Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad klasslärare som arbetar i årskurs F–3 anser påverkar elevers läsmotivation samt hur de uppfattar att skönlitterära bokval och arbetsmetoder påverkar elevernas läsmotivation och läsutveckling. Bakgrundsavsnittet inleds med en redogörelse för hur inre och yttre motivation samt hur bokval och arbetsmetoder påverkar elevernas läsmotivation och läsutveckling. Studien har sin teoretiska utgångspunkt från det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande samt den motivationsbaserade teorin Self-determination theory. Datan har samlats in med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex olika klasslärare. Intervjuerna spelades in till ljudfiler för att sedan transkriberas och sammanfattas med de olika steg som ingår i en innehållsanalys. Resultatet som framkommit visar att de tillfrågade klasslärarna i enlighet med den tidigare forskning som bearbetats anser att läsmotivation kan öka elevers läsutveckling. Eftersom motivation inte är beständigt tycks det anses viktigt att klasslärarna alltid utgår från eleverna och deras intressen och erfarenheter vid arbete med skönlitteratur för att läsmotivationen ska bibehållas. Resultatet visar även att klasslärarna i enhet med tidigare forskning anser att tid är avgörande för att eleverna ska utveckla sin läsmotivation till den grad att de så småningom ska kunna bli en del av vårt kunskapssamhälle. / The purpose of the study was to investigate what classroom teachers working in grades F–3 consider affecting pupils’ reading motivation and how they perceive that fictional book choices and working methods affect pupils’ reading motivation and reading development. The background section begins with a description of how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as how choosing fiction and teaching methods affects the pupils’ reading motivation and reading development. The study has its theoretical starting point in the sociocultural perspective and in the Self-determination theory. The data of the study has been gathered through qualitative semi-structured interviews with six different primary school teachers. The interviews were recorded as audio files to be transcribed and then be summarised with the different steps by the analysis method. The result shows that, in accordance with the previous research, the asked classroom teachers believe that reading motivation can increase pupils’ reading development. Since motivation is not constant, it is important that the primary school teachers always has the students interests and experiences in mind while working with fiction in order to maintain reading motivation. The result also shows that the classroom teachers as well as previous research think that time is crucial for the pupils to develop their reading motivation to the extent that they eventually can become part of our knowledge society.

Introduction: Gamification in fitness applications is aboutstimulating and motivating users to increase physicalactivity performance through implemented game elements.This study hopes to strengthen the image of gamification asan effective motivation-boosting strategy, to counteract theeffects that a sedentary lifestyle has on the health ofindividuals through the increasing digitalization of society.Purpose and Methods: The purpose of this study is toinvestigate how extrinsic motivation can affect users ofgamified fitness applications to perform physical activity.This study used mixed methods and a combination of aquantitative and a qualitative method with a parallel designused to combine the quantitative and qualitative dataanalysis results. Results: This study can provide users withsupport in choosing fitness applications based on theirtraining habits and facilitate the development of trainingapplications by helping to create an understanding ofindividual game elements that affect potential users. As wellas provide a better understanding of how gamification infitness applications can positively impact users' motivationand how to avoid the negative aspects gamification in fitnessapplications can bring. Conclusions: Game elements cancontribute to performing physical activity to varyingdegrees. Users who act after external regulation orintrojection tend to have a weaker connection to the activitybeing performed. While users who act after identification, orintegration tend to have a stronger connection to the activitybeing performed. / Introduktion: Spelifiering inom träningsapplikationerhandlar om att stimulera och motivera användare till ett ökatutförande av fysisk aktivitet genom implementeradespelelement inom applikationer. Genom den ökandedigitalisering i samhället hoppas denna studie kunna stärkabilden av spelifiering som en effektiv motivationshöjandestrategi för att motarbeta de effekter som en sedentär livsstilhar på individers hälsa. Syfte och Metod: Syftet med dennastudie är att undersöka hur yttre motivation kan påverkaanvändare av spelifierade träningsapplikationer att utförafysisk aktivitet. Denna studie nyttjade mixade metoder, en kombination av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ metod meden parallell design som användes för att sammanföraresultaten av den kvantitativa- och den kvalitativadataanalysen. Resultat: Resultatet från denna studie kanförse användare med stöd vid valet av träningsapplikationerutifrån deras individuella träningsvanor och underlätta vidutvecklingen av träningsapplikationer genom att hjälpaskapa förståelse för individuella spelelements påverkan påpotentiella användare. Samt ge en bättre förståelse för hurspelifiering inom träningsapplikationer kan ha en positivinverkan på användares motivation och hur man kanundvika de negativa aspekter spelifiering inomträningsapplikationer kan föra med sig. Slutsats:Spelelement kan bidra till utförandet av fysisk aktivitet tillen varierande grad. Användare som agerar efter externstyrning eller introjektion tenderar att ha en svagareanknytning till den aktivitet som utförs. Medan användaresom agerar efter identifiering eller integration tenderar att haen starkare anknytning till den aktivitet som utförs.

