Från och med höstterminen 2018 är programmering en del av kursplanen i matematik, och har då placerats under det centrala innehållet för algebra. Trots att det inte är obligatoriskt förrän höstterminen har lärare redan börjat undervisa i programmering, och appar är då en populär lärresurs. Hur väl stämmer apparna för programmering överens med kursplanen i matematik, och hur väl lämpar de sig för undervisning på lågstadiet? Med utgångspunkt i dessa frågor gjordes en analys av 14 programmeringsappar som riktar sig till lågstadieåldrarna, 6-10 år. Studien är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en analysmodell som baserats på kursplanen i matematik, teorier om pre-algebra samt kriterier som lärare anser viktiga för en bra app. Studien visar att apparnas lämplighet för matematikundervisning varierar, men att det är de appar som är utformade som spel som stämmer bäst överens med kursplanen i matematik. Det är också dessa appar som har en pedagogisk utformning som lämpar sig bäst för undervisning på lågstadiet. Resultatet av studien ifrågasätter dock valet att placera programmering under algebra i läroplanen, då kopplingen däremellan inte är helt tydlig. / Starting in the fall of 2018, programming is a part of the Swedish curriculum for mathematics and has been placed under the core content for algebra. Even though it is not obligatory until the fall, some teachers have already started teaching about programming using apps as a digital learning resource. How well do the programming apps fit with the curriculum for mathematics, and how suitable are they to be used in primary school education? With these questions in mind an analysis was made of 14 programming apps for children 6-10 years old. The study is a qualitative content analysis with an analysis model based on the curriculum for mathematics, theories about pre-algebra and criteria that teachers believe to be important in the choice of a good app. The study shows that the apps’ suitability for mathematics education vary, but it is the apps that are designed as games that fit best with the curriculum for mathematics. These apps also have the pedagogical design that suits best for primary school education. The study’s results question the choice of placing programming under algebra in the curriculum, since the connection between the areas is not quite clear.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Regina Tozzo.pdf: 645717 bytes, checksum: 3e1e34e1a14f1187d2662329116107f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-28 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / The present research aimed at the identification and the discussion of important elements for the competent teacher work ,from the first to the fourth grades, where there exist students with physical, mental, sensorial or multiple deficiencies, in the process of being included into Municipal Educational System of Rio Claro City. The theory referential has involved bibliography and documental research and covers definitions and terminonology about people and students with deficiency, the importance of the school inclusion, the teacher work and the continuing education in the educational environment. The field study followed a qualitative approach, having as data collection an interview for the focal group, where eight teachers have expressed their opinions about the accessibility at the school, in the school classroom, the teaching resources, as well as the teacher´s professional degree, and the work of the teacher. The selected items were organized in categories which composed the theme core, where the participants testimony were grouped, contributing to the whole vision of the elements necessary to the improvement of the state of school inclusion, in special the teacher´s work. The collection of the identified and discussed elements send it significantly to the effective relationship of the students with deficiency among their peers and the teacher, favoring the access to the knowledge and the respect to the singularity and diversity of them. Besides this, it is necessary curricular adaptations and teaching resources concerning the classroom activities. Legislation and teaching orientation were themes suggested for the programs on continuing education, as well as exchanging experiences in the Group Pedagogical Meetings at school. The research reached completely the proposed objective and its content points to possible contributions in the teacher´s work relation to school inclusion. / A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo identificar e discutir elementos necessários à atuação competente de professores, de 1ª à 4ª séries, que tenham alunos com deficiência física, mental, sensorial ou múltipla em situação de inclusão na Rede Municipal de Ensino de Rio Claro. O referencial teórico utilizado envolveu pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e abrange definições e terminologias sobre pessoas e alunos com deficiência, a importância da inclusão escolar, atuação de professores e da formação continuada no âmbito educacional. A pesquisa de campo realizada seguiu os princípios da abordagem qualitativa, tendo