Les changements pubertaires peuvent être à l'origine de multiples expériences socio-émotionnelles positives et/ou négatives que les adolescents doiven gérer. Le processus de la régulation émotionnelle (RE) va être grandement sollicité au cours de cette période. La littérature montre que la RE est une fonction psychobiologique dont le développement peut être impacté par divers facteurs environnementaux de l'enfance. Parmi ces facteurs, l'expérienc de l'attachement avec la figure d'attachement y joue un rôle primordial. Cependant, la question cruciale concernant l'impact de l'attachement sur les mécanismes comportementaux et neurophysiologiques des stratégies de RE à l'adolescence reste sous-estimée et les publications à ce sujet sont encore rares. Dans ce contexte, notre étude vise à détem1iner les paramètres oculomoteurs et neurophysiologiques pour les utiliser comme marqueurs potentiel des stratégies de régulation des émotions en fonction du style d'attachement chez les adolescents. Toutefois, la RE est difficilement évaluable avec des outils ne sollicitant que les processus cognitifs conscients des adolescents. À ce titre, il nous a paru nécessaire d'utiliser un dispositif d'eye-tracking synchronisé avec un système de mesure physiologique permet de déterminer les paran1ètres oculomoteurs et neurophysiologiques lors d'exploration des ces images. Cette étude soutient l'hypothèse que l'attachement module des paramètres oculomoteurs et neurophysiologiques des stratégies de la RE Ces résultats pourraient inciter à une nouvelle ligne de recherche afin de proposer une solution thérapeutique dans le contexte de la dysrégulation émotionnelle. / Adolescence is a time of increasing vulnerability to intemalizing and extemalizing psychopathologies associated with poor emotion regulation, including depression, anxiety and antisocial behavior. Emotion regulation is the ability to recrui processes to influence emotion generation. It is therefore important to understand how emotion regulation develops at thi time and how this relates to ongoing development in adolescence. In recent years there has been increasing interest in how attachment styles modulate emotion regulation strategies. However, few researches have addressed this question directly in adolescence. The crucial question conceming the behavioral and neurophysiological mechanisms ofregulatior strategies emotions in adolescence remains underestimated. Employing a specific, an ecologically valid paradigm, the current study determines the oculomotor and neurophysiologie patterns as a potential marker of emotion regulation strategies i.e., comfort and proximity seeking as a function ofattachment style in healthy adolescents. The Attachment Scale Interview was used to detennine attachment style (i.e., secure, fearful, enmeshed and avoidant) in eighty-one healthy adolescents. A synchronized eye-tracking and physiologie measurement device was used to determine gaze and neurophysiologie parameters, respectively, on attachment-related pictures issue from The BASP-Ado. Our results show the existence of different profiles of emotional regulation in adolescence. These results could encourage a new line of research in order to offer a therapeutic solution in the context of emotional dysregulation.

Magister Commercii - MCom / The increasing demand for client-centred services in a highly competitive business environment has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of call centres world wide (Knight 2004 cited in Carrim, Basson & Coetzee, 2006; Nel & De Villiers 2004 cited in Carrim et al., 2006; Williams, 2000 cited in Carrim et al., 2006). According to Holdsworth and Cartwright (2003); Malhotra and Mukherjee (2004); Singh and Goolsby (1994), the work of a customer service representative is seen as one of the ten most stressful jobs in the present-day world economy. Customer service representatives are highly susceptible to elevated levels of stress and burnout, more so than in any other work environment. Within the call centre environment specifically, turnover has been identified as one of the most pressing problems in terms of scope (levels or percentages of turnover), cost and productivity (O’Herron, 2003 cited in Spies, 2006). Factors that lead to unhappiness in call centres are, inter alia, the monotony and repetitiveness of the job content. This situation is aggravated by lack of opportunities for promotion and by stress (Worldroom Digest, 2004 cited in Carrim et al., 2006). In addition, Hochschild (1983) posits that organisations in the service industry do not hesitate to “commercialize” employees’ emotions as a means to attract and retain customers. Research suggests that service providers are under implicit and explicit pressure to regulate their emotions as a tool to lure customers into patronizing the organisation. In recent studies, several key factors were identified that are commonly associated with turnover intention among customer service representatives, namely, work overload, monitoring and surveillance of employees, competing management goals, upward career movement, lack of skill variety, and emotional labour (Cordes & Dougherty, 1993; Deery et al., 2002; Deery & Kinnie, 2004; Holman, 2004; Singh, 2000; Zapf, Isic, Bechtoldt & Blau, 2003). If not dealt with appropriately, stress, burnout and emotional labour can increase the turnover rate, which accordingly can be damaging to the organisation. The current research was conducted at an outbound call centre in a retail organisation in the Western Cape. The sample comprised of a hundred and sixty three call centre employees who are employed in the collections/outbound department. Convenience sampling was utilised. A self-developed Biographical Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), the Emotional Labour Scale (Brotheridge & Lee, 2003), the Experience of Work and Life Circumstances Questionnaire (Van Zyl &Van der walt, 1994), and the Turnover Intentions Questionnaire (Roodt, 2004) were used to collect the data. The data was analysed using SPSS and the results were interpreted by means of descriptive and inferential statistics (the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, T-Test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results indicate that there is a moderate relationship between stress and intention to leave the organisation amongst the sample of employees. There was also a significant relationship between burnout and intention to leave the organisation. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between emotional labour and intention to leave the organisation. Further findings of the current study are: there are significant differences in stress based on employees’ gender and tenure, a significant difference in burnout with regards to gender and employment type, and significant differences between emotional labour based on gender and tenure. However, no significant difference was found between burnout and tenure, nor was there a significant difference between emotional labour and employment type. Recommendations are made to alleviate the effects of stress on call centre employees which in turn, will minimise the effects of burnout and emotional labour. Recommendations included the development of wellness programmes, stress management programmes, coping programmes and effective communications as a mean to shape employee perceptions regarding their interpretation of organisational demands, threats or opportunities and to enhance call centre employees’ performance within their work. / South Africa

L’oubli est un mécanisme essentiel au fonctionnement de la mémoire. Ceci est vrai lorsque l’on considère la mémoire de l’individu, qui est l’objet privilégié de la neuropsychologie, mais cela est également le cas lorsque nous considérons les usages sociaux, culturels et historiques de la mémoire qui sont les objets d’études privilégiés de l’histoire et des sciences humaines. Dans ce travail, nous avons cherché à comprendre l’influence conjointe des capacités de contrôle inhibiteur et de l’encodage de représentations collectives sur la conservation des souvenirs épisodiques. Nous avons abordé la question de l’oubli volontaire à l’aide du paradigme "Think/No-Think" qui permet l’induction expérimentale d’intrusions mnésiques, de leur contrôle et de leur oubli. Nous avons tout d’abord montré, en électrocardiographie et en électroencéphalographie, que les capacités d’oubli volontaire influencent directement la manifestation physiologique des émotions qui peuvent leur être associées. Ce résultat a ensuite été complété par une étude, à l’aide d’analyses de classification multivariées, montrant que les dynamiques neurales qui encadrent la suppression effective des souvenirs, lorsqu’ils apparaissent involontairement à la conscience, sont comparables aux réflexes de réorientation attentionnelle qui peuvent intervenir lors d’interférences sensorielles ou perceptives. Enfin, nous abordons l’influence des schémas présents en mémoire collective sur l’encodage des souvenirs à travers une étude en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle. / Forgetting is a central mechanism for memory functioning. This is noticeable regarding individual’s memory, which is the privileged topic of neuropsychology, but this is still the case when we consider the social, cultural and historical practices of memory which are the privileged topics of history and social sciences. In this work, we tried to understand the joint influence of inhibitory control capabilities and the encoding of collective representations over episodic memories conservation. We addressed the question of voluntary forgetting through the use of the"Think/No-Think" paradigm as a way to induce experimental memory intrusions and their control. First, we report with electrocardiography and electroencephalography that voluntary forgetting capabilities directly affects the physiological roots of associated emotions. This result was then complemented, through the use of multivariate decoding, by a study showing that the neural dynamics surrounding the effective suppression of memories, when they involuntarily intrude into consciousness, are comparable to the reorienting reflex occurring during sensory or perceptive interference. Finally, we assess the influence of collective memory schema on the encoding of memories in a magnetic resonance image study.

