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Direitos sociais em juízo: da falta de efetividade à falta de parâmetros de julgamentoSampaio, Fernando de Almeida Prado 17 September 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-17 / The objective of this study is to analyze the problem of the effectiveness (or
ineffectiveness) of economic and social rights in Brazil considering the legal
understanding of our Courts.
The work is divided into five chapters, the second being related to the
emergence and historical development of economic and social rights; the third showing
the search for effectiveness and possible legalization of same (especially by CESCR);
the fourth showing the possibility of legalization in Brazil, as well as operational
problems and interpretative nature of this possibility and, by last, a concluding fifth
chapter / O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o problema da efetividade (ou falta de
efetividade) de direitos econômicos e sociais no Brasil à luz do entendimento
jurisprudencial de nossos Tribunais.
O trabalho é dividido em cinco capítulos, sendo o segundo referente ao
surgimento e à evolução histórica dos direitos econômicos e sociais; o terceiro
demonstra a busca de efetividade e possibilidade de judicialização dos mesmos
(especialmente pelo Comitê DESC); o quarto mostra a possibilidade de judicialização
no Brasil, bem como os problemas de natureza operacional e interpretativa dessa
possibilidade e, por fim, o quinto capítulo, a conclusão
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Direitos culturais e o utilitarismo liberal de John Stuart MillGuimarães, Fernando Gavronski January 2011 (has links)
A presente dissertação trata do problema dos direitos culturais sob a ótica do utilitarismo liberal de John Stuart Mill. Objetiva-se a inserção da filosofia política do autor nas discussões que vêm sendo travadas nas últimas décadas por liberais e comunitaristas a partir da colocação do problema filosófico da identidade. Para tanto, busca-se desfazer frequentes equívocos e apresentar uma leitura integrada da filosofia de Mill com base na análise criteriosa de seus escritos, auxiliada por seus mais eminentes intérpretes. Pretende-se demonstrar que é de uma fundamental e prévia compreensão utilitarista, bem como de uma particular posição acerca do modo de acesso à verdade, que decorrem as convicções liberais e a centralidade da autonomia individual em seu pensamento. Estabelecidas essas premissas, verifica-se que o estado milliano, ao dispensar a convicção na neutralidade da esfera pública que decorre do pensamento liberal contratualista usualmente professado, mostra-se compatível em tese com a tarefa de garantir direitos culturais. Ao mesmo tempo em que sua visão ampla acerca dos bens que contribuem para a felicidade é capaz de posicionar a cultura no cálculo hedonístico individual, com reflexos na quantificação da utilidade em vista da felicidade geral, a defesa de Mill da autonomia e da diversidade parece poder justificar uma especial atenção ao contexto social que sirva para a expressão máxima da individualidade. / This dissertation deals with the problem of cultural rights from the viewpoint of the liberal utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill. It intends to include the author‘s political philosophy in the debates that have been held in recent decades between liberals and communitarians starting from the approach of the philosophical problem of identity. To this end, we try to undo common misconceptions and provide an integrated reading of Mill's philosophy based on careful analysis of his writings, aided by his most eminent interpreters. We attempt to demonstrate that it is based on a previous fundamental adhesion to utilitarianism, as well as from a particular position regarding the access to the truth, that arise the liberal convictions and the centrality of autonomy in his doctrine. Given these premises, we could find that the Millian state, exempting the assumption on the neutrality of public sphere derived from the liberal contractarian doctrine usually professed, reveals itself theoretically compatible with the task of guaranteeing cultural rights. Whilst Mill‘s broad view regarding goods that contribute to happiness is capable of dragging culture into the hedonistic calculus, which affects the measurement of utility over general happiness, his defense of autonomy and diversity seems to justify a special attention to social context which maximize the expression of individuality.
