<p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2002</p> / digitalisering@umu

Inom socialt arbete möter brukare i olika sammanhang skapande verksamheter i exempelvis dagverksamhet, sysselsättning eller som arbetsträning. Att delta i verksamheten kan vara frivilligt eller tvingande. Denna studie undersöker hur hantverkspedagoger arbetar med skapande verksamhet i socialt arbete, samt vilka strukturer och förhållningssätt som måste finnas i verksamheten för att denna ska ge förutsättningar till förändringsprocesser för deltagaren. Studiens syfte är att fördjupa förståelsen för hur visuellt skapande verksamhet används för att möjliggöra förändring för brukare inom det sociala arbetets fält. Verksamheterna som undersöks i studien använder sig samtliga av visuellt skapande, vilket är olika former av skapande såsom måleri, keramik, textiltryck och sömnad. Studien genomfördes utifrån en kvalitativ ansats med ostrukturerade fokusgruppsintervjuer som val av metod. Metoden utökades efterhand med en telefonintervju. Totalt genomfördes två fokusgrupps-sessioner och en telefonintervju med sammanlagt sex informanter. Den teoretiska ram, ur vilken den skapande verksamheten belyses och analyseras, utgår från symbolisk interaktionism, där definition av situationen samt sympatisk introspektion är två centrala begrepp. Andra centrala begrepp i studien är Axel Honneths definition av erkännande samt Martin Bubers mellanmänskliga möten. Studiens resultat visar att pedagogernas arbete bridrar till förändringsprocesser, genom strukturella såväl som pedagogiska förhållningssätt, vilka båda genomsyras av ett processorienterat förhållningssätt där deltagarens egna processer är centrala. I den avslutande diskussionen diskuteras den skapande verksamhetens förändringspotential inom socialt arbete i förhållande till teoretiska begrepp så som mellanmänskliga möten, definition av situationen och symboliskt våld för att belysa ett vägval mellan två förhållningssätt som socialpedagogen ständigt ställs inför. / In social work clients encounter arts in different contexts as in, for example, daytime activities, employment or job training. The participation in the activities may be voluntary or mandatory. This study examines how specialist crafts tutor work with creative activities in social work and the structures and attitudes necessary to provide conditions for change for the participant. The work places surveyed in this study all used creative methods involving visual arts such as paintings, ceramics, textile and sewing. The study´s purpose is to deepen the understanding of how visual creative activity is used to enable change for users in the field of social work. The activities evaluated in the study all use forms of visual creativity, which include various forms of creativity such as painting, sculpture, textile printing and sewing. The study was conducted based on a qualitative approach and the choice of method was unstructured focus groups with specialist crafts tutors. The method was extended during the research process by a telephone interview. In total, there were two focus group sessions and one telephone interview with a total of six informants. The theoretical framework from which creative activity is highlighted and analyzed is based on symbolic interactionism, where definition of the situation and sympathetic introspection are two key concepts. Other key concepts in the study are Axel Honneth's definition of recognition as well as Martin Buber's interpersonal encounters. The result of the study shows that specialist crafts tutors work contributes to change through structural and pedagogical approaches, which both are permeated by a process-oriented approach where the participant's own processes are central. In the final discussion the potential of creative activities for change within social work is discussed in relation to the theoretical concepts of interpersonal encounters, definition of the situation and symbolic violence to illuminate a choice between two approaches that social pedagogue faces.

