Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-13T19:11:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Felipe B. Lacerda_.pdf: 11308792 bytes, checksum: e495a51d7458a5f4bae503b30de9519f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T19:11:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Felipe B. Lacerda_.pdf: 11308792 bytes, checksum: e495a51d7458a5f4bae503b30de9519f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / A tese parte de determinada análise sócio-histórica da Amazônia ao questionar: Como o Estado brasileiro tem estabelecido relações com os povos nativos da Floresta? Quais as implicações das intervenções propagadas pelo Estado e demais entidades de apoio nesses territórios? De que maneira e com que estratégias os povos indígenas e ribeirinhos lidam com o avanço das práticas exploratórias sobre suas culturas e territórios? Asseveramos que o processo denominado “progresso” concebe a Floresta enquanto um empecilho à sua noção de desenvolvimento, estabelecendo com ela uma relação utilitarista, de nexo comercial e gerando a invisibilidade social das populações que Nela residem. O estudo se propõe a discutir o que é necessário para que tais populações possam tomar frente dos processos de intervenção em seus territórios. Para tanto buscamos avaliar se os princípios da cooperação, da solidariedade e da autogestão podem auxiliar e em que medida, na construção de coletivos comunitários capazes de exercer este protagonismo em busca de desejada Emancipação Social e Bem Viver. Ao longo do percurso, percebeu-se que não basta pensarmos outras formas de intervir, mas também é imperativo inovar nas formas de avaliar as intervenções. Para tanto, empreendemos intensa e minuciosa imersão em vinte comunidades indígenas e ribeirinhas do Alto Solimões, realizando visitas, observações, além de vinte duas entrevistas, onze grupos focais e o trabalho sobre quatro narrativas de histórias de vida. Para esta imersão, fazemos uso do olhar da Samaúma, da Onça e da formiga Tucandeira, posturas metafóricas extraídas da realidade da Floresta para melhor compreendê-la. / This thesis starts from some questions to make a social-historical analysis of Amazon. How the Brazilian state, over time, has established relations with the native peoples of the Amazon Forest? What are the implications of interventions carried out by the State and other civil actors in these territories? How and with what strategies indigenous peoples and river-dwelling communities deal with the advancement of the exploitative capitalist practices over their cultures and territories? We assert that the process called "progress" sees the forest as an obstacle to its notion of development, establishing with it a utilitarian relationship, based on commercial nexus, generating social invisibility to people that lives in it. For such populations, emancipating themselves means to seek autonomy and sovereignty on basic and reproductive aspects of everyday life, precisely in what public policies did not managed to build in the Amazon territories. The thesis aims to discuss what is needed for such populations to take the lead of the intervention processes in their territories, in order to direct investments to what they believe foster real emancipation and development, in their own terms. The hypothesis we worked with is that the principles of cooperation, solidarity and self-management are effective tools in building stronger communities, able to take these processes forward in pursuit of their goals of Good Living. We noticed that it’s not enough to think of new forms of intervention, but it is also imperative to innovate in ways we evaluate these interventional practices. To demonstrate these hypotheses, as well as its consequences, we undertook intense and thorough immersion in twenty-two indigenous and river-dwelling communities in the Alto Solimões, Amazon territory of production of absences. For this immersion, we used the Samaúma’s, the Onça’s and the Tucandeira Ant’s looks, metaphors drawn from the forest reality, in order to better understand it.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiola Costa.pdf: 1816096 bytes, checksum: 347c39d9615a2fedba340dc3a6923af1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was developed pointing to the reflection about the reflexes of the Dwelling Politic on the life quality and the urban insertion of the living families in Residential Complex Roberto Panzarin , built between 1994 and 1997, in Porto Seguro District, inside the city of Itatiba, inland of the São Paulo State. The theoretical basis was the conceptions of territory, microterritory and urban insertion from authors like: Milton Santos, Dirce Koga, Ermínia Maricato e Cibele Rezek, making possible the historical, social and political perspective. Giving priority to the research qualitative broach, this work methodology priviliged an approaching and a deeper contact with the relationed subjects: the Residential Complex living families, the neighborhood and the professionals whose worked for it building and implantation. Through the interviews, the researcher observations, field diary recordings, it was possible to make the Residencial Complex historical