Syftet med studien var att förstå arbetsgivarsidans syn på förhållandet till fackliga organisationer och undersöka huruvida detta förhållande förklarar varför den svenska modellen fungerar så bra som den gör. För att uppnå målet med studiens ställdes följande frågeställningar: Hur ser arbetsgivarrepresentanter på förhållandet till fackförbund? Hur bidrar arbetsgivarrepresentanternas syn på fackförbunden till den svenska modellens framgång och fortlevnad? För att besvara dessa frågeställningar genomfördes sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med arbetsgivarrepresentanter i Stockholms största företag. Dessa resultat analyserades mot ett teoretiskt ramverk från tre tongivande sociologers gemensamma beröringspunkter kring kollektiva idéer. Tidigare studier inom området har dominerats av kvantitativ forskning om hur arbetsgivare sett på fackförbund i förhandlingssammanhang. Denna uppsats avser därmed att fylla en kunskapslucka av en djupare förståelse för arbetsgivarrepresentanters syn på fackförbund. Resultaten från studien visar på att arbetsgivarrepresentanterna främst har en positiv syn på förhållandet till fackförbunden, men att det även finnas aspekter där de ser problem.  Den positiva synen tenderar också att bidra till den svenska modellens framgång och fortlevnad. Det förekommer däremot resultat som visar på motsatsen. Det finns därmed ett behov av vidare studier inom området för att reda ut det tvetydliga resultaten.

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Abstract Uppsatsens övergripande fråga handlar om hur de två Gävlebaserade lokaltidningarna Arbetarbladet och Gefle Dagblad har konstruerat #metoo-uppropet samt kvinnor och män? Artiklarna som analyserats var publicerade under perioden oktober 2017 till och med mars 2018. Det empiriska materialet bestod av sexton utvalda artiklar. I ett första steg analyserades det empiriska materialet utifrån vad i #metoo-uppropet som uppmärksammats av tidningarna. I nästa steg detaljstuderades artiklarna utifrån mönster som delats in i teman. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna var doxa och journalistik. Efter genomförd analys visades att #metoo-uppropet framkom med teman och aspekter om sexuella trakasserier, makt och jämställdhet. I majoriteten av de analyserade artiklarna kan vi konstatera att uppropet #metoo främst handlar om aspekter om makt och minst om aspekter om sexuella trakasserier. Aspekter om jämställdhet lyftes i fyra av sexton artiklar.

This retroductive study aims to examine in what way paradoxes figure in contemporary political discourse, and what political effects arise therefrom. To this end, the study will address an extreme example – Swedish right-wing nationalism - which often is accused of being paradoxical; for example, when right-wing nationalistic discourse – often explicitly anti-feminist – begins to appropriate a feminist analysis in order to engage in contemporary political events. Such was the case when news of what happened in Cologne on New Year’s 2015/2016 reached Sweden. An important theoretical framework for this study is Michael Billig’s Ideological Dilemmas, and his theories on common sense and intellectual- versus lived ideology. According to Billig ‘doxa’ constitutes various contradictory values, and in this way, doxa is inherently paradoxical. Therefore, in order to understand and define the figure paradox, first we need to investigate how our own liberal doxa operate paradoxically, and what are both the rhetorical and political implications of the paradoxes constitutive of liberal common sense. The analysis of this study suggests that liberal discourse has, to a certain degree, facilitated the growth and effectiveness of right-wing nationalist discourse that has drawn on cultural differences as a permissible ground for a debate surrounding the future of western liberal principles and the defence of women’s rights.

Denna uppsats ämnar studera en interkulturell förhandling mellan två parter från Sverige respektive Tanzania. Ur ett retoriskt perspektiv undersöks hur förhandlingsparterna, i denna specifika förhandling, följer Hellspongs interkulturella förhandlingsideal respektive inte, utifrån en analys av attityd och actio. Intressanta sekvenser väljs ut som visar parternas utmärkande drag som sedan transkriberas och analyseras. Slutsatserna visas sedan genom analysens helhet.Resultatet blev att vid de olika förhandlingspunkterna började oftast den part yttra sig som upplevde en viss irritation över att något inte fungerat. Därefter fördes en diskussion om förhandlingspunkten som ledde till att någon eller några av delegaterna var extra uppmärksamma på den interkulturella kommunikationen vilket i sin tur ledde till en rörlighet hos individerna till att se förhandlingsärendet ur ett nytt perspektiv. Därmed kunde parterna finna nya nämnare i problematiken som kunde mynna ut i en ömsesidig förståelse och en eventuell förändrad överenskommelse.