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A Little Room of Hope: Feminist Participatory Action Research with "Homeless" WomenParadis, Emily Katherine 25 February 2010 (has links)
In April 2005, a group of women gathered for a human rights workshop at a Toronto drop-in centre for women experiencing homelessness, poverty, and isolation. One year later, the group sent a representative to address the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This dissertation describes and analyzes the feminist participatory action research-intervention project that began with the workshop and led to the United Nations. Over the course of 15 months, more than 50 participants attended weekly meetings at the drop-in. They learned about social and economic rights, testified about their experiences of human rights violations, and planned and undertook actions to respond to and resist homelessness. This thesis draws upon observations of meetings, documents produced by the group, and interviews with thirteen of the participants, in order to examine the project from a number of angles. First, the project suggests a new understanding of women’s homelessness: testimonies and interviews reveal that homelessness is not only a material state, but more importantly a social process of disenfranchisement enacted through relations of harm, threat, control, surveillance, precarity and dehumanization. Understanding homelessness as a social process enables an analysis of its operations within and for a dominant social and economic order structured by colonization and neoliberal globalization. Secondly, the thesis takes up participants’ assessments of the project’s political effectiveness and its impacts on their well-being and empowerment, and reads these against the researcher’s experiences with the project, in order to explore how feminist participatory methodologies can contribute to resistance. Finally, the thesis concludes with recommendations for theory, research, service provision, and human rights advocacy on women’s homelessness.
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A Little Room of Hope: Feminist Participatory Action Research with "Homeless" WomenParadis, Emily Katherine 25 February 2010 (has links)
In April 2005, a group of women gathered for a human rights workshop at a Toronto drop-in centre for women experiencing homelessness, poverty, and isolation. One year later, the group sent a representative to address the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This dissertation describes and analyzes the feminist participatory action research-intervention project that began with the workshop and led to the United Nations. Over the course of 15 months, more than 50 participants attended weekly meetings at the drop-in. They learned about social and economic rights, testified about their experiences of human rights violations, and planned and undertook actions to respond to and resist homelessness. This thesis draws upon observations of meetings, documents produced by the group, and interviews with thirteen of the participants, in order to examine the project from a number of angles. First, the project suggests a new understanding of women’s homelessness: testimonies and interviews reveal that homelessness is not only a material state, but more importantly a social process of disenfranchisement enacted through relations of harm, threat, control, surveillance, precarity and dehumanization. Understanding homelessness as a social process enables an analysis of its operations within and for a dominant social and economic order structured by colonization and neoliberal globalization. Secondly, the thesis takes up participants’ assessments of the project’s political effectiveness and its impacts on their well-being and empowerment, and reads these against the researcher’s experiences with the project, in order to explore how feminist participatory methodologies can contribute to resistance. Finally, the thesis concludes with recommendations for theory, research, service provision, and human rights advocacy on women’s homelessness.
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Le développement normatif et institutionnel relatif aux peuples autochtones en droit international au regard des fondements de leurs revendications politiques : le droit à l'autodétermination comme théorie unificatrice?Courtemanche, Alexandre 12 1900 (has links)
Le présent mémoire se consacre à la question des revendications normatives des peuples autochtones en droit international. On y constate que la reconnaissance de ces dernières représente un défi important autant pour les institutions internationales que pour la philosophie libérale qui en constitue le fondement. Cette reconnaissance sera graduellement admise par les institutions internationales majeures préoccupées par les droits humains. Un corpus normatif international spécifique et exclusif aux autochtones sera ainsi développé pour répondre à leurs aspirations et besoins.