como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista de grupo focal, envolvendo oito professoras que expressaram suas opiniões a respeito da acessibilidade na escola e na sala de aula, dos recursos didáticos, bem como da formação e atuação do professor. Os itens selecionados foram classificados em categorias que passaram a compor núcleos temáticos, onde houve o agrupamento dos depoimentos das participantes, contribuindo para a visualização dos elementos necessários para favorecer a melhoria das condições de inclusão escolar, em especial a atuação do professor. O conjunto dos elementos identificados e discutidos remete de maneira significativa para efetivo relacionamento dos alunos com deficiência entre os colegas de classe e o professor, favorecendo o acesso ao conhecimento e o respeito à singularidade e à diversidade dos mesmos. Além disso, há a necessidade de adaptações curriculares e recursos didáticos pertinentes à realização de atividades em sala de aula. Legislação e Orientações Didáticas foram temas sugeridos para os cursos de formação continuada, como também trocas de experiências em Horários Pedagógicos Coletivos na escola. A pesquisa atingiu plenamente o objetivo proposto e seu conteúdo aponta para possíveis contribuições na atuação do professor frente à inclusão escolar.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar a aprendizagem de estudantes universitários de japonês como língua estrangeira (JLE) e sua autonomia fora da sala de aula no contexto da cidade de São Paulo. Levando em consideração que a aprendizagem de língua tem o caráter contínuo ao longo da vida, o aprendiz precisa desenvolver a capacidade de dirigir seu estudo por conta própria, ou seja, autonomia. Enquanto essa concepção indica um atributo do aprendiz, sua prática pode ser restrita por fatores externos como o ambiente e a relação com outras pessoas. A fim de pôr qualquer ação em prática que visa à promoção da autonomia do aprendiz, faz-se necessário reconhecer formas e ambientes reais em que a aprendizagem se concretiza. No geral, o aprendiz tende a realizar atividades com sua língua-alvo fora da sala de aula por sua iniciativa, e para desenvolver sua proficiência nesse contexto, ele precisa gerenciar seu estudo. Partindo-se dessa perspectiva, fora da sala de aula é uma situação em que permite observar a autonomia do aprendiz uma vez que há certo grau de liberdade de dirigir sua aprendizagem. A pesquisa teve a natureza qualitativa com dados qualitativos e quantitativos, e configurou-se como estudo de caso. Os participantes foram trinta estudantes no total, de uma disciplina da língua japonesa (LJ) de nível básico do curso de habilitação na língua de uma instituição de ensino superior, localizada na cidade de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados instrumentos; observação de aulas, questionário para todos os estudantes, entrevista para sete estudantes e diário de estudo para três estudantes. Para a análise, os dados foram identificados, descritos e interpretados. Os resultados apontam que os estudantes desenvolviam várias atividades utilizando a LJ além da sala de aula por sua iniciativa, principalmente as receptivas no domínio pessoal. Na maioria das atividades de interação, amigos e colegas de estudo foram interlocutores. Apesar da ampla disponibilidade de recursos para a aprendizagem da LJ na cidade graças à imigração japonesa e ao intercâmbio econômico e comercial com o Japão, os estudantes tenderam a utilizar recursos e meios digitais como sites da internet, redes sociais e chat. Embora muitas atividades fossem realizadas principalmente pelo interesse cultural, alguns alunos tentaram compreender o conhecimento obtido durante aulas, aplicando-o nas atividades fora do contexto da instituição educacional intencionalmente. Verificou-se também o esforço de uma estudante para procurar oportunidades de interagir com falantes da LJ no domínio público e profissional. / This thesis aims at investigating the learning of undergraduate students of Japanese as foreign language and their autonomy beyond the classroom in the city of São Paulo. Considering that language learning is a lifelong activity, a learner needs to develop the capacity to direct your study on your own, namely, autonomy. While this concept indicates an learner\'s attribute, its practice can be restricted by external factors such as his environment and relationship with other people. In order to put into practice any action in pursuit of this capacity, it is essential to comprehend real forms and environments in which learning occurs. Generally speaking, the learner tends to realize activities using his target language outside the classroom taking his initiative, and so as to develop his proficiency in this context, he needs to administrate his study under his own direction. From this perspective, it can be said that it is a situation in which allows us to observe the learner autonomy because there is a certain degree of freedom to direct his own study. This research was qualitative treating both qualitative and quantitative data, and its approach was case study. The participants were thirty undergraduate