This doctoral thesis contains three empirical research papers that center on the topics of private equity and the role of advisors in mergers and acquisitions. "Your Former Employees Matter: Private Equity Firms and Their Financial Advisors” is a study of how social networks that are formed by previous employment relations affect private equity firms’choice of financial advisors. A financial advisor is more likely to advice on a transaction if a former employee is one of the private equity professionals who constitute the deal team for the particular transaction. In turn, information and deals are sourced to private equity firms from sell-side financial advisors within the previous employment network. "Dual Role Advisors and Conflicts of Interest” focuses on the potential conflicts of interest that may arise when an advisor to a firm targeted in a merger or acquisition is simultaneously involved in financing the bidder. Overall, the results suggest that investment banks in these situations may not have fulfilled their obligation of obtaining the highest possible price on behalf of the seller. "Private Equity Firms and Quick Flip Sales” examines the particulars of quick flip investments and three hypotheses that may explain their prevalence. Private equity firms typically are long term investors, but occasionally exits take place in less than 18 months. Results point to that such quick flips may partly be due to conflicting interests between the limited and general partners. / <p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2010. Sammanfattning jämte 3 uppsatser</p>

Background: According to Grawe’s psychological therapy approach, conflict reduction can be expected not only in psychodynamic, but also in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This was tested in an effectiveness study. Changes in cognitive conflicts, along with those of symptom severity and well-being were analyzed during alcohol inpatient treatment. Methods: Four times during treatment, groups of patients receiving psychodynamic therapy (n = 45 patients) or CBT (n = 49 patients) were measured and compared. Lauterbach’s Online Conflict Test was used to measure conflict. Symptom severity and well-being were measured using questionnaires. Results: Results showed significant conflict decrease in both groups with a tendency towards faster reduction under CBT. There was also significant change in symptom severity and well-being in both groups with no difference regarding reduction gradient. Moreover, patients in the psychodynamic treatment group exhibited lower symptom scores at treatment begin which may be a consequence of clinical group assignment. Conclusions: In general, the findings confirmed Grawe’s theoretical assumptions. Generalizability to other diagnostic groups and other clinical settings remains to be tested. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Neabejojama, kad tėvų tarpusavio nesutarimai gali būti vaiko streso priežastis. Sveikų vaikų tyrimai rodo, kad vedybiniai konfliktai gali būti ypač žalingi vaikams. Kaip šiuo atveju vedybiniai konfliktai siejasi su vaikų, sergančių bronchų astma, psichologiniu prisitaikymu tyrinėta dar nedaug. Šio tyrimo tikslas – patikrinti sąsajas tarp tėvų konfliktų raiškos, jų vaikų, sergančių BA, psichologinio prisitaikymo ir tam tikrų demografinių duomenų. Tyrime apklausti 192 vaikų, kurių amžius nuo 1,8 metų iki 12 metų amžiaus, tėvai. 86 vaikai, iš kurių 56 berniukai ir 30 mergaičių, serga lengva (N = 55) ir vidutine (N = 31) astmos forma. 106 to paties amžiaus vaikai, 55 berniukai ir 50 mergaičių, nesergančių jokia lėtine liga, sudarė kontrolinę grupę. Tyrime naudota Vaikų elgesio aprašai (CBCL/1½-5 ir CBCL6–18), Porų konfliktų ir problemų sprendimų skalė (CPS) bei vaiko aplinkos klausimynas. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad vaikai, sergantys bronchų astma (BA), turi daugiau internalių sunkumų nei sveiki vaikai. Mergaitės, sergančios BA, turi daugiau eksternalių sunkumų nei sveikos jų bendraamžės. Sunkumų raiška, priklausomai nuo astmos sunkumo ir nuo sergančio vaiko lyties, nesiskiria. Nustatėme, kad ikimokyklinio amžiaus vaikai, sergantys bronchų astma, turi daugiau emocinių ir bendrų (elgesio ir emocinių) sunkumų nei sveiki jų bendraamžiai. Rezultatai atskleidė, kad BA sergančių vaikų tėvai (pagal mamų vertinimus) efektyviau sprendžia tarpusavio nesutarimus nei sveikų vaikų tėvai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / There is no doubt that parental conflicts can be the cause of child‘s stress. The studies of healthy children show that marital conflicts can be extremely harmful. However there are not many empirical studies of how marital conflicts relate to psychological adjustment in children with bronchial asthma. So the purpose of this study was to explore the relations between parental conflicts resolutions, their children with asthma psychological adjustment and certain demographic data. During the study parents of 192 children aged from 1,8 - 12 years were questionned. 86 children, 56 boys and 30 girls, were suffering from mild (N = 55) and moderate (N = 31) asthma forms. 106 of the same age children, 55 boys and 50 girls, without any chronic disease were used as a comparison group. In the study Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL/1½-5 and CBCL6–18), the Conflicts and Problem – Solving Scales (CPS) and child‘s environmental questionnaire were used. The analysis of results showed that children with asthma have more internal difficulties than healthy children. Girls with asthma have more external difficulties as compared to their healthy peers. The expression of these difficulties does not differ depending on the form of asthma or child‘s with asthma gender. It was found that pre-school age children with asthma have more emotional and general (emotional and behavioural) difficulties than their healthy peers. The study showed that parents who had children with asthma (under the mothers... [to full text]

The purpose of this thesis is to create a deeper and also a better understanding about how each of the professional secrecy and obligation to report are perceived from auditors and further investigate how the potential conflicts based on independence and “can be suspect” are handled by the auditors. The purpose has been achieved through interviews with four different accounting firms. The interviews were conducted with Grant Thornton, BDO Mälardalen AB, PwC and KPMG to answer the research questions. Subsequently, a hermeneutic approach was used to since the interpretation of the interviews was considered as important to obtain knowledge of the respondent’s perception about the topic. In the analyze chapter have dataset from the reference framework and empirical part been used to implement the analyze of the thesis. The study shows that the professional secrecy is important for creating a good relationship with clients and is not considered as a rule that create conflicts for auditors. The obligation to report, however, is creating conflicts because of the lack of knowledge in assessment of economic crimes. The auditors therefore decide to investigate a situation that “can be suspect” beyond what is intended. To not become dependent on the clients, there are rules and profession practices that are used and also examples like not having friends or family members as clients. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa oss en djupare samt bättre förståelse om hur respektive av - samt anmälningsplikten uppfattas av revisorer och vidare undersöka hur eventuella konflikter med utgångspunkt för oberoende ställning samt vid ”kan misstänkas” situationer hanteras av revisorer. För att uppnå syftet, har intervjuer med fyra olika revisionsbyråer genomförts. Intervjuerna har genomförts med Grant Thornton, BDO Mälardalen AB, PwC samt KPMG genomförts för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. Därefter har en hermeneutik synsätt använts då tolkning av intervjumaterialen ansågs viktig för att kunna få kunskap för respondenternas uppfattning kring ämnesvalet. I analysavsnittet har sedan datamaterial från referensramen samt empiridelen använts för att kunna genomföra en analys av uppsatsen. Denna studie visar tystnadsplikten är viktig för att kunna skapa en bra relation med klienterna och anses inte skapa konflikter för revisorer i någon stor bemärkning. Anmälningsplikten skapar dock problem på grund av bristen på kunskap inom bedömning av brott hos revisorer. Revisorerna väljer därför att utreda en situation vid brottsmisstanke längre än vad som avses. För att inte bli beroende av sina klienter finns regler och praxis inom yrket som används samt genom att till exempel inte ha vänner och bekanta som klienter menar respondenterna.