reconstitution and the apprehension of significant elements that interfere in these people life quality. Along our investigation, it was possible to detect that an absence of a dwelling politic, well like the non-articulation between State and City interventions, carry on consequences that affect directly the Popular Residential Complex urban insertion. We understand that the public interventions in dwelling must be articulated with other urban politics, taking as a reference the local reality, the population and city features. We also believe that these politics can include the social work, contributing to the urban insertion of these people. / Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de refletir sobre os reflexos da Política Habitacional na qualidade de vida e inserção urbana das famílias moradoras do Conjunto Habitacional Roberto Panzarin , construído entre 1994 e 1997,localizado no bairro Porto Seguro, no município de Itatiba, interior do Estado de São Paulo. A fundamentação teórica baseou-se nas concepções de território, microterritório e inserção urbana de autores como: Milton Santos, Dirce Koga, Ermínia Maricato e Cibele Rezek, possibilitando a perspectiva histórica, social e política. Priorizando uma abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa, a metodologia utilizada privilegiou uma aproximação e maior contato com os sujeitos envolvidos: as famílias moradoras do Conjunto Habitacional,a vizinhança do entorno e profissionais que trabalharam na sua implantação. Através das entrevistas, observações da pesquisadora, registros em diário de campo, foi possível uma reconstituição histórica desse Conjunto Habitacional e a apreensão de elementos significativos que interferem na qualidade de vida dessa população. No decorrer de nossa investigação, foi possível detectar que a ausência, no município, de uma política habitacional, assim como a falta de articulação nas intervenções estaduais e municipais, acarretam conseqüências que afetam diretamente a inserção urbana da população dos Conjuntos Habitacionais Populares. Entendemos que as intervenções públicas na habitação devem estar articuladas com outras políticas públicas, tomando como referência a realidade local, as características da população e do município, acreditamos que também podem incluir o trabalho social que contribui para a inserção urbana dessa população.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiola Costa.pdf: 1816096 bytes, checksum: 347c39d9615a2fedba340dc3a6923af1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study was developed pointing to the reflection about the reflexes of the Dwelling Politic on the life quality and the urban insertion of the living families in Residential Complex Roberto Panzarin , built between 1994 and 1997, in Porto Seguro District, inside the city of Itatiba, inland of the São Paulo State. The theoretical basis was the conceptions of territory, microterritory and urban insertion from authors like: Milton Santos, Dirce Koga, Ermínia Maricato e Cibele Rezek, making possible the historical, social and political perspective. Giving priority to the research qualitative broach, this work methodology priviliged an approaching and a deeper contact with the relationed subjects: the Residential Complex living families, the neighborhood and the professionals whose worked for it building and implantation. Through the interviews, the researcher observations, field diary recordings, it was possible to make the Residencial Complex historical reconstitution and the apprehension of significant elements that interfere in these people life quality. Along our investigation, it was possible to detect that an absence of a dwelling politic, well like the non-articulation between State and City interventions, carry on consequences that affect directly the Popular Residential Complex urban insertion. We understand that the public interventions in dwelling must be articulated with other urban politics, taking as a reference the local reality, the population and city features. We also believe that these politics can include the social work, contributing to the urban insertion of these people. / Este estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de refletir sobre os reflexos da Política Habitacional na qualidade de vida e inserção urbana das famílias moradoras do Conjunto Habitacional Roberto Panzarin , construído entre 1994 e 1997,localizado no bairro Porto Seguro, no município de Itatiba, interior do Estado de São Paulo. A fundamentação teórica baseou-se nas concepções de território, microterritório e inserção urbana de autores como: Milton Santos, Dirce Koga, Ermínia Maricato e Cibele Rezek, possibilitando a perspectiva histórica, social e política. Priorizando uma abordagem qualitativa da pesquisa, a metodologia utilizada privilegiou uma aproximação e maior contato com os sujeitos envolvidos: as famílias moradoras do Conjunto Habitacional,a vizinhança do entorno e profissionais que trabalharam na sua implantação. Através das entrevistas, observações da pesquisadora, registros em diário de campo, foi possível uma reconstituição histórica desse Conjunto Habitacional e a apreensão de elementos significativos que interferem na qualidade de vida dessa população. No decorrer de nossa investigação, foi possível detectar que a ausência, no município, de uma política habitacional, assim como a falta de articulação nas intervenções estaduais e municipais, acarretam conseqüências que afetam diretamente a inserção urbana da população dos Conjuntos Habitacionais Populares. Entendemos que as intervenções públicas na habitação devem estar articuladas com outras políticas públicas, tomando como referência a realidade local, as características da população e do município, acreditamos que também podem incluir o trabalho social que contribui para a inserção urbana dessa população.