students in total of a Japanese language basic level subject of the language course in the city of São Paulo. For the data collection, the instruments such as classroom observation, questionnaire for thirty students, interview for seven students and learning diary for three students were employed, and for the analysis, the data was identified, described and interpreted. The results point out that the students developed various activities using Japanese beyond the classroom, especially that of reception in the personal domain. In many cases of interaction, friends and classmates were their interlocutors. Regardless of wide range of variety of resources available to Japanese language learning in the city due to the Japanese immigration to Brazil and economic relationship with Japan, these students tended to use digital resources and medias such as internet sites, social networking services and chat. Although most activities were held primarily because of their interest in Japanese culture, some participants sought to comprehend the linguistic knowledge acquired in the classroom, using it in those out-of-classroom activities. Among the student\'s attempts to use the language, it was observed that a student looked for opportunities to interact with Japanese speakers even in the public and professional domains.

No description available.

As a consequence of society's constant digitalization, the demands for digital competence increases. The educational system is no exception, and teachers should be considered a central component regarding the integration of digital learning resources in education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not the use of digital learning resources in mathematics education in grades 1–3 is affected by the self-perceived digital competence and attitudes of teachers, and, if so, how it is affected. To fulfill this purpose a qualitative study was conducted, which included interviews with thirteen teachers working in selected grades. The results showed that each and every teacher had a positive attitude, as well as a high usage of digital learning resources in mathematics education. The results also showed that this did not automatically imply a critical approach or awareness regarding the use of these kind of resources and its effect on mathematics education. This indicates that the majority of the respondents have deficiencies regarding the ability to combine digital resources with pedagogical content knowledge when teaching mathematics. The conclusion of the study is that teachers’ self-perceived digital competence and attitudes affected the use of digital learning resources, and that these aspects in turn were affected by numerous other factors. The self-perceived digital competence was affected by the individual interpretation of the same notion, which in the long run seemed to affect the critical approach towards the use of digital learning resources. The factors that turned out to have the most effect on teachers’ attitudes were shortage of time and level of interest. Overall, this indicates that more time needs to be given in order for teachers to enhance their competence through education and collaboration between colleagues. This in order to prevent teachers' individual actions affecting the equivalence of education. / I takt med samhällets ständigt pågående digitaliseringsprocess ställs också allt högre krav på digital kompetens. Skolans värld är inget undantag, och läraren bör här betraktas som en central komponent i arbetet med att integrera digitala lärresurser i undervisningen. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka om användandet av digitala lärresurser i matematikundervisningen i årskurs 1–3 påverkas av lärarens självupplevda digitala kompetens och attityd, och i så fall på vilket sätt. För att uppfylla detta syfte genomfördes en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tretton verksamma lärare i valda årskurser. Resultatet visade att samtliga lärare hade en positiv attityd, samt en hög användningsfrekvens av digitala lärresurser i matematikundervisningen. Resultatet visade dock hur detta inte automatiskt innebar ett kritiskt förhållningssätt eller en medvetenhet kring användandets påverkan på matematikundervisningen. Detta indikerar att majoriteten av respondenterna har brister gällande förmågan att integrera digitala lärresurser i matematikämnet på ett ämnespedagogiskt sätt. Studiens slutsats är således att lärarnas självupplevda digitala kompetens och attityd påverkade användningen, samt hur dessa aspekter i sin tur påverkades av en mängd andra faktorer. Den självupplevda digitala kompetensen var påverkad av den individuella tolkningen av samma begrepp, vilket i slutändan tycks påverka det kritiska förhållningssättet kopplat till användandet av digitala lärresurser. De faktorer som visade sig påverka lärarnas attityder i störst omfattning var tidsbrist och den egna intressenivån. Sammantaget indikerar detta att det finns ett behov av att tid avsätts för kompetensutveckling och kollegialt lärande, för att förhindra att lärares individuella agerande påverkar matematikundervisningens likvärdighet.