El presente trabajo pretende construir un fragmento de la historia de los conflictos entre hombres y mujeres a finales del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX, desvelar la vida cotidiana o costumbres de una parte de la sociedad catalana, explicar las disputas prematrimoniales (incumplimiento de la promesa de matrimonio), sus influencias en el matrimonio (en el caso de que se celebrara el enlace), analizar el divorcio tal como se entendía en la época, sus facetas (divorcio formal e informal), poner de manifiesto los mecanismos de divorcio e insistir sobre sus modalidades ("separación interina, divorcio temporal y divorcio perpetuo"), sus consecuencias e implicaciones (el secuestro femenino generalmente realizado en casa de familiares o amigos; la reclusión femenina y masculina en una institución caritativa o penitenciaria (en caso de delitos matrimoniales); el reparto de los bienes, la restitución de la dote, la pensión alimenticia, la custodia de los hijos, etc. Para explicar el proceso de liberalidad que se estaba produciendo en torno al divorcio y a las promesas de matrimonio, y por ende los cambios de actitud relativos al matrimonio y a las relaciones de géneros, hemos recurrido a la bibliografía relacionada con el contexto histórico, social y económico de la época, de la información de los archivos judiciales y eclesiásticos (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) así como de la documentación procedente del Arxiu Històric de la Casa de Misericòrdia de Barcelona, de la Fundació Arxiu Històric de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu y de l'Arxiu Històric de la Biblioteca de Catalunya. / This work aims at recreating a piece of the history related to the conflicts between men and women between the end of the XVIIIth and the begining of the XIXth centuries in Catalonia. It pretends to reveal the everyday life and customs of a part of the catalan society, to explain the conflicts previous to marriage (violation of the marriage promise) and its influences on marriage (when the marriage union is celebrated), to analyze the divorce as it was understood in that time, and its multiple points of view (formal and informal divorce). We want to reveal the divorce mechanisms and its modalities ("interim separation, temporary divorce and permanent divorce"), its consequences and implications (the feminine kidnap typically carried out in a relative or friend's home; reclusion in a charity or penitentiary institution in case of marriage delicts); properties partitioning, the dowry devolution, nutritional allowance, children custody, etc. We have used the bibliography contained in juridical and clerical archives (Arxiu Diocesà de Barcelona, Arxiu Diocesà de Girona y Arxiu de la Corona d'Aragò) as well as documents of the Hospicio de Barcelona and Hospital de la Santa Cruz, relating the historical, social and economical context of that time in order to better explain the liberality process that was being developed around divorce and marriage promises, and therefore the attitude changes relating marriage and gender relationships.

Problem Investigated. This dissertation is a study of the political effects of low-intensity warfare in Indonesia since 1945. In particular, it examines the interaction between general principles and contextual variables in guerrilla conflict, to determine whether such conflict causes the diffusion of political power. Analysis of insurgent movements indicates that power structures within a guerrilla group tend to be regionalised, diffuse and based on multiple centres of roughly equal authority. Conversely, studies of counter-insurgency (COIN) techniques indicate that successful COIN depends on effective political control over the local population. This tends to be exercised by regional or local military commanders rather than by central authority. Based on this, the author???s initial analysis indicated that one should expect to see a diffusion of political authority from central leaders (whether civilian or military) to regional military leaders, when a society is engaged in the conduct of either COIN or guerrilla warfare. The problem investigated in this dissertation can therefore be stated thus: To what extent, at which levels of analysis and subject to what influencing factors does low-intensity warfare in Indonesia between 1945 and 1999 demonstrate a political power-diffusion effect? Procedures Followed. The procedure followed was a diachronic, qualitative, fieldwork-based analysis of two principle case studies: the Darul Islam insurgency in West Java 1948-1962 and the campaign in East Timor 1974-1999. Principle research tools were: ??? Semi-structured, formal, informal and group interviews. ??? Analysis of official and private archives in Australia, Indonesia, the Netherlands and the UK. ??? Participant observation using anthropological fieldwork techniques. ??? Geographical analysis using transects, basemapping and overhead imagery. ??? Demographic analysis using historical data, cartographic records and surveys. Research was conducted in Australia, Indonesia (Jakarta and Bandung), the Netherlands (The Hague and Amsterdam) and the United Kingdom (London, Winchester, Salisbury and Warminster). Fieldwork was conducted over three periods in West Java (1994, 1995 and 1996) and one period in East Timor (1999-2000). General Results Obtained. The two principal case studies were the Darul Islam insurgency in West Java 1948-62 and the campaign in East Timor since 1974. The fieldwork data showed that low-intensity warfare in Indonesia between 1945 and 1999 did indeed demonstrate the political