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-23T14:40:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Meira dos Santos Nunes - 2014.pdf: 11883681 bytes, checksum: c51ca3cbb97953bd8228e2c3c8e7a051 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-02-23T14:44:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Meira dos Santos Nunes - 2014.pdf: 11883681 bytes, checksum: c51ca3cbb97953bd8228e2c3c8e7a051 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-23T14:44:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciana Meira dos Santos Nunes - 2014.pdf: 11883681 bytes, checksum: c51ca3cbb97953bd8228e2c3c8e7a051 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-04 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The city´s increase demands a transformations of urban space and the unplanned occupation produces many problems to population, Therefore, the urban planning and its implantation is essential to organize and, consequently, offer better condition of living. The Urban Geography seek to understand, analyze and explain the differences and similarity between the cities, as well as localization and modern pattern establishment on academician discussion. Different spatial settlement is forming on housing section, specifically in Brasilia, Distrito Federal. The dwelling represents something widely discussed in this context. The architectural structure of the houses, your localization toward the downtown, the housing market, and effective housing scheme since 2003 means the way to organize and transform the urban space. Brasilia, as a planned city, symbolizes on the economical and spatial context an island that separates the population of Distrito Federal (DF) on different Administrative Zones (Regiões Administrativas) according with socioeconomic criterions. The institutionalized planning benefits in many ways people, according with theirs social class. So the current housing political perpetuate the way of the city´s organization, offering the best home´s frame and the best services and urban equipment on the Administrative Zones next to the downtown, where is organized by the spending power of the people who lives there. On the federal program “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” were installed the first private and public association on housing development, resulting on the planning borough Jardins Mangueiral, located at São Sebastião (DF). This borough was related on related on experience survey, considering the area expected on Plano Diretor de Ordenamento Territorial do Distrito Federal, 2009. The methodological procedure adopted on this activity accomplishment the theoretical research, the documental research and the study field surveys with data acquisition about demographic and socioeconomic features of population living on the borough and the law established on the housing program. The main objective is to understand the relationship between urban planning, housing policies and private and public association in the construction of planning borough for different socioeconomic classes in the Distrito Federal. The study field survey was made on 2014. The data collection instrument was: participant observation, photographic records and a questionnaire applied to a hundred residents of Jardins Mangueiral. The procedures adopted for collecting, analyzing, organizing and interpretation of data beheld the proposed objectives, to discuss: a) the socio-spatial segregation in Distrito Federal; the relationship between the planned boroughs as a means of production and the occupation and transformation of urban space; b) to describe the socioeconomic changes that are occurring in São Sebastião (DF), with the construction of the new Borough and c) to point out the positive and negative aspects that characterize the Jardins Mangueiral, showing the desires of the local population, which, in spite of living in a planned residential borough, needs basic services and urban facilities in daily life. In the field of the Geography, the relevance of the research involves the analysis to understand the processes related to production of urban space linking the public housing policies, the urban planning and the new private and public associations in the housing sector, and associate these policies with the socio-spatial segregation brought in the Distrito Federal. / O crescimento das cidades requer a transformação do espaço urbano e a ocupação desordenada gera problemas diversos para população. É essencial que haja, portanto, o planejamento urbano e a sua