La définition de l’identité autochtone permet d’exposer cette particularité de
traitement des autochtones en droit international. Elle se fonde sur deux axes. Le premier est culturel, suggérant une différence autochtone fondée sur une conception holistique du monde, laquelle est intimement liée au territoire. Le deuxième axe est historique; il fait appel à une longue présence sur un lieu, parfois qualifiée d’immémoriale, en tous les cas antérieure au contact avec un envahisseur qui mènera à leur situation actuelle de marginalisation. Ces fondements identitaires se trouvent à la source des justifications des revendications normatives autochtones. Cependant, ces fondements posent des problèmes de qualification difficiles à concilier avec la diversité des bénéficiaires des droits des autochtones. Ils entraînent également des difficultés
importantes au regard de la théorie politique, laquelle s’efforce de réconcilier les revendications autochtones avec le libéralisme et les structures politiques actuelles. Une réconciliation entre les peuples autochtones et les États soulève en effet de délicates questions de légitimité et de justice. Afin d’éviter les pièges d’une autochtonie confinée dans un paradigme culturel et historique, S. J. Anaya propose le concept d’autodétermination comme fondement unique des revendications autochtones. Ce concept doit cependant lui-même faire face à un défi de conciliation avec les structures politiques existantes. Nous verrons que s’il permet de poser les jalons d’une nouvelle relation politique, le droit à l’autodétermination des peuples autochtones semble cependant incapable de dépasser les fondements de la culture et de l’histoire inhérents à l’identité autochtone. / This essay is dedicated to the issue of the normative claims of indigenous peoples in international law. It exposes the significant challenge that the recognition of
these normative claims represent for both international institutions and the liberal
philosophy which is at its foundation. This recognition will be gradually accepted by
major international institutions concerned with human rights. An international body of
standards specifically dedicated to aboriginal aspirations and needs will thus be
developed.
The definition of indigenous identity exposes the justifications for a particular
treatment of indigenous peoples in international law. It is based on two axes. The first one is cultural, suggesting a difference based on a holistic view that aboriginals have of the world which is intimately linked to land. The second axis is historical, supposing a long territorial presence, sometimes referred to as immemorial, which is prior to a contact with an invader that will eventually lead to their marginalization. These foundations of indigenous identity are at the source of the justification of indigenous normative claims. However, these foundations pose problems of characterization which are difficult to reconcile with the diversity of indigenous rights beneficiaries. They also
pose significant difficulties in terms of political theory, which seeks to reconcile
aboriginal claims with liberalism and contemporary political structures. Undeniably, reconciliation between indigenous peoples and states raises difficult questions of legitimacy and justice.
To avoid the risks of an «indigeneity» trapped in a cultural-historical paradigm,
S. J. Anaya proposes the concept of self-determination as the sole basis of aboriginal claims. This concept, however, must itself meet a challenge of reconciliation with the existing political structures. We shall see that even if it does help to lay the basis for a new political relationship, the right to self-determination of indigenous peoples seems unable to overcome the foundations of culture and history associated with aboriginal identity. / "Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maître en droit". Commentaires du jury : "Le jury tient à souligner que le mémoire dépasse largement les attentes pour un mémoire de maîtrise, tant pour ce qui concerne la recherche que pour l'envergure de la réflexion. Le candidat a un potentiel certain pour entreprendre des études doctorales. Il a également le mérite d'avoir utilisé avec succès une approche interdisciplinaire. Son mémoire mériterait d'être publié en tenant compte des commentaires qui lui seront transmis par son directeur."
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Palhaços: poética e política nas ruas: direito à cultura e à cidadeSantos, Flavio Aniceto dos 15 April 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-15 / This research focuses on the state of cultural performances in public forums in the city of Rio de Janeiro, referred to as Public Art, after the effects of the Street Artist Law from June 2012, which guarantees the free use of urban spaces for these artistic performers and officially recognizes them. Taking that into perspective, we propose a reflection on the possible contradictions between the cultural mediation we believe to be intrinsic to these movements and the institutionalization that comes from this law. The study of said mediation also intends to point out other forms of social integration found in the planning of cultural policies. The investigation's primary target was the professional clowns who perform in the streets, squares, parks, communities and other public forums in the city. / O presente trabalho analisou ações culturais em logradouros públicos do município do Rio de Janeiro, atualmente chamadas de Arte Pública, no contexto posterior a promulgação em junho de 2012 da Lei do Artista de Rua, que garante o uso livre do espaço urbano para as apresentações artísticas destes grupos e artistas e reconhece oficialmente estas manifestações. A partir deste quadro a pesquisa se propõe a refletir sobre as possíveis contradições entre a mediação cultural que acreditamos ser inerente a este segmento e a institucionalização decorrente desta lei. O estudo da mediação visou ainda pensar em outras formas de participação social no planejamento das políticas culturais. A investigação foi feita prioritariamente com palhaços profissionais que atuem nas ruas, praças, comunidades e outras áreas públicas do município.