This thesis presents a case study from an authentic school practice, where seven students, in their second year of a social sciences program in an upper sec­on­dary school, use internet texts in various learning situations. The aim of the study is to map the reading practices of students encountering internet texts. The main data con­sists of obser­vations, audio and screen recordings, writ­ten instruc­tions, and screen ­shots of the sites visited. Reading practices are ana­lysed, draw­ing on concepts from New Literacy Studies and Systemic Func­tional Grammar, inclu­ding literacy events, literacy in terms of text cul­ture, text­ual norms, abstraction, auth­o­rity and mod­ality as a scale of reliability. The results reveal that meaning making resources such as colours, amount of writing and images and choice of fonts all seem to be parts of students’ con­ceptions of reliability. These textual norms result in learning situations in which students search for texts with pre­dominantly dense writing promoting ency­clopaedic know­ledge. These highly auth­orit­ative texts can be hard to under­stand for the students, something that the text analyses indicate. In com­parison to text books, the internet texts used show, a higher level of auth­ority and abs­trac­tion, rein­forced by gram­matical meta­phors. Most situ­ations in the study include peer interaction, but the most obvious learning poten­­tial resides in situations with a clear reading goal, where stu­dents work in groups and where negotiation is part of the meaning mak­ing pro­cess. The pedagogical implications of the study suggest the potential for students to achieve a higher degree of understanding of the encountered inter­net texts, through group work, and discussions concerning the impact of different layouts and the demands of verbal language. Another potential con­cerns methods for avoiding critical literacy being reduced to trivial visual scanning, via dis­cussions focusing on criteria for reliability evaluations. It is suggested that increased teacher awareness concerning the types of internet texts the students will encounter in authentic situations may contribute to students’ field and genre insight.

El sistema educativo actual centra sus enseñanzas en la verbalidad y el pensamiento lógico-lineal. Diversos estudios demuestran que para mejorar el aprendizaje en los jóvenes es necesario estimular ambos hemisferios del cerebro. El hemisferio derecho se caracteriza por dominar el pensamiento visual e históricamente los seres humanos siempre hemos tenido la necesidad de expresarnos de esta manera. Gracias al avance de la tecnología, surgen los memes, que representan una gran parte del modo de comunicación de la juventud. Esta investigación pretende conocer las percepciones de los docentes con respecto al uso educativo que pueden tener los memes. Este será un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas a profesores de las distintas facultades de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas. Como posible resultado se espera que los docentes sean conscientes de la evolución de la evolución en las metodologías de enseñanza debido al cambio generacional producido por la llegada de las nuevas tecnologías / The current educational system focuses its teachings on verbality and linear-logical thinking. Various studies show that to improve learning in young people it is necessary to stimulate both hemispheres of the brain. The right hemisphere is characterized by dominating visual thought and historically human beings have always had the need to express ourselves in this way. Today, thanks to the advancement of technology, memes emerge, which represent a large part of the communication mode of youth. This research aims to know the perceptions of teachers regarding the educational use that memes may have. This will be a qualitative study with interviews with professors from the different faculties of the Peruvian University of Applied Sciences. As a possible result, it is expected that teachers are aware of the evolution of the evolution in teaching methodologies due to the generational change produced by the arrival of new technologies. / Trabajo de investigación