power-diffusion effect posited by the author. This effect was triggered by the outbreak of guerrilla warfare, which itself flowed from crises generated by processes of modernisation and change within Indonesian society from traditional hierarchies to modern forms of social organisation. These crises were also affected by events at the systemic and regional levels of analysis ??? the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies by Japan, the Cold War, the Asian financial crisis and increasing economic and media globalisation. They resulted in a breakdown or weakening of formal power structures, allowing informal power structures to dominate. This in turn allowed local elites with economic, social or religious influence and with coercive power over the population, to develop political and military power at the local level while being subject to little control from higher levels. This process, then, represented a power diffusion from central and civilian leadership levels to local leaders with coercive means ??? most often military or insurgent leaders. Having been triggered by guerrilla operations, however, the direction and process by which such power diffusion operated was heavily influenced by contextual variables, of which the most important were geographical factors, political culture, traditional authority structures and the interaction of external variables at different levels of analysis. Topographical isolation, poor infrastructure, severe terrain, scattered population groupings and strong influence by traditional hierarchies tend to accelerate and exacerbate the loss of central control. Conversely good infrastructure, large population centres, good communications and a high degree of influence by nation-state and systemic levels of analysis ??? particularly through economic and governmental institutionalisation ??? tend to slow such diffusion. Moreover, while power may be diffusing at one level of analysis (e.g. nation-state) it may be centralising at another (e.g. into the hands of military leaders at local level). Analysis of the Malayan Emergency indicates that, in a comparable non-Indonesian historical example, the same general tendency to political power diffusion was evident and that the same broad contextual variables mediated it. However, it would be premature to conclude that the process observed in Indonesia is generally applicable. The nature and relative importance of contextual factors is likely to vary between examples and hence additional research on non-Indonesian examples would be necessary before such a conclusion could be drawn. Further research on a current instance of guerrilla operations in Indonesia is also essential before the broader contemporary applicability of these findings can be reliably demonstrated. Major Conclusions Reached. Based on the above, the theses developed to answer the initial problem can be stated thus: The command and control (C2) structures inherent in traditional, dispersed rural guerrilla movements that lack access to mass media or electronic communications tend to lessen the degree of control by central (military or political) leaders over regional leaders. If COIN or Internal Security Operations are conducted, two factors will operate. First, there will be an increase in the degree of control over the civil population by local military leaders, at the expense of local or central political leaders. Second, where military command structures are pyramidal or segmentary, there will be an increase in control by local commanders at the expense of central military leaders. Where the central government is civilian or has interests divergent from the military???s, the first of these factors will dominate. Where the government is military or has interests largely identical to those of the military, the second factor will be dominant. The process of power diffusion can thus be summarised as follows: A crisis driven by processes of societal change or by external causes, leads to the outbreak of violence, one facet of which may include guerrilla operations. If guerrilla operations do occur, the C2 structures inherent in such operations give a high degree of autonomy and independence to local military leaders. The same (or a contemporaneous) crisis produces a breakdown of formal power structures, causing organisations to fall back upon informal power structures. The nature of these informal power structures is determined by geography, political culture, patterns of traditional authority within the society and the degree of interaction of systemic/regional factors with local events. Thus the guerrilla operations and the concomitant breakdown in formal power structures form the trigger for political power diffusion. The precise nature and progress of this diffusion is then determined by contextual variables.