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A organização social e o acesso à cultura: o caso das bibliotecas parque do Estado do Rio de JaneiroZugliani, Luiz Fernando 30 March 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / Esta dissertação procura analisar qual a contribuição das Organizações Sociais para o acesso a direitos culturais, a partir da experiência das Bibliotecas Parque do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, em especial a de Manguinhos e a da Rocinha. Ciente de que as formas de cooperação para a efetivação de direitos culturais são múltiplas e que precisam ser pensadas a partir da inter-relação de vários atores e aspectos, todas invariavelmente necessitam desaguar em molduras de gestão viabilizadoras do acesso à cultura. A pesquisa adota o método do estudo de caso, valendo-se de pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Apresenta o cenário de construção dos direitos culturais, em larga expansão no Brasil, e destaca que, para materializá-los, torna-se necessário estudar, avaliar e adotar modelos organizacionais alternativos aos tradicionais que caracterizam a administração pública direta e indireta. Aborda o campo da gestão e dos direitos culturais no contexto das três principais reformas do aparelho do Estado Republicano, ocorridas nas décadas de 30, 60 e 90, com ênfase na última, que incorpora a teoria da Nova Gestão Pública, base desta dissertação. Focaliza a Organização Social como modelo opcional à gestão de instituições ou programas culturais, a partir da realidade existente, das motivações, das vantagens e das perspectivas e aduz uma narrativa acerca do processo de concepção da legislação do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Verifica como surgiram esses equipamentos culturais e como se deu a formação da rede de Bibliotecas Parque. Descreve o processo de implantação das Organizações Sociais de Cultura no estado e apresenta o gestor das bibliotecas e sua relação com a secretaria de Cultura. Conclui que há necessidade de aperfeiçoamento de mecanismos de gestão, a fim de que o modelo possa, de fato, oferecer contribuição para o acesso a direitos culturais. / This dissertation seeks to analyze the contribution of Social Organizations to cultural rights access, based on the experience of Libraries Park of the State of Rio de Janeiro, especially those located in Manguinhos and Rocinha. Aware that forms of cooperation to the realization of cultural rights are manifold and need to be designed from the interrelation of various players and aspects, all invariably need to flow into management frames that enable the access to culture. The research adopts the case study method, making use of bibliographic, documentary and field research. These findings introduce the construction scenario of cultural rights to a large expansion in Brazil, and highlight that to materialize them, it is necessary to study, evaluate and adopt alternative rather than traditional organizational characterizing the direct and indirect public administration. This document addresses the field of management and cultural rights in the context of the three major reforms of the Republican State apparatus, which occurred in the 30, 60 and 90, with emphasis on the latter, which incorporates the theory of New Public Management, the basis of this thesis. Focus is on the OS as an optional model for the management of cultural facilities, from the existing reality, motivations, strengths and perspectives and adds a narrative about the design process of the laws of the State of Rio de Janeiro. The research checks how these cultural facilities emerged and how the network formation of Park Libraries occurred. It describes the process of implementation of the Culture Social Organizations in the state and has the manager of libraries and their relationship with the Secretariat of Culture. It concludes that there is need to improve management mechanisms, so that the model can, in fact, provide contribution to access to cultural rights.