Pagrindinis informacinių technologijų (IT) naudojimo mokymuisi tikslas – didinti mokymosi kokybę ir efektyvumą, lengvinti besimokančiojo ir mokytojo darbą. Galima išskirti dvi IT taikymo ugdymui kryptis: 1) kai naudojant IT siekiama gerinti tradicinius metodus 2) kai sukuriami nauji metodai, kuriuos taikyti įmanoma tik naudojant IT. Abiem atvejais svarbus mokytojų gerosios patirties dalijimasis, mokymosi metodų įvaldymas. Disertacinis darbas skirtas metodinių išteklių ir mokymosi metodų naudojimo problemoms, kylančioms dėl informacijos nepakankamumo mokymosi objektų (MO) metaduomenų saugyklose, spręsti. Išanalizuoti ir palyginti pagrindiniai MO metaduomenų standartų modeliai, naudojami skaitmeniniams mokymosi ištekliams formaliuoju būdu aprašyti. Ištirti MO metaduomenų standartų taikymo modelių sudarymo moksliniai ir praktiniai principai. Išanalizuoti turinio MO kūrimo modeliai, kurie užtikrina MO suderinamumą. Atliktas empirinis tyrimas leido nustatyti tolesnę tyrimo kryptį ir turėjo įtakos išplėsto MO metaduomenų taikomojo modelio kūrimui. Metaduomenų taikomojo modelio projektavimo procesą sudaro šie etapai: 1) metodinių išteklių ir mokymosi metodų objektų aprašančių metaduomenų elementų aibių išskyrimas; 2) valdomųjų žodynų, skirtų metaduomenų elementams aprašyti, formavimas siekiant užtikrinti metaduomenų suderinamumą; 3) metodinių išteklių ir mokymosi metodų objektų aprašančių metaduomenų lyginamoji analizė; 4) išplėsto MO metaduomenų modelio išbaigimas ir diegimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The key aim of using information technology (IT) in learning is to increase the learning quality and efficiency, to facilitate a learner’s and a teacher’s work. We can distinguish two main directions of IT application in training: (1) if applying IT we strive to improve the traditional methods; (2) if new methods are developed that are applicable only if IT is used. In both cases, sharing the good experience of teachers and mastering of the learning methods are of great importance. The research work is meant for solving the problems of using methodological resources and learning methods, which arise due to insufficiency of information in the metadata repositories of learning object (LO). The main models of LO metadata standards, used to describe digital learning resources in a formal way, have been analyzed and compared. Scientific and practical principles for applied model design of LO metadata standards have been explored. The content LO developing models that ensure LO compatibility have been considered. The empirical research performed enabled us to determine a further trend of research and influenced the creation of an extended LO metadata applied model. The design process of a metadata applied model consists of the following phases: 1) determination of sets of metadata elements that describe methodological resources and learning method objects, 2) composition of controlled vocabularies, aimed at description of metadata elements, with a view to ensure the compatibility... [to full text]

The key aim of using information technology (IT) in learning is to increase the learning quality and efficiency, to facilitate a learner’s and a teacher’s work. We can distinguish two main directions of IT application in training: (1) if applying IT we strive to improve the traditional methods; (2) if new methods are developed that are applicable only if IT is used. In both cases, sharing the good experience of teachers and mastering of the learning methods are of great importance. The research work is meant for solving the problems of using methodological resources and learning methods, which arise due to insufficiency of information in the metadata repositories of learning object (LO). The main models of LO metadata standards, used to describe digital learning resources in a formal way, have been analyzed and compared. Scientific and practical principles for applied model design of LO metadata standards have been explored. The content LO developing models that ensure LO compatibility have been considered. The empirical research performed enabled us to determine a further trend of research and influenced the creation of an extended LO metadata applied model. The design process of a metadata applied model consists of the following phases: 1) determination of sets of metadata elements that describe methodological resources and learning