Sabang used to be a small, marginalized Philippine fishing village that in the span of three decades became a well-known international sex tourism site. This thesis deals with the implications of tourism (including sex tourism) and how it has become embedded in the daily life in today’s Sabang. The thesis highlights the local populations’ diverse reactions to the various changes associated with tourism growth, in particular how various symbolic, moral, and spatial boundaries are constructed and maintained. The ethnographic material examined in this thesis builds on several periods of fieldwork, in total 18 months, that were carried out between 2003 and 2015. Analytical tools found in tourism anthropology and in particular the branch of postcolonial tourism studies has guided the discussion and analysis of the socio-cultural effects of becoming a tourism town. This thesis argues that complex networks of boundaries are significant in maintaining a sense of order and social cohesion in times of change. Notions of cultural differences are expressed through the narratives and behaviors of the various inhabitants, and contribute to the maintaining of boundaries within and between groups. From the beginning of tourism growth commercial sex has been central and has become a significant factor in the tourism economy. While residents acknowledge their dependency on the go-go bars, the business of the night is framed so as not to defeat the inhabitants’ struggles to maintain local community’s sense of morality, or at least to set up boundaries between the outsiders’ immorality and insiders’ morality. Tourism has also offered opportunities to challenge conventional social hierarchies and local seats of power, and there are also recurrent discussions about who has the right to control resources and who can claim entitlement to a place now shared by people from all over the world.

Background: in the late 1970s, HIV had a sudden outbreak in Africa, and in the late 1980 ́s the rest of the world was informed about the epidemic. Due to increased level of the infected people around the world HIV has been the cause of many deaths worldwide, and unfortunately HIV continues to spread. HIV is today, considered to be a incurable virus disease, but due to antiviral medication that allows individuals who are infected with HIV cancause of spreading HIV during 1980, which subjected these men to stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes, especially in health care.  Aim: To explore how homosexual HIV-infected men describe their experiences of treatment from healthcare professionals. Method:  A literature review based on six qualitative articles, three quantitative article and one mixed approach article Results: The result consisted of one main themes and three subthemes. The first theme is experienced lack of knowledge with three subthemes: experiences of worthy care, experience of being denied care and the experiences of stigmatizing and/ or discriminatory attitudes. The main theme highlights how healthcare professionals lack of knowledge affects healthcare. The different subthemes discusses HIV-infected homosexual men ́s experiences of healthcare as both negative and positive. Discussion: The discussions are divided into four sections: the need for increased knowledge, experiences of being denied care and/or experiences of worthy care, stigmatization and discriminatory attitudes impact on patients care and geographical differences. This section was discussed by using Katie Eriksson nursing theory about care suffering, the background of the literature review and by using new research. / Bakgrund: I slutet av 1970-talet fick HIV ett plötsligt utbrott i Afrika, och i slutet av 1980-talet fick resten av världen höra talas om epidemin. Sjukdomen har orsakat många dödsfall världen över, och fortsätter att spridas sig. Idag anses HIV att vara en obotlig virussjukdom, som på grund av antivirala mediciner gör att individer som är smittade med HIV kan leva ett normalt liv. Homosexuella HIV-smittade män blev under 1980-talet skuldbelagda för att förorsaka HIV. Som resultat av detta har dessa män utsatts för stigmatiserande och diskriminerande attityder, speciellt inom sjukvården. Syfte: Att undersöka hur homosexuella HIV-smittade män beskriver sina upplevelser kring bemötandet från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserades på sex kvalitativa artiklar, tre kvantitativa artiklar och en mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet bestod av ett huvudteman och tre subteman. Det första temat var: Upplevd kunskapsbrist, med tre subteman: upplevelsen av att få värdig vård, upplevelsen att bli vägrad vård samt rädsla för stigmatiserande och/eller diskriminerande attityder. Huvudtemat lyfter upp hur hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens kunskapsbrist påverkar sjukvården. De olika subteman behandlar HIV-smittade homosexuella mäns upplevelser av sjukvården som både negativ och positiv. Diskussion: Resultatdiskussionen delades in i fyra avsnitt: upplevelsen av att bli nekad vård och/eller upplevelsen av att bli hörd, stigmatiserande och diskriminerande attityders påverkan på patientens vård, behov av ökad kunskap samt geografiska skillnader. Avsnittet diskuteras utifrån Katies Erikssons omvårdnadsteori om vårdlidande, litteraturöversiktens bakgrund samt med hjälp av ny forskning.

