteknologi för organiskt avfall. Svart soldat fluga (Black Soldier Fly/BSF) utses som den insektsbaserade omvandlingsteknologin eftersom den har näringsegenskaper som bistår både avfallsbehandling och djurfoderproduktionsändamål. Trots att det redan finns initiativ och samarbeten i det svenska sammanhanget har övergången ännu inte lyckats. Studien syftar till att identifiera och föreslå nödvändiga lösningar för den cirkuläravärdekedjan. Genom att använda övergångsstudieverktygen av Teknologiskt Innovations System (TIS) samt Multi Level Perspective (MLP) och diverse värdekedjeövergångsstudier, konstateras det att tekniska och informationsrelaterade justeringarkrävs för att ytterligare möjliggöra övergången från en linjär till en cirkulär värdekedja. Teknologiska anpassningar studeras ur Ragn-Sells ABs perspektiv som en potentiell aktör för omvandling av organiskt avfall. Scenarier för att undersöka ekonomisk hållbarhet utformades baserat påfluktuering av mängden avfall som materialinmatning (3,000 ton per år och 15, 000 ton per år), möjlighet till automatiserad drift som påverkar både CAPEX & OPEX i anläggningen (hög CAPEX och låg CAPEX), och upphandling av små BSF-larver (avel utanför anläggningen). Från de olika utformade scenarierna konstaterades att scenariot med en kapacitet på 15,000 ton per år, hög CAPEX och avel på plats är det mest fördelaktiga för Ragn Sells AB. För att besvara informationsrelaterad justering föreslås en informationsflödesram (IFF). IFF består av ”Value Chain Interessholders”, “CVC Relevant Regulations”, “Information Data Pool” och “Information Flow”. Ramens huvudfunktion är att identifiera vilken typ av materialinformation som krävs för att distribueras i systemet och den aktör som kräver och/eller tillhandahåller informationen, med det huvudsakliga målet att öka förtroendet bland aktörerna relaterade till materiell information.