The conceptual model of emotion regulation (ER) of Gross and Thompson (2007) introduces families of ER strategies ordered on a temporal scale. This scale has been attributed implications both for the grouping strategies but also for the neurocognitive processing. The two event-related potential (ERP) studies of emotional regulation presented here focus on emotional regulation at different temporal distances, as well as, different stages of cognitive processing. Trying to discern if various neural processes could be disentangled by looking at different stages of the late positive potential (LPP). The theoretical background begins with the neurocognitive science of emotionality and visits cognitive processing at both early and late stages before summating results of the contemporary research of emotional regulation. 39 participants were enrolled within the two experiments aiming to compare the efficiency of different strategies in reducing negative social emotion induced by photographs of angry faces. Technical difficulties discourage conclusions about how temporal distancing is most effectively adapted. Results suggest self-focused distancing strategies are more effective than situation-focused reappraisal and could be preferred for therapeutic purposes based on greater observed LPP effect.

Emotionella reaktioner bidrar till kroppsligt stresspåslag vilketpåverkar blodsockernivåerna. Syftet med studien var att undersökaskillnaden i tillämpning av kognitiv omstrukturering bland typ1-diabetiker vid lågt respektive högt blodsocker samt skillnaden itillämpningen beroende på antal år av sjukdomen(sjukdomsförloppet). Vi undersökte även sambandet mellan kognitivomstruktureringen och diabetesrelaterad stress generellt och vid lågtoch högt blodsocker. En enkätundersökning genomfördes därdeltagarna (N = 69) fick besvara frågor om kognitiv omstruktureringvid antingen lågt eller högt blodsocker samt diabetesrelaterad stress.Resultaten visade att det inte fanns en skillnad i tillämpning avkognitiv omstrukturering vid lågt respektive högt blodsocker eller vidsjukdomsförloppet. Resultatet visade inget samband mellan kognitivomstrukturering och diabetesrelaterad stress generellt eller vid lågtoch högt blodsocker. Sammanfattningsvis påvisar studien attdiabetiker tillämpar kognitiv omstrukturering i låg utsträckningoavsett blodsockernivå och sjukdomsförlopp samt upplevde högdiabetesrelaterad stress. / Emotional reaction contributes bodily stress, which affects bloodsugar levels. This study examined differences in application ofcognitive restructuring among type 1-diabetics in low and high bloodsugar and the differences in application depending on the number ofyears with disease (disease course). We examined the relationshipbetween cognitive restructuring and diabetes-related distress ingeneral and low and high blood sugar. A survey conducted in whichparticipants (N = 69) answered questions about cognitiverestructuring in low or high blood sugar and diabetes-relateddistress. Results showed no difference in application of cognitiverestructuring in low and high blood sugar or in disease course.Results showed no connection between cognitive restructuring anddiabetes-related distress in general or in low and high blood sugar.Thus, this study shows that diabetics applied cognitive restructuringto a low extent regardless of blood sugar levels, disease course andexperienced high diabetes-related distress.