Este estudo investiga a formação de espectadores teatrais na educação escolarizada, a partir da perspectiva de uma professora de Arte nas escolas públicas Centro de Ensino Fundamental 01 - CEF 01 do Núcleo Bandeirante e Centro de Ensino Médio Urso Branco - Distrito Federal, no período de 2014 a 2017. Busca provocar a potencialização do ato de leitura cênica em sala de aula, em prol da formação de espectadores e ampliação da leitura de mundo dos estudantes. A metodologia empregada foi de abordagem qualitativa, incluindo pesquisa de campo e participativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da observação participante e registros em diários itinerantes, refletindo a respeito da própria experiência por meio da escuta sensível. À luz de autores como Desgranges (2008, 2010, 2011, 2014), Rancière (2017a, 2017b), Bondia (2001, 2010, 2016), Medeiros (2005), Pupo (2015), Ferreira (2006), Machado (2012), Jauss (1995), Iser (1996), Aguiar e Bordini (1993), entre outros, as conquistas e dificuldades enfrentadas ao longo deste percurso no contexto escolarizado das duas escolas pesquisadas são analisadas e discutidas. Ao longo do trajeto investigativo, foram identificados/experienciados quatro eixos de mediação teatral distintos: a) ida dos estudantes ao teatro profissional; b) apresentação de espetáculos universitários dentro da escola; c) tensão produtiva entre ver e fazer teatro em sala de aula, tendo a leitura de poéticas como fio condutor do trabalho; d) tensão produtiva e estendida entre fazer e ver teatro, tendo o fazer teatral como eixo do trabalho. Consideram-se esses eixos como estratégias de resistência que transitam tanto entre proposições de debate e embate, pela organização do pensamento crítico através da argumentação, quanto por outras formas de reação política, dispositivos reativos que perpassam pela leitura inventiva, pela estética/política da alteridade, pelo corpo em estado alterado (de performance, ficção, jogo, inventividade, devir). Portanto, considera-se que a busca por um trabalho pedagógico teatral, voltado à formação de espectadores(as) na educação escolarizada, aponta caminhos profícuos para a ampliação da leitura de mundo dos(das) estudantes, apesar das adversidades, por meio da proposição de estados de encontro. / This study aims at exploring the formation of a theatrical audience in regular education in order to enhance students scenic reading and broaden their in-depth comprehension of the world. The research is underpinned by the theories of Desgranges (2008, 2010, 2011, 2014), Rancière (2017a, 2017b), Bondia (2001, 2010, 2016), Medeiros (2005), Pupo (2015), Ferreira (2006), Machado (2012), Jauss (1995), Iser (1996), Aguiar and Bordini (1993), among others, and follows a qualitative participatory fieldwork approach. Data was collected through participant observation and recorded in itinerant diaries through sensitive listening, reflecting on a teacher\'s experience, during the period - from 2014 to 2017- she was an Elementary School Arts Teacher in CEF 01 do Núcleo Bandeirante and Centro de Ensino Médio Urso Branco schools, both located in Federal District, Brazil. The results describe and analyse the achievements and challenges faced during this teaching period, in which were identified / experienced four different stages of theatrical mediation: a) students field trip to professional theater; b) presentation of theatrical shows in the school; c) productive tension between seeing and doing theater in the classroom, having poetic reading as guidelines of the work; d) productive and extension between doing and seeing theater, having the theatre as guidelines of the work. Those items are considered strategical axis of resistance that place between debate and struggle, also englobing: the organization of critical thinking and argumentation, other forms of political reaction, reactive dictions through the inventive reading, the aesthetic/politics of otherness, and the body in an altered state (performance, fiction, game, inventiveness, becoming). Therefore, this research considers that including theatrical pedagogical work in the formation of an audience on a scholar education context, despite the adversities, is a fruitful way to broaden the students\' world reading through the proposition of states of encounters.