Esta dissertação trata dos conflitos entre distintos agentes sociais pelo espaço urbano na metrópole paulistana. Para tanto, descreve e analisa dois eventos ocorridos na região sudoeste: a compra de setenta barracos por parte de uma construtora na favela Jardim Panorama e uma reintegração de posse na favela Real Parque. Depreendem-se da descrição e da análise de ambos os eventos basicamente três fenômenos: o aprofundamento do processo de privatização da gestão urbana já observado em outros estudos, sobretudo na região sudoeste da metrópole; a reconfiguração do campo de conflito expresso na relativa diminuição da presença dos movimentos sociais urbanos e do poder público como agente mediador dos eventos em questão, que foram protagonizados por empresas, ONGs, advogados e movimento hip-hop; por fim, apresentam-se mecanismos de deslegitimação da população pobre como interlocutora. Para esta dissertação, esses conflitos constituem processos de segregação sócioespacial. / This dissertation deals with the conflicts between distinct social agents for the urban space in the São Paulo metropolis. In such a way it describes and analyzes two events occurred in the southwestern region: the purchase of seventy barracos (precarious dwelling) by a constructor in the slum quarter Jardim Panorama and a reintegration of ownership in the Real Parque slum quarter. From the description and the analysis of both events, we basically infer three phenomena: the deepening of the process of privatization of the observed urban management, already observed in other studies, specially in the southwestern region of the metropolis; the reconfiguration of the field of express conflict in the relative reduction of the presence of the urban social movements and the public power as mediating agent of the events in question, that had been carried out by private companies, NGOs, lawyers and hip-hop movement; and finally, mechanisms of disqualification of the poor population as interlocutor are presented. For this dissertation, these conflicts constitute processes of social-spatial segregation.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser l’existence de spécificités dans l’utilisation par les banques de la politique de dividende comme moyen de résolution des conflits d’intérêts. Il s’agit également de s’interroger sur l’opportunité d’une réglementation visant à imposer aux firmes le versement de dividendes, dans une perspective d’amélioration de la qualité de la gouvernance. Le premier chapitre analyse l’influence de deux conflits majeurs, dirigeants vs actionnaires et actionnaires vs créanciers. Il montre que les banques prennent en compte les deux types de conflits, la résolution des conflits entre actionnaires et dirigeants revêtant toutefois une importance prédominante. Les banques utilisent les dividendes comme un substitut à de faibles degrés de protection des droits des actionnaires et des créanciers. Le second chapitre explore ces conflits d’intérêt plus avant en analysant l’impact de la concentration de l’actionnariat et du degré d’opacité des banques. Que l’actionnariat soit dispersé ou concentré, un plus fort degré d’opacité favorise les comportements d’expropriation par les insiders (dirigeants ou actionnaires majoritaire) et conduit à des dividendes plus faibles. Un environnement institutionnel plus protecteur des droits des actionnaires ou un régime de supervision strict permettent de limiter l’expropriation. Une réglementation limitant le versement de dividendes, telle que définit dans Bâle III, pourraient renforcer de tels phénomènes. Le dernier chapitre s’interroge sur l’opportunité d’une réglementation de la politique des dividendes et s’intéresse au cas de l’Indonésie caractérisée un faible taux de versement et un faible degré de protection des actionnaires. En cohérence avec la théorie du cycle de vie, une telle réglementation devrait tenir compte du stade de développement de la firme et contraindre uniquement les firmes ayant atteint un stade de maturité, une réglementation uniforme de la politique de dividende n’étant donc pas souhaitable. / This dissertation aims first to investigate whether banks, which have unique characteristics, use dividends to reduce the agency conflicts between their different stakeholders. Another objective is to investigate if the implementation of a regulation of dividend policy is necessary to oblige firms to pay dividends for good governance purposes. In Chapter 1, we examine if bank managers use dividends to reduce agency cost of equity (managers vs. shareholders) and agency cost of debt (shareholders vs. creditors). We show that bank managers use dividends as substitute to weak legal protection and strike a balance in their dividend policy with however a more decisive role played by the agency cost of equity than the one of debt. Chapter 2 further explores if the degree of ownership concentration and the level of asymmetric information (opacity) faced by outsiders influence banks’ dividend payouts. In either concentrated or dispersed ownership structure insiders (managers or majority shareholders) pay lower dividends when the degree of opacity is high. In line with the entrenchment behavior for banks, insiders extract higher levels of private benefits when it might be more difficult to detect such opportunistic behavior. Higher level of shareholder protection and stronger supervisory regimes help to constrain such behavior. These findings have critical policy implications for the implementation of Basel 3 with restrictions on dividend payouts that might reinforce this entrenchment behavior. In the Chapter 3, we investigate if the implementation of a regulation to oblige firms to pay dividends for better governance is desirable. We consider the case of Indonesia, where the regulator plans to implement a mandatory regulation on dividends in a context of declining dividend payments and weak shareholder rights. The findings recommend that firms should only be required to pay dividends when they reach a certain development stage, and action should only be taken against those firms which do not pay dividends, although they should be able to. Overall, dividend policies should not be regulated by one-policy-for-all regulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SANDRA.pdf: 1542601 bytes, checksum: 9a7932c26ef346b96439ce50f823895a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work has as study object the learning and the