Teleworking is an alternative way of working that has existed for several years and due to the Coronavirus pandemic, that started at the end of 2019, teleworking has increased drastically. For this reason, this quantitative study aims to identify the relation between telework and work motivation in terms of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. We have constructed 4 hypotheses where we test the relation between work motivation and telework based on different categories of employees through a regression analysis. The results show that intrinsic motivation has a positive correlation with telework while extrinsic motivation shows a neutral correlation with telework. With the help of a descriptive statistic that shows the number 5 on a scale from 1 to 7, it can be stated that participating employees have a positive attitude in terms of how motivated they are with a focus on intrinsic motivation. In terms of extrinsic motivation, we have received the number 4, which indicates that the participants have a neutral attitude. Finally, the data analysis shows that employees who have families with children show higher intrinsic motivation and less extrinsic motivation during teleworking. It has also been found that the more employees work remotely, the higher the internal motivation.

The Diploma thesis is focused on improvement personnel management in PESTAN company. At first is described the theoretical knowledge regards to personnel activities in small and middle companies, which was processed on basis of specialized literature. In the next part I characterized PESTAN company and analyzed its personnel activities. On basis of gained knowledge I determined proposals focused on improving a current situation.

This study aims to investigate reading interest and motivation of pupils in grade 3 in relation to multilingualism and gender. The methods used are quantitative methods through surveys and qualitative methods through follow-up interviews that investigate what attitude to fiction the pupils express and what the pupils themselves think affect their attitude. The results of the study show that pupils multilingualism and gender affiliation have no significance for their reading interest and reading motivation. Multilingual pupils and monolingual pupils showed equal reading interest and motivation and the results of the study showed no differences between girls and boys reading interest and motivation. The result of the study is however not a generalizable result due to the low participation as it only was 41 out of 56 pupils that participated in the survey.

Gamification är appliceringen av spelmekanismer i icke-spelkontextuella miljöer för att skapa motivation som kan användas för att utföra uppgifter. Denna uppsats avsåg utforska hur det appliceras och utvecklas på djupet, med fokusering på hur spelmekanismer påverkar inre och yttre motivation. I denna studie intervjuades gamification-konsulter för sin erfarenhet inom området och Self-Determination Theory (SDT) användes som analysmodell. Resultaten visar att utvecklandet av ett gamification-system har två oberoende variabler från vilka flera beroende variabler stammar. För att bestämma de mekanismer som bör användas behöver dels tidshorisont bestämmas, dels spelartyp. Således är processen för att bestämma hur eller om gamification ska appliceras lång och komplex, men att bestämma vilken typ av motivation som ska skapas beroende på tidshorisont är ett första steg för att konkretisera gamification-processen. / Gamification is the application of game mechanics in non-game contexts to create motivation to accomplish tasks. This thesis sought to delve deeper into how it is applied and developed, with a focus on how game mechanics affect intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. In the study gamification consultants were interviewed for their experience in the field and a Self-Determination Theory (SDT) view was applied in the analysis of their answers. The results show that the development of a gamification system has two independent variables from which several dependable variables spring. To determine the mechanics that should be used the time horizon has to be determined as well as player type. Thus, the decision of how or if to gamify a situation is long and complex in its application, but the determination of which type of motivation to induce is a first step to concretize how to gamify a system.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the interplay between agile and mechanistic management control and the motivation of the employees affected by them, and thereby contribute to the understanding of how management control interplays with motivation. Research question: How does agile and mechanistic management control interplay with employees’ motivation in the management consulting profession? Methodology: Qualitative research with Semi-structured interviews. Seven management consultants from different firms were interviewed. Findings: Agile management control was found to be somewhat more commonly occurring than mechanistic management control among the respondents. Agile management control was seen as more motivating than mechanistic. Personal development was found to be the most prevalent part of intrinsic motivation in this study. Contributions: This paper contributes to the existing literature by offering a perspective of management control’s interplay with motivation specifically for management consultants. This interplay can be seen as being focused on personal development, possibly due to the employees’ motivation to choose this field.