[pt] Na prestação de serviços, há evidência do estigma e de ações discriminantes que envolvam ações automáticas de preconceito. Diferentes tratamentos aos consumidores podem produzir e experiências problemáticas, com consequências e respostas imediatas nos negócios. Objetivamente, este estudo busca focar mais profundamente o estigma do ponto de vista do consumidor de baixa renda. Analisa os componentes racionais e emocionais das reações desses consumidores perante as interpretações da sociedade. Em parte, busca suprir a lacuna existente na literatura do marketing. A estigmatização de consumidores de baixa renda pode ter forte influência em suas ações e respostas durante o processo de decisão de escolha e compra de serviços. Isso implica num significativo impacto no desempenho dos negócios, ações de anticonsumo contra as marcas. Neste sentido, o encontro de serviços serve como palco para os atores estigmatizador e estigmatizado, sendo que o consumidor de baixa renda é o protagonista. O estudo foi dividido em três fases: a primeira levantou a preocupação destes consumidores com a estigmatização no encontro de serviços, através de entrevistas experimentais para alinhamento do roteiro. A segunda fase compreendeu uma pesquisa de campo, em que foram utilizadas 210 entrevistas. Para tanto, utilizouse a Técnica do Incidente Crítico. Os dados foram analisados, codificados através do software OpenLogos. Na terceira fase, realizou-se uma análise do conteúdo das narrativas dos entrevistados, chegando a mais de 1200 palavras, códigos e expressões que identificam as emoções, e mostrou-se como ocorre o perfil do estigma e as reações comportamentais. Os resultados indicaram uma predominância das emoções primárias (medo, vergonha e ofensa, etc) no momento imediato a percepção do estigma pelo consumidor de baixa renda. Posteriormente, inicia-se o processo decorrente (emoções secundárias e terciárias) e suas estratégias de respostas destes consumidores. Dessa forma, ratifico- se a influência e importância do estudo do estigma com suas respectivas implicações as situações de consumo. / [en] This article focuses on low-income consumers facing social stigma in service encounters with contact employees. Stigma is a pervasive aspect of our culture and has been rarely considered in services marketing for low-income consumer. In the past, research didn’t pay attention on the low-income consumer’s perspective for marketing actions. Recently, attention has turned to examining how people who are targets of negative stereotypes understand and interpret their experience as members of socially devalued groups. The method used in this article comprised three phases. The first phase explored the awareness of stigmatized service encounters by informal interviews with low-income consumers. The second phase consisted in field interviews, the collection data from 210 individuals with confirmation of discriminatory behaviors. The method utilized was the Critical Incident Technique (CIT) using Open Logos Content Analysis software for coding the emotions. The third phase consisted of detail data analysis, searching for words or concepts within texts or sets of texts, and then coded into manageable categories. In this phase, we found more than 1200 words or emotional expressions. Results showed primal emotions (fear, shame, offense) dominance in the stigma perception moment, often followed by secondary and thirdly emotions. In the last step of the process, the coping responses were important in order to understand the consumer attitudes and behaviors as part of this stigma process. The findings assure the importance of studying the stigma process to understand low-income consumer’s behaviors.

A presente pesquisa busca contribuir à compreensão do processo de constituição de debates na cultura arquitetônico-urbanística, atentando, em específico, ao aspecto da migração e adaptação de determinadas discussões de seus contextos originais para outros, à fusão e à agregação de novos significados que ocorre neste deslocamento. Para tanto, enfoca-se o V Seminário de Arquitetura Latino-americana (SAL), realizado em Santiago do Chile, em 1991. O objetivo geral é demonstrar, através do estudo da conjuntura que permitiu a realização do V SAL, a existência de uma hibridação entre os debates relativos a uma possível identidade latino-americana e à revisão do movimento moderno a partir do vocabulário tipo-morfologia entre meados dos anos 1980 e início dos anos 1990. Dissonante com o que foi habitualmente escrito e divulgado sobre os debates produzidos no interior destes seminários no período entre 1985 e 1995, no V SAL - cujo tema fora \"Nuestro Espacio Público: Propuestas Morfológicas\" - não teve seu debate pautado em questões referentes à \"modernidade apropriada\" ou à interação entre \"o espírito do tempo e o do lugar\". A tese embasa-se através de três hipóteses complementares. A primeira hipótese é que V SAL não foi uma ruptura, nem mesmo uma cesura dentro da história dos Seminários de Arquitetura Latino-americana; mas sim a assunção pública e o ápice de um debate sobre a cidade latino-americana e sua morfologia que esteve latente desde os primeiros eventos e foi majoritariamente