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Direitos culturais e o utilitarismo liberal de John Stuart MillGuimarães, Fernando Gavronski January 2011 (has links)
A presente dissertação trata do problema dos direitos culturais sob a ótica do utilitarismo liberal de John Stuart Mill. Objetiva-se a inserção da filosofia política do autor nas discussões que vêm sendo travadas nas últimas décadas por liberais e comunitaristas a partir da colocação do problema filosófico da identidade. Para tanto, busca-se desfazer frequentes equívocos e apresentar uma leitura integrada da filosofia de Mill com base na análise criteriosa de seus escritos, auxiliada por seus mais eminentes intérpretes. Pretende-se demonstrar que é de uma fundamental e prévia compreensão utilitarista, bem como de uma particular posição acerca do modo de acesso à verdade, que decorrem as convicções liberais e a centralidade da autonomia individual em seu pensamento. Estabelecidas essas premissas, verifica-se que o estado milliano, ao dispensar a convicção na neutralidade da esfera pública que decorre do pensamento liberal contratualista usualmente professado, mostra-se compatível em tese com a tarefa de garantir direitos culturais. Ao mesmo tempo em que sua visão ampla acerca dos bens que contribuem para a felicidade é capaz de posicionar a cultura no cálculo hedonístico individual, com reflexos na quantificação da utilidade em vista da felicidade geral, a defesa de Mill da autonomia e da diversidade parece poder justificar uma especial atenção ao contexto social que sirva para a expressão máxima da individualidade. / This dissertation deals with the problem of cultural rights from the viewpoint of the liberal utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill. It intends to include the author‘s political philosophy in the debates that have been held in recent decades between liberals and communitarians starting from the approach of the philosophical problem of identity. To this end, we try to undo common misconceptions and provide an integrated reading of Mill's philosophy based on careful analysis of his writings, aided by his most eminent interpreters. We attempt to demonstrate that it is based on a previous fundamental adhesion to utilitarianism, as well as from a particular position regarding the access to the truth, that arise the liberal convictions and the centrality of autonomy in his doctrine. Given these premises, we could find that the Millian state, exempting the assumption on the neutrality of public sphere derived from the liberal contractarian doctrine usually professed, reveals itself theoretically compatible with the task of guaranteeing cultural rights. Whilst Mill‘s broad view regarding goods that contribute to happiness is capable of dragging culture into the hedonistic calculus, which affects the measurement of utility over general happiness, his defense of autonomy and diversity seems to justify a special attention to social context which maximize the expression of individuality.
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Economia criativa e organizações virtuais : modelo para o financiamento de empreendimentos culturais no Brasil / Creative economy and virtual organizations: model for financing cultural projects in BrazilCavalheiro, Ricardo Alves 15 February 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aimed to propose a complementary model of fundraising, using the contemporary method called Crowdfunding, in order to enhance the cultural policies and democratize the decision-making process of decision making about the use of public resources Brazilian State, with participation and social control, in harmony with the Brazilian Law. The research strategy used is multicase study, die predominantly qualitative and descriptive, procedural, contextual insight, using the method of historical-interpretive research. Data were collected through documentary research collection in regards to national and international affairs proposed, unstructured interviews with cultural entrepreneurs and by participant observation at conferences, meetings of the national cultural sector, with direct observation and the theoretical and practical pertaining to Cultural Rights, Public Cultural Policies, Creative Economy, Cultural Entrepreneurship, Virtual Organizations and Crowdfunding, in order to subsidize the contextualist analysis provided by the method of Pettigrew (1987). The analysis of the process of change occurring in the emergence of methodologies capture Rouanet and Crowdfunding was made by classifying and grouping the strategic agents, enabling the identification of the following dimensions of change: Brazilian State, Cultural Entrepreneurs, Organizations and Society civil. Based upon the results, it was proposed a platform for cultural funding directed to individuals able to promote the empowerment of civil society, with respect to national leadership in cultural production, particularly in defining the targets of application of public resources as the