Abstract Date: 2022-06-01  Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 credit  Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University  Authors: Betty Estifanos (990719)              Kristina Al Swiri (990119)  Title: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation; a study regarding long- and short-term motivation in Handelsbanken  Supervisor: Johan Grinbergs  Keywords: Motivation, Intrinsic motivation, Extrinsic motivation, Long-term motivation, Short-term motivation   Research question: How are employees motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors? In what way do different motivational factors have a long-term or short-term effect for long-term employment?  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how bank employees experience short- and long-term motivational incentives and what effect this has on the likelihood of their long-term employment. A number of established theoretical approaches to this problem have been surveyed. The survey contributes to an increased understanding of how employees are motivated by internal and external motivation.  Method: This study has applied a qualitative method, where the empirical material was collected by use of semi-structured interviews. A total of eight interviews were conducted whereafter their empirical content was analyzed on the basis of the selected theories, this to answer the questions and purpose of the investigation.  Conclusion: This study has concluded that the external motivation factors can have a significant long-term effect, which contradicts what the theoretical models argue. / Sammanfattning   Datum: 2022-06-01  Nivå: Kandidatuppsats Företagsekonomi, 15 hp  Akademi: Akademi för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet  Författare: Betty Estifanos (990719)          Kristina Al Swiri (990119)  Titel: Inre och yttre motivation; en undersökning avseende lång- och kortvarig motivation på Handelsbanken  Handledare: Johan Grinbergs  Nyckelord: Motivation, Inre motivation, Yttre motivation, Långvarig motivation, Kortvarig motivation  Forskningsfrågor: Hur motiveras medarbetare av inre och yttre faktorer? På vilket sätt har olika motivationsfaktorer långvarig eller kortvarig effekt i långsiktig anställning?  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur bankanställda upplever kortvariga och långvariga motivationsincitament samt vilken effekt det har på långsiktigheten av en anställning. Ett antal tidigare teoretiska undersökningar rörande denna fråga redovisas. Undersökningen bidrar till ökad förståelse av hur medarbetarna påverkas av inre och yttre motivation.  Metod: Studien har tillämpat en kvalitativ metod där det empiriska materialet samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt genomfördes åtta intervjuer var efter det empiriska innehållet analyserades på grundval av de valda teorierna för att besvara undersökningens frågeställningar och syfte.   Slutsats: Denna undersökning har kommit fram till att de yttre motivationsfaktorerna kan ha en betydande långsiktig effekt, som går emot vad de teoretiska modellerna förespråkar.

In many Higher Education institutions, fun or enjoyment represents purposelessness, and is often characterised as something that should only be indulged in at specific times, in measured ways, and on special occasions. Play and games are thus often assigned a role that is secondary to ‘real’ work. This essentially artificial separation between work and play has had a profound effect on traditional learning theories and educational design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the metaphor of a game in the interaction, dynamics and complexities of a web-based module that is presented to adult learners. The uniqueness of this study is attributable to a combination of the following elements: • games and play, and their motivational potential and value for adults • adult learners, group complexities and dynamics, and the various kinds of online interactions to which learners are subjected • the World Wide Web as a learning environment. The case study upon which this thesis is based is the facilitation of a particular module that is presented as part of a two-year tutored Masters degree in Computer Integrated Education at the University of Pretoria. The presentation of the module simulated the spirit and atmosphere of Survivor / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2004. / Curriculum Studies / PhD / Unrestricted

This study aimed to investigate the motivation of a number of Swedish upper secondary students in terms of learning English, as well as their two English teachers’ understanding of this motivation, and how teacher roles and teaching methods might be crucial for students’ motivation to learn English at upper secondary level. The data was collected and analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively, as both a questionnaire and interviews were chosen as data collection methods. In terms of results, a variety of levels and sources of motivation were indicated by both the students and the teachers that participated in the study. Among other things, the teacher’s approach and attitude as well as choice of teaching methods play a crucial role for students’ motivation to learn English. For example, creating a safe classroom climate, showing enthusiasm and a positive outlook as well as working with the students' interests, are all factors that can help teachers in improving student motivation both individually and collectively.