implantação para organizar e, consequentemente, oferecer melhores condições de vida. A Geografia Urbana, no debate acadêmico, busca compreender, analisar e explicar as diferenças e semelhanças entre as cidades, assim como a localização e o estabelecimento dos padrões contemporâneos. Diferentes arranjos espaciais se formam na constituição de setores habitacionais, especificamente em Brasília, no Distrito Federal. A moradia, nesse contexto, representa uma temática amplamente discutida. A estrutura arquitetônica das casas, sua localização com relação ao centro da cidade, o mercado imobiliário e as políticas habitacionais, vigentes desde 2003, representam a forma de organizar e transformar o espaço urbano. No contexto espacial e econômico, Brasília, enquanto cidade planejada, representa uma ilha que segrega a população do Distrito Federal (DF) em diferentes Regiões Administrativas, segundo critérios socioeconômicos. O planejamento instituído beneficia de diferentes maneiras as pessoas, de acordo com a classe social à qual pertencem. Assim sendo, as atuais políticas habitacionais perpetuam a forma de organização da cidade, oferecendo melhores estruturas dos imóveis e melhores serviços e equipamentos urbanos nas Regiões Administrativas mais próximas do Plano Piloto, tendo como base para organizar a cidade o poder aquisitivo da população que nela reside. No contexto do Programa Federal “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, instituiu-se no Distrito Federal a primeira parceria público-privada no setor habitacional, a qual resultou na construção do bairro planejado Jardins Mangueiral, localizado na Região Administrativa de São Sebastião (DF). O bairro foi tomado como base empírica desta pesquisa, considerando-o como área prevista no Plano Diretor de Ordenamento Territorial do Distrito Federal de 2009. Foram adotados como procedimentos metodológicos na execução desse trabalho: pesquisa teórica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo, com coleta de dados acerca das características demográficas e socioeconômicas da população que reside no bairro e sobre as normas legais que instituíram o programa habitacional. O objetivo central é compreender a relação entre planejamento urbano, políticas habitacionais e parceria público-privada na construção de bairros planejados destinados a diferentes classes socioeconômicas no Distrito Federal. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em 2014. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: observação participante, registro fotográfico e aplicação de 100 questionários com os proprietários moradores do bairro Jardins Mangueiral. Os procedimentos adotados na coleta, análise, sistematização e interpretação dos dados contemplaram os objetivos propostos, ao se discutir: a) a segregação socioespacial no Distrito Federal; a relação entre os bairros planejados como meio de produção e a ocupação e transformação do espaço urbano; b) ao descrever as transformações socioeconômicas que estão ocorrendo em São Sebastião (DF), com a construção do novo bairro e c) ao apontar os aspectos positivos e negativos que caracterizam o Jardins Mangueiral, mostrando os anseios da população local, que, apesar de habitar em um bairro residencial planejado, carece de serviços e equipamentos urbanos básicos no cotidiano. Para geografia, a relevância da pesquisa envolve as análises para compreensão dos processos relacionados a produção do espaço urbano interligando as políticas públicas habitacionais, o planejamento urbano e a nova parceria público-privada no setor de habitações, bem como associar tais políticas com a segregação socioespacial interposta no Distrito Federal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Lopes Ferreira-1.pdf: 471348 bytes, checksum: 97360c72a7c59ed479421f83be694a37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This dissertation has as central subject and analysis object the relations of the Landless Workers' Movement with the place which they live and construct part of theirs social relations: the house, the lot and the rural settlement. Such relations are, with different intensities and various formats, constructed and consisting even from the material production and from the symbolic production of the involved social agents, determining how the space configurations of the dwellings and the rural settlement are given as a whole. The work has some objectives, as well as: verify, portray and analyze the conditions of the dwelling and the existed infrastructure, examining the used construction`s techniques, materials, the internal distribution of the constructions, the conditions of habitability and basic sanitation utilities (sanitary sewer), the quality of the constructed environment, the access to the electric energy and water for human consumption, among others things. It is also intended to understand the social and symbolic relations existing in the space, with its representations constructed from the perceptions and feelings that the rural worker and his family have about the place where they live and, through it, they reveal theirs identities and strategies of familiar organization. For such approach was chosen the camp site Terra Livre in the city