personal development as main element for the development of the organizations that learn. The companies learn when the people who compose it are made use to learn, to develop its professional and personal abilities, its potentials and to line up its objectives of life with its careers. With a much more competitive market and sequences and continuous transformations in the world of the businesses, the organizations and the people have needed to adjust themselves to these changes. These new times require behavior changes, change in the way to think and to act, in all the spheres of the society. Inside of this context of transformations, it can be said that the management of people is one of the areas that more have suffered changes in recent years. The incessant search for the quality in the organizations, for the increase of the productivity, the profit of competitiveness and the excellence of the activities passes, impeder, for the management of people. Quality without the persistence of the human being does not exist. The work searches to approach the subject of as the personal development and professional of the human being it can contribute for the organization that learns, that is, as the people who learn (developing abilities and abilities) and lining up professional and personal life they can contribute with the growth of the organizations of the world contemporary. the work presents as objective generality to analyze the evolution of the individual learning and the personal development of the executives of Industry DIKLATEX, from one template that come being diligent in the organization , than it is to , lined to the objectives AND meats strategic from the company visa breed an organization than it is to he learns. The review accompanies the development from the PDI at the Diklatex among the meses as of July AND December as of 2006. The search he has shown , so much in theory as a in practice , the development from the apprentice plumber individual AND the development personal of the executives from the Industry DIKLATEX , from one template that come being diligent in the organization , than it is to , lined to the objectives AND metals strategic from the company , he comes fetching breed an organization than it is to he learns. The base methodological of the work is alicerçada well into research bibliographic AND I study as of I marry , as of dies descriptive exploratory , along analysis qualitative / O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento pessoal como elemento principal para o desenvolvimento das organizações que aprendem. As empresas aprendem quando as pessoas que a compõe estão dispostas a aprender, desenvolver suas competências, seus potenciais profissionais e pessoais e alinhar seus objetivos de vida com suas carreiras. Com um mercado muito mais competitivo e transformações seqüentes e contínuas no mundo dos negócios, as organizações e as pessoas tem precisado se adequar a estas mudanças. Esses novos tempos requerem mudanças de comportamento, mudança na maneira de pensar e agir, em todas as esferas da sociedade. Dentro desse contexto de transformações, pode-se dizer que a gestão de pessoas é uma das áreas que mais tem sofrido mudanças nos últimos anos. A busca incessante pela qualidade nas organizações, pelo aumento da produtividade, pelo ganho de competitividade e pela excelência das atividades passa, impreterivelmente, pela gestão de pessoas. Não existe qualidade sem o empenho do ser humano. O trabalho busca abordar o tema de como o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional do ser humano pode contribuir para a organização que aprende, ou seja, como as pessoas "que aprendem" (desenvolvendo competências e habilidades) e alinhando vida profissional e pessoal podem contribuir com o crescimento das organizações do mundo contemporâneo. O trabalho apresenta como objetivo geral analisar a evolução da aprendizagem individual e o desenvolvimento pessoal dos executivos da Indústria DIKLATEX, a partir de um modelo que vem sendo aplicado na organização, que, alinhado aos objetivos e metas estratégicas da empresa, visa criar uma organização que aprende. O estudo acompanhou o desenvolvimento do PDI na Diklatex entre os meses de julho e dezembro de 2006. A pesquisa demonstrou, tanto na teoria como na prática, a evolução da aprendizagem individual e o desenvolvimento pessoal dos executivos da Indústria DIKLATEX, a partir de um modelo que vem sendo aplicado na organização, que, alinhado aos objetivos e metas estratégicas da empresa, vem buscando criar uma organização que aprende. A base metodológica do trabalho está alicerçada em pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso, de cunhos descritivo exploratório, com análise qualitativa

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1470052 bytes, checksum: c36a75542c88cbbd9c76df344a41d626 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The presence of non-agricultural economic activities impacted the new rural Brazil. Tourism in particular has become more important, and its unmanaged exploitation were the cause of various environmental, social and cultural impacts. Tourism as a public policy, should have released the tensions produced by the current system of economic development, however, paradoxically, the activity has intensified social strife. The landscape at the origin of our research was the region of Lavras Novas - MG, which is inserted into the path of the Estrada Real, regionalization of a national public policy whose goal is to position Brazil among the important places for tourism in the world. The region of Lavras Novas is constantly