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier la fluidité et la mélancolie dans la production textuelle de l’écrivaine argentine Alejandra Pizarnik (1936-1972). La problématique ontologique se dégage de la production de Pizarnik : la complétude de l’être doit se faire dans un espace unifié, assimilé principalement à la triade enfance-centre-jardin.Notre thèse soutient que la complétude ontologique se réalise dans l’espace du pur devenir deleuzien, du paradoxe des deux sens à la fois. Le caractère névrosé du sujet Pizarnik s’ajoute à cette affirmation. Le motif du vent est cardinal dans notre étude, car c’est l’instance qui est présente à la fois dans la notion de fluidité et dans celle de mélancolie. Nous abordons le motif du vent dans la production textuelle de Pizarnik et ses liens avec la mélancolie sous l’angle du Problème XXX,1 d’Aristote. / The purpose of this doctoral dissertation is to analyze the fluidity and melancholia in the textual production of the Argentinean writer Alejandra Pizarnik (1936-1972). The ontological problematic ooze from Pizarnik’s production: the completeness of the being should be achieved in a unified space, which is assimilated to the triad childhood-garden-centre.Our work states that the ontological completeness is made possible in the space of the pure deleuzian becoming, in the paradox of the both senses at once. The neurotic aspect of the Pizarnik subject adds to this affirmation. The theme of the wind is of first importance for our study, because it is the authority that is in the notion of fluidity and in the notion of melancholia. We will approach the theme of the wind in Pizarnik’s textual production and their links with melancholia under the aspect of Aristotle’s Problem XXX,1.

The focus of this study is on invasion games in the lessons of physical educationduring high school. Earlier studies shows that invasion games in physical educationare faced with certain challenges, as they are usually interpreted with different ideasof what the game should be like as written by the association of sports. Therefore, itis difficult for both teachers and students to understand what to focus on whilelearning the invasion games.The purpose of this study is to investigate the students´ experiences of what theythink invasion games in physical education is about and also to analyze from theirexperience what they should be learning in invasion games in during their highschool. The theoretical approach in this study is in reference to Bourdieu´sconcepts of habitus, the logic of practice and doxa. To find this out a qualitativemethod has been used in form of interviews.The results of the study are divided into four categories, these are; how to play thegame, how to move, how to do something you can or cannot, and students´ ownideas about teaching invasion games. The students that participated in the studyshows that invasion games are something one either can or cannot do. There is nomiddle ground. The students feel that there is no clear purpose of learning aboutinvasion games, although it is a fun part of physical education. The students whoplay invasion game on their spare time do not find the lessons useful, as far asdeveloping their skills in invasion games is concerned.The results of this study also show that majority of the participating studentsappreciate invasion games in spontaneous teaching manner where previousexperience and conditions do not matter. This results to majority being active duringthe lessons. The results also show that students have difficulty in verbally expressingwhat invasion games teach them.

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This study explores the field of social work values in the social work profession. The aim of the study is to explore how social work values are related to empowerment practices and organizational structures inside the social work field. By using the perspective of empowerment and professional doxa these structures inside the social work field are explored in interviews with nine social workers. These nine interviews show how social workers relate to values insides their profession, how empowerment practices are done, and what kind of organizational conflicts social workers may experience. By using the perspectives of empowerment and professional doxa the interviews been analysed and connected to both local and global concerns for the social work field. Many professional conflicts were found by taking these perspectives that are discussed in this study, as for example role conflicts social workers could experience. Other conflicts were those of structural failures that caused harm to client contacts and economic factors that were deemed more important for organizations than good client outcomes.

This essay examines how responsibility and actions related to climate-related issues are framed inthe media. There is a gap between the public’s attitudes and their actions on climate issues, and this essay aims to broaden the understanding of said gap. The goal is to contribute to the understanding of the public’s reasoning and doxa regarding the responsibility for action on climate issues. The essay is comparative and analyses articles from 2018 and 2021 in four of Sweden’s biggest newspapers. The articles were published on the same day the IPCC reports were published. The IPCC reports are of critical importance to highlight the extent of the current climate crisis. Therefore, the reports contain actual news value and could both influence and contribute to the understanding of how we collectively reason around the necessary actions and responsibilities we bear in regard to the climate. The essay is based on framing theory, topostheory, and theory on doxa. The methods used are framing analysis and close textual reading. Theresults of this study give insight into the fact that the actors assigned responsibility are many and ambiguous. The ambiguous collective “we”, “Sweden” and “the rest of the world”, are the threeagents assigned most responsibility to act. The actions they are assigned are broad and mostly on a global scale, while there is a change of framing in the newspapers from 2018 to 2021. The impact of the framing on the collective doxa and the gap between attitudes and action arediscussed in the essay but more research is needed on the topic. The conclusion of this essay is that we as individuals tend to put a great deal of responsibility on others and the actions to be taken are too challenging for individuals to manage. This along with vague calls for action and a lack of connection between different agents’ actions and how they affect each other couldcontribute to an understanding of why we do not do more about climate-related issues.