of Resende, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, related to the Landless Workers' Movement - MST. An encampment was elected, since the work also has as a proposal the elaboration of the new dwelling plants for all the resident families, which will be delivered and will serve as orientation in the construction, reformation or extension of the houses, at the moment where their become an rural settlement and grant access to the habitational credit for Acquisition of Construction s Materials, conceived by the National Institute of Colonization and the Agrarian Reformation - Incra, through the public politics of land dispossession targeting the agrarian reform and the concession of credits for the initial installation of the families. The objective of the methodology proposal was to structuralize an investigation method that allows to diagnosis the whole picture of the existing realities concerning the conditions of the houses of the camped families, and to stimulate the participation of the rural workers in the conception of the proper dwelling projects. We choose to applicate the methodology to the familiar level, visiting each house and analyzing the existing possibilities inside of the expectations and expressed wills, searching to adjust them to the financial realities of each family and mixing them to a technique assistance of project orientation, in order to propitiate a final result of collective satisfaction by means of a participative process of elaboration. / Esta disserta??o tem como tema central e objeto de an?lise as rela??es dos trabalhadores rurais sem-terra com o espa?o no qual vivem e constroem parte de suas rela??es sociais: a casa, o lote, o assentamento rural. Tais rela??es s?o com diferentes intensidades e variados formatos, constru?das e constitu?das, tanto de produ??o material quanto de produ??o simb?lica dos agentes sociais envolvidos, determinando desta forma, como se d?o as configura??es espaciais das habita??es e dos assentamentos rurais como um todo. O trabalho possui alguns objetivos, entre eles: verificar, retratar e analisar as condi??es habitacionais e de infraestrutura existentes, examinando as t?cnicas construtivas, os materiais empregados, a distribui??o interna das moradias, as condi??es de habitabilidade, salubridade e saneamento b?sico, a qualidade do ambiente constru?do, o acesso ? energia el?trica e ?gua para consumo humano, entre outras coisas. Pretende-se perceber as rela??es sociais e simb?licas existentes neste espa?o, atrav?s das representa??es dos sentidos e percep??es que o trabalhador rural e sua fam?lia possuem do lugar em que vivem e, nele retratam suas identidades e constroem as estrat?gias de organiza??o familiar. Para tal enfoque foi escolhido o acampamento rural Terra Livre, situado no munic?pio de Resende, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, ligado ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem-Terra MST. Foi eleito um acampamento, pois o trabalho prop?e a elabora??o das novas plantas habitacionais, das fam?lias residentes, as quais ser?o entregues e servir?o como orienta??o na constru??o, reforma ou amplia??o das casas, no momento em que tornarem assentamento rural e acessarem o cr?dito para Aquisi??o de Materiais de Constru??o, concedido pelo Instituto Nacional de Coloniza??o e Reforma Agr?ria, atrav?s das pol?ticas p?blicas de concess?o de cr?ditos para a instala??o inicial de fam?lias assentadas. O desafio da metodologia proposta consiste na realiza??o de um m?todo de investiga??o e diagn?stico do quadro das realidades existentes acerca das condi??es habitacionais das fam?lias acampadas, estimulando a participa??o dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras rurais na concep??o dos pr?prios projetos habitacionais. Optamos pela aplica??o da metodologia a n?vel familiar, visitando cada casa e analisando as possibilidades existentes, dentro das expectativas e vontades expressas, buscando adequ?-las ?s realidades financeiras e, mesclando-as a uma assist?ncia t?cnica de orienta??o no projeto, de modo a propiciar um resultado final de satisfa??o coletiva mediante um processo participativo de elabora??o.

The location of the site where the pioneers settled permanently was determined by the availability of water in the immediate environment. The Highveld contains fertile soils, a fine climate, and an abundance of water. The area has always been extensively used for crop and stock farming, but in general, mixed farming was practiced. The farmers depended on the availability of water, therefore their experiences, observations, weather forecasts, and conclusions, developed into a popular folk meteorology. Furthermore, environmental factors such as local topography, micro climate, hydrography, ground fertility, and the appearance of natural vegetation determined whether or not an area was suitable for permanent residence. The farmstead may be divided into three functional zones (the core-, extended-, and outer farmyard) that are joined by a canal network, used for irrigation and drinking water. The farmhouse and buildings, erected a stones throw away from the water source, served as a focal point for the activities of the farmer. The