Sociala medier har förändrat männskors sätt att interagera, uttrycka sig och dela information. Det har integrerat sig som en naturlig del av många individers vardagar men trots alla fördelar som det medför, kommer det med en del problematiska aspekter. När någonting används frekvent på en massiv skala så kan det leda till ett beroendebeteende som sedan kan leda till ytterligare svårigheter. En av dessa svårigheter är att man utvecklar missanpassad emotionell reglering. Utifrån detta var studiens syfte att undersöka problematisk användning av sociala medier i relation till emotionell reglering. För att besvara syftet gjordes en enkätundersökning genom en webbenkät baserat på skalorna DERS-16 och BSMAS. Urvalet gjordes så att webbenkäten skickades ut på författarnas privata instagram, facebook och reddit sidor och deltagarna fick en vecka på sig att svara (n=50; 58% kvinnor & 42% män; M ålder = 35). För analys av resultatet utfördes två Pearson's korrelationskoefficient och ett oberoende t-test. Resultatet visade ett signifikant positivt samband mellan socialt medieberoende och emotionell reglering och samtliga fem dimensioner som uppgör emotionell reglering. Dessa fem dimensioner är klarhet, mål, strategier, icke acceptans, impuls. Antal timmar på sociala medier och socialt medieberoende hade ett signifikant positivt samband men det existerade inget signfikant samband mellan emotionell reglering och timmar på sociala medier. Det oberoende t-testet visade ingen signifikant skillnad i män och kvinnors emotionella reglering. Slutatsen är att det finns en stark relation mellan socialt medieberoende och emotionell reglering / Social media has changed people's way of interaction, self-expression and sharing of information. It has integrated itself into a natural part of many individual's daily lives. Although there are many benefits, social media can come with some problematic aspects. When something is frequently utilized on a mass scale, it has the possibility of leading to behavioral addictions that can lead to additional difficulties. One of the difficulties is developing maladaptive emotionel regulation. The purpose of this study was to examine problematic use of social media in relation to emotional regulation. To answer the purpose, a questionnaire webb-survey was developed based on the scales DERS-16 and BSMAS. The selection was done through sending out the webb-survey on the authors instagram, facebook and reddit pages. The participants had a week-long deadline to answer the survey (n=50; 58% females, 42%males; M age = 35). For analyzing the results, two Pearson's correlation coefficients and an independent samples t-test were done. The results showed positive correlations between social media addiction and emotional regulation and between social media addction and the 5 dimensions of emotional regulation; clarity, goals, strategies, non-acceptance, impulse. The number of hours on social media and social media addiction had a positive significant correlation but no significant correlation between emotional regulation and time on social media could be found. The independent samples t-test showed no significant difference between males and females in relation to emotional regulation. In conclusion there is a strong relationship between social meddia addiction and emotional regulation

This research aimed to investigate the contributions of emotions and Emotional Intelligence (EI) to social work practice with children and families in Malaysia. A mixture of methods within an ethnographic approach was used. The Assessing Emotions Scale (AES) (Schutte et al., 2007) was completed by 105 child social workers. The levels of EI and differences in EI according to certain demographic characteristics were identified. Individual interviews with 25 child social workers were conducted to explore their perceptions concerning emotions and EI in the workplace. Observations were carried out over a period of three months to investigate how emotions were expressed in terms of behaviour. The quantitative results showed that levels of EI were high (mean=131.69, SD=12.483). The workers were reported to be emotionally intelligent in perceiving emotions, dealing with their own and others’ emotions and utilising emotions in their professional conduct. There were no significant differences by gender (p-value=0.367>0.05), marital status (p-value=0.694>0.05), age group F (d=3, 101), P>.05=1.468) or length of service F (d=4,100), P>.05=0.331), but there was a difference with regard to educational level F (d=3,101), P<.05=6.878). The qualitative research findings seemed to show that skills in empathising, expressing and regulating one’s and others’ emotional experiences, as well as religious practice factors, contributed to EI. The qualitative research findings also revealed the strength of religious beliefs in Malaysian social workers, which facilitate the qualities of EI. The present study implies that the spiritual and religious dimension of practice should not be ignored in social work education and training.