omitido pela crítica. A segunda hipótese é que a realização do V SAL não se explica somente pela história própria dos Seminários de Arquitetura Latino-Americana; pelo contrário, este evento se insere uma série de traduções culturais do debate tipo-morfológico que buscaram vínculos latino-americanos como forma de garantir sua legitimação - e para qual parte de seus organizadores contribuiu ativamente. A terceira e última hipótese é que estes encontros e traduções culturais distintos não foram inócuos, através deles permitiram-se hibridações de conceitos e recombinações de significados nos debates originais e a construção de representações comuns sobre a morfologia de uma \"cidade latino-americana\" e a forma de se intervir nela, cujos vestígios transparecem nos debates dos SAL. Dois eixos de análises organizam o conjunto de métodos empregados e se manifestam na estrutura da tese: um insere o V SAL dentro da trajetória dos Seminários de Arquitetura Latino-americana; outro busca, a partir deste referencial, desconstruir as redes de profissionais e as traduções culturais que permitem compreender a realização do evento de Santiago do Chile. / This research has as the purpose to contribute to understanding the process of setting up debates in architectural-urban culture, noting in particular the aspect of migration and adaptation of certain ideas from their original contexts to other ones, the fusion and the addition of new meanings that occurs among these displacements. Therefore, we focus in the V Seminar of Latin-American Architecture (SAL), which had place in Santiago, Chile, in 1991. Our goal is to demonstrate, by studying the circumstances that allowed the realization of SAL V, the existence of hybridization between the debate about a possible Latin American identity and the revision of the Modern Movement by applying the type-morphology vocabulary, between mid-1980s and early 1990s. Dissonant with what was usually written and published about the debate that took place in those seminars between 1985 and 1995, the V SAL - whose theme was \"Our Public Space: Morphological proposal\" - has not discussed the \"appropriated modernity\" neither \"the interaction between the spirit of the time and spirit of the place\". The thesis relies on three complementary hypotheses. The first one is that the V SAL was not a break, nor even a gap in the history of the Seminars of Latin-American Architecture: it was the assumption and the summit of a public debate about the Latin-American city and its morphology that was underlying since the first seminar and was largely omitted by critics. The second hypothesis is that the realization of the V SAL cannot be explained only by the history of the SAL itself: on the contrary, this event is part of a series of cultural translations of the type-morphological debate that used to seek Latin-American bonds in order to ensure its legitimacy - in which part of V SAL\'s organizers had actively contributed. The third and final hypothesis is that these meetings and cultural translations were not innocuous: they allowed the construction of hybrid concepts, as well as new meanings in common representations about the urban form of the \"Latin American city\" and about how should be interventions in it, whose traces are apparent in the debates in SAL. Two axes of analysis organize the set of methods employed in the structure of the thesis: one inserts the V SAL within the path of seminars Latin American Architecture; the other searches, from this reference, to deconstruct professional networks and translations cultural that enable understanding the event of Santiago de Chile.

After the rebellion over the killing of Michael Brown, the US Justice Department reported that over-policing for the sake of monetary extraction was taking place in Ferguson, MO, with non-White and people in poverty being disproportionately targeted at the hands of the police. And while it has been shown to be present within the Ferguson community, this extraction and targeting by police is not a geographically isolated occurrence. Based on previous research, a racialized, economic-based system of oppression goes hand-in-hand with policing. But how do the qualities of these geographies affect the prominence and location of police violence on a systemic level? Through a process of identity creation and reification informed through the interaction of racial capitalism and the state, specific geographies are identified with different groups within society as a function of housing segregation. These areas are then targeted by police based on their identity and the existing social hierarchy. By using data from Fatal Encounters, an independent organization which catalogs who has been killed by police, coupled with demographic descriptors of place, I show that zip codes with higher levels of Black and Hispanic populations as well as worse-off economic measures were positively associated with an increased odds of more people being killed by police. By shedding light on the drivers of this cycle of violence, I hope to contribute to the establishment of a more just society by redefining who shall be protected from what and whose interests shall be served.