effectiveness of Brazilian cultural policies / O presente trabalho possui o objetivo de propor um modelo complementar de captação de recursos utilizando o método contemporâneo de financiamento colaborativo denominado Crowdfunding, visando potencializar as políticas públicas culturais bem como democratizar o processo decisório na resolução sobre a aplicação dos recursos públicos do Estado Brasileiro com participação e controle social, em harmonia com a Lei Rouanet. A estratégia de investigação utilizada é de estudo multicasos, de cunho predominantemente qualitativo e descritivo, em uma visão contextual-processual, utilizando-se do método de investigação histórico-interpretativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de pesquisa documental no acervo nacional e internacional atinente aos assuntos propostos, de entrevistas não estruturadas com empreendedores culturais e pela observação participante em conferências, assembleias e reuniões do setor cultural nacional, além da observação direta e dos fundamentos teóricos e práticos concernentes aos Direitos Culturais, Políticas Públicas Culturais, Economia Criativa, Empreendedorismo Cultural, Organizações Virtuais, e Crowdfunding, no intuito de subsidiar a análise contextualista proporcionada pelo método de Pettigrew (1987). A análise do processo de mudança ocorrida no surgimento das metodologias de captação da Lei Rouanet e do Crowdfunding foi feita por meio da classificação e do agrupamento dos agentes estratégicos, possibilitando a identificação das seguintes dimensões de mudança: Estado, Empreendedores Culturais, Organizações e Sociedade Civil. Embasando-se no resultado disso, propôs-se uma plataforma de financiamento cultural direcionada às pessoas físicas, capaz de promover a emancipação da sociedade civil no que tange à tomada das rédeas da produção cultural nacional, em especial, na definição dos destinos de aplicação, tanto dos recursos públicos quanto da efetivação das políticas culturais brasileira
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Direitos culturais e o utilitarismo liberal de John Stuart MillGuimarães, Fernando Gavronski January 2011 (has links)
A presente dissertação trata do problema dos direitos culturais sob a ótica do utilitarismo liberal de John Stuart Mill. Objetiva-se a inserção da filosofia política do autor nas discussões que vêm sendo travadas nas últimas décadas por liberais e comunitaristas a partir da colocação do problema filosófico da identidade. Para tanto, busca-se desfazer frequentes equívocos e apresentar uma leitura integrada da filosofia de Mill com base na análise criteriosa de seus escritos, auxiliada por seus mais eminentes intérpretes. Pretende-se demonstrar que é de uma fundamental e prévia compreensão utilitarista, bem como de uma particular posição acerca do modo de acesso à verdade, que decorrem as convicções liberais e a centralidade da autonomia individual em seu pensamento. Estabelecidas essas premissas, verifica-se que o estado milliano, ao dispensar a convicção na neutralidade da esfera pública que decorre do pensamento liberal contratualista usualmente professado, mostra-se compatível em tese com a tarefa de garantir direitos culturais. Ao mesmo tempo em que sua visão ampla acerca dos bens que contribuem para a felicidade é capaz de posicionar a cultura no cálculo hedonístico individual, com reflexos na quantificação da utilidade em vista da felicidade geral, a defesa de Mill da autonomia e da diversidade parece poder justificar uma especial atenção ao contexto social que sirva para a expressão máxima da individualidade. / This dissertation deals with the problem of cultural rights from the viewpoint of the liberal utilitarianism of John Stuart Mill. It intends to include the author‘s political philosophy in the debates that have been held in recent decades between liberals and communitarians starting from the approach of the philosophical problem of identity. To this end, we try to undo common misconceptions and provide an integrated reading of Mill's philosophy based on careful analysis of his writings, aided by his most eminent interpreters. We attempt to demonstrate that it is based on a previous fundamental adhesion to utilitarianism, as well as from a particular position regarding the access to the truth, that arise the liberal convictions and the centrality of autonomy in his doctrine. Given these premises, we could find that the Millian state, exempting the assumption on the neutrality of public sphere derived from the liberal contractarian doctrine usually professed, reveals itself theoretically compatible with the task of guaranteeing cultural rights. Whilst Mill‘s broad view regarding goods that contribute to happiness is capable of dragging culture into the hedonistic calculus, which affects the measurement of utility over general happiness, his defense of autonomy and diversity seems to justify a special attention to social context which maximize the expression of individuality.
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