manipulation of the water source by obstruction of streams and the construction of water canals, weirs and water furrows, assisted the farmer in planning his activities and in using the water to his advantage. The settlement and development of the residence on the rural parts of the Highveld may be divided into three distinct phases. Firstly, the temporary trekboer phase, secondly the pioneer phase and thirdly the permanent settlement phase. The permanence of residence had a direct influence in the layout of the house, the method of construction, and the use of the available water supply. At first, the trekkers were content to reside in roof dwellings (their wagons and tents and a grass screen as their kitchen and a hut near a spring). The first houses were hartbieshuise and kapsteilhuise. The more permanent homesteads of the earlier settlers were a simple rectangular structure (pioneer house) with a saddle grass roof. With the introduction of galvanised iron sheeting, the house was expanded and developed into the veranda-, stoeproom- and a flat roofed rectangular house. This development resulted into a typical rural Highveld homestead. After the discovery of gold in the vicinity of the Witwatersrand, the first gold rush took place resulting in the proclamation of Johannesburg in 1886. Prospectors, mostly foreigners, descended upon the Witwatersrand. Housing took on a more planned structure resembling the late Victorian period of housing in England. The water supply and drainage systems were planned and improved, making it possible to provide running water to kitchens and bathrooms. This impacted firstly on the upper riches of society in the cities, later on the lower middle classes and lastly on the rural areas. European technology regarding the supply of hot pipe water and drainage systems changed the layout of the house. The cooking activity moved from outside behind a screen to a seperate room inside the house. Inevitable changes regarding collecting, storage, purpose, saving and drainage of household water took place. Between 1840 and 1910, evolutionary changes took place regarding sanitation, water supply and personal hygiene. Being part of a particular social class made certain facilities available to certain individuals. A rural Highveld dwelling rarely included sanitary facilities, instead dwellers had a more primitive wash basin in each room in which they washed daily. On a Saturday, a weekly bath was taken in a bathtub in the kitchen or bedroom. Trekkers simply relieved themselves outside. A revolution in sanitary habits and facilities became inevitable. The Victorian dwelling on the Highveld was built according to a standard plan, including a flush water system already in place. This was the ultimate manifestation of sophistication and civilization. The aim of this investigation is to identify the similarities and differences between the use of water by the pioneer, the poor people and the wealthy in their rural dwellings. Furthermore, information has been obtained regarding water usage and sanitation in the bathroom and kitchen in the rural dwelling to be useful in the area of historic architecture and the heritage of our water history. / Thesis (M.A. (History))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2008.

L’insomnie, commune auprès de la population gériatrique, est typiquement traitée avec des benzodiazépines qui peuvent augmenter le risque des chutes. La thérapie cognitive-comportementale (TCC) est une intervention non-pharmacologique ayant une efficacité équivalente et aucun effet secondaire. Dans la présente thèse, le coût des benzodiazépines (BZD) sera comparé à celui de la TCC dans le traitement de l’insomnie auprès d’une population âgée, avec et sans considération du coût additionnel engendré par les chutes reliées à la prise des BZD. Un modèle d’arbre décisionnel a été conçu et appliqué selon la perspective du système de santé sur une période d’un an. Les probabilités de chutes, de visites à l’urgence, d’hospitalisation avec et sans fracture de la hanche, les données sur les coûts et sur les utilités ont été recueillies à partir d’une revue de la littérature. Des analyses sur le coût des conséquences, sur le coût-utilité et sur les économies potentielles ont été faites. Des analyses de sensibilité probabilistes et déterministes ont permis de prendre en considération les estimations des données. Le traitement par BZD coûte 30% fois moins cher que TCC si les coûts reliés aux chutes ne sont pas considérés (231$ CAN vs 335$ CAN/personne/année). Lorsque le coût relié aux chutes est pris en compte, la TCC s’avère être l’option la moins chère (177$ CAN d’économie absolue/ personne/année, 1,357$ CAN avec les BZD vs 1,180$ pour la TCC). La TCC a dominé l’utilisation des BZD avec une économie moyenne de 25, 743$ CAN par QALY à cause des chutes moins nombreuses observées avec la TCC. Les résultats des analyses d’économies d’argent suggèrent que si la TCC remplaçait le traitement par BZD, l’économie annuelle directe pour le traitement de l’insomnie serait de 441 millions de dollars CAN avec une économie cumulative de 112 billions de dollars canadiens sur une période de cinq ans. D’après le rapport sensibilité, le traitement par BZD coûte en moyenne 1,305$ CAN, écart type 598$ (étendue : 245-2,625)/personne/année alors qu’il en coûte moyenne 1,129$ CAN, écart type 514$ (étendue : 342-2,526)/personne/année avec la TCC. Les options actuelles de remboursement de traitements pharmacologiques au lieu des traitements non-pharmacologiques pour l’insomnie chez les personnes âgées ne permettent pas d’économie de coûts et ne sont pas recommandables éthiquement dans une perspective du système de santé. / Insomnia is common in the geriatric population, typically treated with benzodiazepine drugs which can increase the risk of falls. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a non-pharmacological intervention with equivalent efficacy and no adverse events. This thesis compares the cost of benzodiazepines versus CBT for the treatment of insomnia in older adults, with and without consideration of the additional cost of falls incurred by benzodiazepine use. A decision tree model was constructed and run from the health payer’s perspective over 1 year. The probability of falls, ER visits, hospitalisation with and without hip fracture, cost data and utilities were derived from a comprehensive literature review. Cost consequence, cost utility and potential cost saving analyses were performed. Both probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses were conducted to account for uncertainty around the data estimates. Benzodiazepine treatment costs 30% less than the price of CBT when the costs of falls are not considered (CAN $231 vs. CAN $335 per individual per year). When the cost of falls is considered, CBT emerges as the least expensive option (absolute cost-saving CAN$ 177 per person per year, CAN $1,357 with benzodiazepines vs. $1,180 for CBT). CBT dominated benzodiazepines, with a mean cost saving of CAN $ 25,743 per QALY gained with CBT due to fewer falls. The cost savings analysis shows that if the CBT were to completely replace benzodiazepine therapy, the expected annual direct cost savings for the treatment of insomnia would be $ 441 million CAD dollars, with a cumulative cost savings of $112 billion CAD dollars over 5-years. The PSA report shows that even at different varying parameters, benzodiazepines cost CAD$ 1,305, S.D $ 598 (range 245-2,625) on average / person / year vs. CAD$ 1,129, S.D $ 514 (range 342-2,526) on average / person / year for CBT. Current treatment reimbursement options that fund pharmacologic therapy instead of non-pharmacologic therapy for geriatric insomnia are neither cost-saving nor ethically recommendable from the health system’s perspective.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama postmodernizmo stiliaus raiška privačiuose gyvenamuosiuose namuose Lietuvoje, nuo XX a. 9 dešimtmečio vidurio iki 10 dešimtmečio pabaigos. Siekiant atskleisti šio stiliaus bruožus, specifiką ir kultūrinę reikšmę Lietuvoje darbe analizuojami Vakarų pasaulio (JAV, Vakarų Europos, Japonijos) privačių gyvenamųjų namų etalonai bei sąlygos, nulėmusios jų raidą. Darbe nustatoma, kad to meto socialiniai, politiniai, ekonominiai veiksniai Lietuvoje, iš esmės lėmė ir šios architektūros nepažinimą ir kritišką vertinimą. Daroma prielaida, kad dėl politinių-ekonominių veiksnių, užsienio profesinė periodika buvo viena iš pagrindinių priemonių postmodernizmo architektūrai pažinti. Todėl atliekama privačių gyvenamųjų namų publikuotų užsienio periodiniuose leidiniuose ir Lietuvoje lyginamoji analizė. Nustatomi charakteringiausi Lietuvos postmodernizmo architektūros privačių gyvenamųjų namų bruožai ir jų sąsajos su užsienio architektūra. Iš nagrinėjamų Lietuvos postmodernizmo stiliaus privačių gyvenamųjų namų išskiriami aukšto kokybinio lygio pastatai-etalonai, įvardinamos jų vertingosios savybės.Darbo apimtis – 92 p. teksto be priedo, 57 iliustr., 9 schemos, 99 bibliografiniai šaltiniai, 3 priedai. / The goal of Master thesis is to investigate expression and features of postmodern style of private dwelling-houses of Lithuania, from the middle of the 9th decade to the 10th decade of the twentieth century. In order to reveal the characteristics, features and cultural significance of the style in Lithuania, the private dwelling-houses of postmodern style of the Western world (the U.S., Western Europe, Japan) are analyzed, as well as conditions which prompted their development. The paper discusses that the social, political and economic factors of Lithuania at that time, led to the suspicion and critical evaluation of postmodern architecture in general.It is assumed that due to the political-economical factors, the Western magazines were one of the main tools for Lithuanian architects to get to know postmodern architecture. Therefore, a comparative analysis between private dwelling-houses published in foreign periodicals, and of Lithuania, is conducted. Consequently the most common features of private dwelling-houses of postmodern style in Lithuania and their links with Western architecture are determined. Houses of Lithuania of high quality postmodern architecture are named, their valuable properties are defined. Thesis consists of: 92 p. text without extras, 57 pictures., 9 schemes, 99 bibliographical entries, 3 appendixes included.