During recent years there have been noticeable shortcomings in the human encounter of people seeking some form of health care in Sweden. This is something that affects professional education within ‘the welfare state’ and implies that human expectations, societal demands and questions about knowledge, basic values and competence have become pedagogically interesting. The basic aim of the dissertation is - to contribute to a practically, relevant and theoretical in-depth understanding of the learning and teaching of ethics in professional education. By taking nursing education as an example and focussing on the human encounter of the person seeking care, the dissertation aims - by analysis of the pedagogic practice and from a critical-theoretical perspective – to provide a foundation for such an understanding. The research perspective includes a social-philosophical point of departure with a focus on Mead’s interactional view of learning and Habermas’s critical theory of social communication. Methodologically an emphasis is placed on discourse analysis. The results demonstrate how the learning and teaching of ethics in human encounters can be understood as a question of communication of both knowledge and values. In the theoretical reconstruction that follows it is shown how pedagogic actions, learning and competence can be understood as communication of and in particular contextual discourses. The six discourses are: ‘the efficiency-related discourse’, ‘the expert-related discourse’, the ‘care-related discourse’, ‘the communicative-related discourse’, ‘the egocentric discourse’ and ‘the ethnocentric discourse’, all of which are mutually related to each other. The contextual discourses focus on different values. Those that are most conducive to creating pleasant human encounters are the communicative- and the care-related discourses, which also form the foundation for the pedagogic recommendation that makes up the concluding discussion of the dissertation. The recommendation concerns a pedagogical practice that affirms, pays attention to, safeguards and challenges and thus generates creativity, as well as the legitimacy of pluralism. To engage in stimulating pedagogical discussion means being committed, taking responsibility and practicing solidarity in the profession of education. Such a ‘deliberative pedagogy’ creates possibilities for people to develop solidarity of judgement in a society that increasingly demanding that. In conclusion, the recommendation for a new and challenging human encounter-ethical-pedagogy is intended to show that ‘ideals can be realistic’. Normative recommendations do not have to be abstract visions of the future, but can be looked upon as means of focussing on alternative actions, that despite the difficulties are possible to realise – here and now.

Mäns hot och våld mot kvinnor är ett allvarligt samhällsproblem. Syftet med studien var att utifrån aktuell forskning belysa faktorer som har betydelse i mötet mellan vårdpersonal och den våldsutsatta kvinnan. Metoden som har användts var en litteraturöversikt. Vetenskapliga artiklar söktes i databaserna Cinahl, Medline, HighWire press, samt psyk INFO. Resultatet består av 12 vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan 1996-2007 . Analysen av materialet resulterade i ett antal områden.  Dessa områden är attityder och fördomar i vårdmötet, bemötande, miljöfaktorer, utbildning och screeningprogrammens betydelse, ekonomins betydelse, samarbete mellan olika yrkesgrupper, kunskap och rädsla. Det framkom i resultatet att mer utbildning av personalen är önskvärt, för att alla parter ska känna sig trygga i mötet. Genom att belysa områdena kan arbetet inom vården påbörjas för att decimera de negativa och understödja de positiva faktorerna. Resultatet talar för att undervisning om bemötande av våldsutsatta kvinnor bör ingå i utbildning för all vårdpersonal. / Men's threats and violence against women is a serious social problem. The aim of the study was to, based on current research, find and highlight factors of importance in the meeting between health professionals and the vulnerable woman. Method that was used was a literature review. Scientific articles sought in the databases Cinahl, Medline, High Wire Press, and psych INFO. The result consists of 12 scientific articles published between the years of 1996-2007. The analysis of the material resulted in a number of areas. These areas are the attitudes and prejudices in the health care meeting, treatment, environmental, education and screening programs, importance, economic importance, cooperation between different professions, knowledge and fear. It appeared in the result that for everyone to feel safe in the meeting, more professional training of staff members was to be desirable. By highlighting these areas the work in health care can begin to decrease the negative factors and support the positive ones. The results suggest that education concerning the response to women exposed to domestic violence should be included in all training of health professionals.