method objects, 2) composition of controlled vocabularies, aimed at description of metadata elements, with a view to ensure the compatibility... [to full text] / Pagrindinis informacinių technologijų (IT) naudojimo mokymuisi tikslas – didinti mokymosi kokybę ir efektyvumą, lengvinti besimokančiojo ir mokytojo darbą. Galima išskirti dvi IT taikymo ugdymui kryptis: 1) kai naudojant IT siekiama gerinti tradicinius metodus 2) kai sukuriami nauji metodai, kuriuos taikyti įmanoma tik naudojant IT. Abiem atvejais svarbus mokytojų gerosios patirties dalijimasis, mokymosi metodų įvaldymas. Disertacinis darbas skirtas metodinių išteklių ir mokymosi metodų naudojimo problemoms, kylančioms dėl informacijos nepakankamumo mokymosi objektų (MO) metaduomenų saugyklose, spręsti. Išanalizuoti ir palyginti pagrindiniai MO metaduomenų standartų modeliai, naudojami skaitmeniniams mokymosi ištekliams formaliuoju būdu aprašyti. Ištirti MO metaduomenų standartų taikymo modelių sudarymo moksliniai ir praktiniai principai. Išanalizuoti turinio MO kūrimo modeliai, kurie užtikrina MO suderinamumą. Atliktas empirinis tyrimas leido nustatyti tolesnę tyrimo kryptį ir turėjo įtakos išplėsto MO metaduomenų taikomojo modelio kūrimui. Metaduomenų taikomojo modelio projektavimo procesą sudaro šie etapai: 1) metodinių išteklių ir mokymosi metodų objektų aprašančių metaduomenų elementų aibių išskyrimas; 2) valdomųjų žodynų, skirtų metaduomenų elementams aprašyti, formavimas siekiant užtikrinti metaduomenų suderinamumą; 3) metodinių išteklių ir mokymosi metodų objektų aprašančių metaduomenų lyginamoji analizė; 4) išplėsto MO metaduomenų modelio išbaigimas ir diegimas... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Denna studie är en kvalitativ intervjustudie som undersöker förskollärares upplevelser och tankar kring IKT som pedagogiskt verktyg i arbetet med språkutveckling i förskolan och hur detta kan påverka den pedagogiska utformningen i verksamheten med barnen. Metoden består av en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra förskollärare. Resultatet påvisar att förskollärarna upplever IKT som pedagogiskt verktyg för språkutveckling som berikande och med potential inom varierande områden i relation till det språkliga lärandet. De flesta förskollärare ansåg sig besitta tillräckliga kunskaper och kompetens i arbetet med detta. De ansåg även barnen som mycket kompetenta och med många erfarenheter inom detta område. Det synliggjordes även brister i förhållande till pedagogiska kunskaper och tydliga riktlinjer i arbetet med IKT som verktyg för språkutveckling. Detta kan bero på olika faktorer såsom otydlighet gällande riktlinjer i Läroplan för förskolan, Lpfö98 och bristande kunskaper inom detta område. Studien har synliggjort både möjligheter och begränsningar i arbetet med IKT som verktyg för språkutveckling vilket förhoppningsvis bidrar med kunskaper för vidareutveckling inom detta område. / This is a qualitative interview study which examines preschool pedagogues' experiences and thoughts about digital learning resources as a pedagogical tool for working with language development in preschools and how this may affect the pedagogical design of the work environment with children. The method consists of a qualitative scientific procedure grounded in semi-structured interviews with four preschool teachers. The results show that the preschool teachers see digital learning resources as an enriching pedagogical tool for language development and with a potential in several varying areas in relation to the learning of language. Most preschool teachers deemed themselves sufficiently knowledgeable and competent while working with these resources. They also considered the children as very competent and with lots of experience in the area. There were also shortcomings outlined in relation to proficiency and clear guidelines in the work with digital learning resources for the development of language. This may depend on several different factors such as clarity regarding guidelines in the Swedish national preschool curriculum, Lpfö98, and deficient understanding in this area. The study has outlined both possibilities and limitations in the work with digital learning tools for development of language which, hopefully, will contribute for further development in this area.