changing due to the intensification of exploration of this activity in the last twenty years. "Neo-rural" groups coming from the cities are moving to the region to live from the tourism or sometimes only in search of the peace and tranquility offered by small villages. Through the Theory of Social Representations, we try to understand the different conceptions of the environment at stake in the social field of tourism, and investigate whether there are potential environmental conflicts between the actors involved in this activity. The field research took place between October and December 2011, when we conducted the surveys. The semi-structured interviews that we used as a method of data collection indicated the existence of tensions between the different social groups. It appeared clearly that the local population was globally satisfied with the progress made concerning the infrastructures. However, they also listed various problems that arose from the unmanaged development of the activity, including the contamination of water resources by sewage. The potential for environmental conflicts is also manifest in the loss of autonomy in decision making by the natives in favour of the group of entrepreneurs "from outside" who make the decisions for them. These neo-rural groups are endowed with a differentiated cultural, social and economic capital, which allows them to occupy a privileged position in the social structure of the field and thus dictate the rules and prevailing social representations. Important socio-cultural differences organize the forms of appropriation of natural resources represented by proposals for exploration diverging from those that are within reach of the local population. We noticed that another area of conflict is in the discrepancy between the groups of social imaginaries about the perception of the xii region. The configuration of territoriality resulting from these different views have moved the groups in the region in search of hegemony by the dominant social representations. The State is also involved in the social field with its expectations and responsibilities in terms of public policy, and as a mediator for the conflicts. Its positioning sometimes comes as an aggravating factor for tensions. So what we find is that there are several interests surrounding the countryside in Lavras Novas, confronting expectations and lifestyles of different social groups that do not always coexist peacefully. / A presença de atividades econômicas não agrícolas marcam o novo rural brasileiro. Entre elas ganha espaço o turismo, cuja exploração desordenada tem causado ao campo impactos ambientais, sociais e culturais diversos. O turismo enquanto política pública teria como foco amenizar as tensões produzidas pelo atual sistema de desenvolvimento econômico, entretanto, paradoxalmente, a atividade vem intensificando contendas sociais. A paisagem que deu origem a nossa pesquisa foi o distrito de Lavras Novas MG, o qual se encontra inserido no percurso da Estrada Real, regionalização de uma política pública nacional a qual tem como objetivo colocar o Brasil entre os espaços mundiais de turismo. O distrito de Lavras Novas está em constante transformação devido à intensificação da exploração da atividade nos últimos vinte anos. Grupos neo-rurais de origem urbana se dirigem para o distrito para a exploração econômica do turismo ou mesmo em busca de paz e tranqüilidade oferecidas pelos pequenos vilarejos. Por meio da Teoria das Representações Sociais, buscamos compreender as concepções distintas de meio ambiente em jogo no campo social do turismo, procurando investigar se existem potenciais de conflitos ambientais entre os atores envolvidos com a exploração da atividade. A pesquisa de campo ocorreu entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2011, quando realizamos os levantamentos. Como método de coleta de dados lançamos mão de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as quais apontaram a existência de tensões diversas entre os grupos sociais. Ficou claro que a população local está satisfeita com os ganhos em infra-estrutura. Porém, enumera os vários problemas surgidos do desenvolvimento desordenado da atividade, dentre eles a contaminação de cursos hídricos por esgoto sanitário. O potencial de conflitos ambientais evidencia-se ainda na perda da autonomia nas decisões por parte dos nativos para o grupo de empresários de fora que tomam para si as determinações. Esses grupos neo-rurais são dotados de capital cultural, social e econômico diferenciados o que lhes permite ocupar uma posição privilegiada na estrutura social do campo e assim, ditar as regras e as representações sociais imperantes. Diferenças sócioculturais marcantes organizam as formas de apropriação dos recursos naturais representadas por propostas de exploração divergentes daquelas que estão ao alcance da população local. Percebemos que mais um foco de conflito está na discrepância dos imaginários sociais quanto à imagem assumida pelo distrito entre os grupos. A configuração de territorialidades resultantes das visões de mundo tem movimentado os grupos no distrito em busca da hegemonia pelas representações sociais dominantes. No campo social existe ainda a posição do Estado com suas expectativas e responsabilidades quanto à política pública e enquanto mediador do conflito. O posicionamento do Estado frente às contendas é, por vezes, um agravante para as tensões. Portanto, o que verificamos é que são diversos os interesses envolvendo a paisagem rural em Lavras Novas, confrontando anseios e modos de vida de grupos sociais diversos o que nem sempre coexiste de forma pacífica.