Emotionsreglering har de senaste åren fått alltmer uppmärksamhet och stöd som en faktor associerat med substansbruk. Däremot finns till författarnas vetskap ingen tidigare forskning som undersökt sambandet mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk i ett rättspsykiatriskt urval. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva substansbruket och utforska associationer mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk i ett rättspsykiatriskt urval. Deltagarna (N = 98; 13 % kvinnor) rekryterades från en kohort av rättspsykiatriska patienter i Sverige från 2016-11-01 till 2020-11-30.  Data samlades in genom journalgranskningar, självskattningar och kompletterades med semistrukturerade intervjuer. För att beskriva substansbruk i gruppen användes deskriptiv statistik. Vidare användes instrumentet Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) för att undersöka deltagarnas svårigheter med emotionsreglering. Som mått på substansbruk använde författarna debutålder av substanskonsumtion och antalet testade substanser. För att utforska sambandet mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk användes korrelationsmatriser.  Resultatet visade att 64,3 % av deltagarna någon gång hade diagnostiserats med substansbrukssyndrom. Vidare hade 79.5 % av urvalet någon gång använt cannabis och hade i större utsträckning använt andra substanser jämfört med en generell svensk population. Studien fann inga signifikanta samband mellan emotionsreglering och substansbruk, vilket går emot tidigare forskning. Det motsägelsefulla resultatet kan bero på metodologiska skillnader och/eller att deltagarna hade andra gemensamma och inflytelserika erfarenheter i relation till emotionsreglering som påverkade resultatet. / Emotional regulation has in recent years gained more attention and support as a factor associated with substance use. However, to the authors knowledge, no research has examined the association between emotional regulation and substance use in a forensic psychiatric sample. The aims of this study were to describe substance use and examine associations between emotional regulation and substance use in a sample of forensic psychiatric patients. Participants (N = 98; 13% female) were recruited from a cohort of forensic psychiatric patients in Sweden from 2016-11-01 to 2020-11-30.  Data were collected through file information, self-reports and complemented with semi-structured interviews. The study used descriptive data to report the use of substances within the sample. Furthermore, the study used the instrument Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale (DERS) to examine the participants' emotional dysregulation. To measure substance use, the authors used age of onset of substance consumption and the number of substances tested as variables. Correlational matrices were used to explore the association between emotional regulation and substance use.  The results showed that 64.3% of the participants had at some point been diagnosed with SUD. Furthermore, 79.5 % of the sample had at some point used cannabis and had to a large extent used other substances. No significant associations were found between emotional regulation and substance use. The result goes against previous research, methodological differences may cause this contradiction. Another possible explanation is that the participants had other common and influential experiences in relation to emotional regulation that influenced the result.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les impacts de la régulation émotionnelle sur l’épuisement professionnel des soignants en gériatrie et plus particulièrement en mesurant les effets de la méthode Gineste et Marescotti. Lors d’une première étude, nous avons observé les états émotionnels psychologiques et physiologiques induits par deux séquences de film chez 25 sujets. Au cours de deux autres études, nous avons étudié les liens entre les régulations émotionnelles au travail, les variables de personnalité, les variables dispositionnelles et les variables contextuelles puis le rôle des régulations émotionnelles au travail dans la prédiction de la détresse psychologique chez 885 étudiants en IFSI et IFAS et dans la prédiction du burnout chez 157 professionnels en gériatrie. Enfin une quatrième étude nous a permis d’étudier les impacts de la méthode Gineste et Marescotti sur un échantillon de soignants en gériatrie. Les résultats montrent que la dissonance émotionnelle génère un stress signalé par une augmentation de la fréquence cardiaque. Le jeu en surface et le jeu en profondeur dépendent à la fois des caractéristiques de personnalité, des stratégies de régulations émotionnelles dispositionnelles et des prescriptions internes et externes, mais pas des stratégies de coping. De plus, le travail émotionnel contribue réellement à prédire le burnout mais pas la détresse psychologique. Enfin, la méthode agit sur les professionnels formés et satisfaits et plus spécifiquement sur le coping émotionnel, le jeu en surface, la demande psychologique, le burnout et le conflit de valeurs. La satisfaction associée à la capacité à mettre en œuvre la formation influence le burnout. / The objective of this thesis is to study the impact of emotion regulation on burnout in geriatric nursing, especially in measuring the effects of Gineste and Marescotti method. In a first study we observed the psychological and physiological emotional states induced by two movie clips in 25 subjects. In two other studies we investigated the relationship between emotional regulation at work, personality variables , dispositional variables and contextual variables and the role of emotional regulation at work in the prediction of psychological distress among 885 students IFSI and IFAS and the prediction of burnout among 157 professionals in geriatrics. Finally, a fourth study, we study the impacts of Gineste and Marescotti method on a sample of geriatric caregivers. The results show that emotional dissonance creates a stress indicated by an increase in heart rate. The surface acting and deep acting depend on both the characteristics of personality, emotional regulation strategies dispositional and internal and external requirements but not coping strategies. In addition, the emotional labour actually helps predict burnout but not psychological distress. Finally, the method is trained and satisfied on the level of emotional coping professionals, surface acting, psychological demand, burnout and conflict of values. Satisfaction associated with the ability to implement training influences burnout.