Ce mémoire propose d’aborder la relation entre le chez-soi et la construction des identités géographiques. Plus précisément, il s’agit de se pencher sur l’importance que revêt cette dimension intime et familière de l’habitat dans la part des identités qui mobilise les lieux, territoires et paysages comme référents. S’interroger à cet égard s’avère d’autant plus pertinent aujourd’hui, dans un contexte de fragmentation socio-spatiale à l’échelle urbaine et de prolifération d’enclaves résidentielles qui témoignent d’un enfermement et d’une introversion de l’habitat. Nous abordons la question à travers le cas du projet AlphaVille São Paulo (Brésil), un large développement résidentiel composé de plusieurs communautés fermées. Les entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de onze habitants de ce projet permettent de confirmer l’importance du chez-soi dans leur construction identitaire. En effet, le chez-soi en communauté fermée représente l’aboutissement d’un parcours géographique et permet au regard des habitants rencontrés une expérience de l’espace résidentiel qui s’approche de celle qu’ils ont connue au cours de l’enfance et qu’ils ont perdue à mesure que la ville s’est transformée en un milieu de plus en plus hostile. Ainsi, il leur permet dans une certaine mesure de revivre un idéal perdu. Néanmoins, habiter en communauté fermée contraint les territorialités : au sein de la métropole, le chez-soi fait figure de refuge. Il n’en demeure pas moins que les réponses des résidents révèlent une conscience que leur choix d’habitat constitue en quelque sorte une fuite de la réalité. Ainsi, ils entretiennent à l’égard de leur milieu de vie une relation qui oscille entre illusion et désillusion. / This thesis proposes to study the relationship between the home and the formation of geographic identities. More precisely, it aims understanding the role of this intimate and familiar place in the part of human identity that is defined through the individual’s interaction with places, territories and landscapes. This question appears particularly relevant in the present urban context, largely characterised by socio-spatial fragmentation and the proliferation of residential enclaves, which express a confinement of the home environment. We approach this question through the case of the AlphaVille São Paulo project (Brazil), a large residential development composed of various gated communities. The semi-directed interviews that were conducted with eleven residents allow us to confirm the relevance of the home in their identity formation. Indeed, the dwelling inside a gated community represents the final destination of the residents’ geographical trajectories. According to the inhabitants, this allows for a residential experience similar to the one they underwent during childhood and that was subsequently lost as the city transformed into a more hostile environment. Thereby, it allows, to a certain extent, for the revival of a lost ideal. However, living in a gated community constrains territorialities: within the urban context, the home place becomes a refuge. Nonetheless, the residents’ answers reveal a degree of consciousness that their choice of residence represents an escape from reality. Thus, their relationship towards their living environment oscillates between illusion and disillusion.

Natural disasters are increasing in both number and severity, causing the number of people being displaced by disaster to rise as well. Hurricane Katrina provides a particularly poignant example of the human impact of disaster, and of inadequate disaster response, especially where housing is concerned. The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s response to Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans exposed a gap in the approach to housing survivors of natural disasters, especially at the interim housing level. The FEMA trailer - which was only intended to house survivors temporarily but, in many cases, became a long term housing solution, - provided shelter for survivors, but did not account for their psychological well-being. The loss of one’s home can be a traumatic experience, as people identify their sense of self with their home. Therefore, it is crucial to reinstate this sense of home, and in turn provide continuity to the sense of self, early on in the recovery process. Rebuilding after a natural disaster is a long process. Because of this, disaster housing needs to be able to evoke a sense of home and ownership so that inhabitants can connect with their environment and reinstate their daily routines. This helps them to rebuild their lives. The proposed project attempts to do this by allowing for flexibility and choice in both the design and daily use of the house. The house transitions from temporary to permanent housing, allowing for a dialogue between inhabitant and environment to begin early on in the recovery process, and to persist. The design is informed by theories on place making, elements of home, dwelling, as well as loss and the grieving process.