Marie Eugenie delle Grazies Drama Der Schatten wurde am 28. September 1901 im Wiener Hofburgtheater, einer der bedeutendsten Bühnen Europas, uraufgeführt, jedoch nach nur vier Vorstellungen abgesetzt. Das mit dem Bauernfeld-Preis ausgezeichnete Stück bildet den Zenit von delle Grazies literarischem Schaffen und beinhaltet Diskurse von hohem damaligem Stellenwert, die uns einen tieferen Einblick, vom Standpunkt der modernen Frau, ins Fin-de-Siècle Wien geben können. Das Drama und seine Dichterin wurden im Wien der Jahrhundertwende sowohl gefeiert als auch gerügt. Delle Grazie hatte mit Vorurteilen gegen sie als Frau und Dichterin, sowie mit der Kritik an ihrer unkonventionellen Dramaturgie zu kämpfen. Betrachtet man Der Schatten jedoch im Kontext der Zeit, wird schnell erkennbar, dass die Wiener Dichterin sich vorzüglich darauf verstand die Diskurse ihrer Zeit aufzugreifen und künstlerisch und unikal zu verarbeiten. Inhaltlich ist ihr Protagonist, der Dichter Ernst Werner, die moderne Antwort auf Goethes Faust. Werner ist der faustische Künstler, der sich in freudscher Fasson mit seiner dunklen Seite, seinem Schatten, auseinandersetzt. Dabei werden immer wieder Nietzsches philosophische Ideen thematisiert, insbesondere die des Übermenschen, der sich seine Welt neu erschafft. Darüberhinaus weist das Drama in seiner Darstellung ritualistische Charakteristen auf und erschöpft in seiner Thematik postmodernes Gedankengut, wie es im Film der Jahrtausendwende problematisiert wird.

<p>The fluid dynamics of blood in the systemic circulation modulates production of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. Non-invasive techniques such as the flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test and physiologic phenomena associated with autonomic stress induce hyperemia and subsequently higher levels of wall shear stress (WSS), stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. In the current clinical practice, WSS–a key regulator of endothelial function–is commonly estimated assuming a parabolic velocity distribution, despite the evidence that the temporal changes of pulsatile blood flow over the cardiac cycle modulate vasodilation in mammals. This work investigates the effect of cardiovascular stress on local WSS distributions and the potential for near-wall accumulation of nitrite, the vasoactive storage form of NO in the bloodstream. The specific aims of the project are therefore as follows: 1) develop a reduced-order model of the major systemic vasculature at rest, during a flight-or-flight response, and under moderate levels of aerobic exercise; 2) derive a velocity-driven Womersley solution for pulsatile flow to support accurate estimation of pulsatile WSS in the clinical setting; and 3) quantify cumulative transport of nitrite in a multiscale model of bifurcating vasculature utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Development of these open-source, translatable methods enable accurate quantification of hemodynamics and species transport during cardiovascular stress. Results detailed herein extend our knowledge about regulation of regional blood flow during autonomic stress, suggest a convergent evolutionary theory for having a complete circle of Willis, and potentially clarify reproducibility concerns associated with the FMD test. </p>

This thesis contributes to debates on the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in global governance by asking if their participation in the global response to HIV/AIDS has been transformative – with transformation conceptualized as change towards a more equitable order. Adopting a critical International Relations approach, and applying qualitative methods, it analyzes how CSOs used the initial failure of biomedical responses to the epidemic to advance a human rights frame, which justified their participation in global governance. This frame complemented conceptions of AIDS exceptionalism, and has recently shifted in response to an increased focus on key populations. CSOs continue to advance the rights frame in global institutions – the focus here being on how they have done so within UNAIDS and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis. However, rigid bureaucracies and dominant power relationships limit CSOs’ ability to transform these institutions to be more responsive to and representative of those affected by the epidemic. CSOs have further struggled to influence the largest global donors of the HIV/AIDS response – the Global Fund and PEPFAR – to direct greater resources to rights-based initiatives, despite CSO participation in resource mobilization. Though CSO participation has been restricted by donor state power, bureaucratic structures, and changes in the political economy of global health, CSOs have continued to promote potentially transformative alternatives, and so have continued to represent the interests of those most affected by the epidemic. This allows potential for further transformative alternatives.

No description available.

[pt] Esta dissertação trata da luta das mães nas favelas do Rio de Janeiro em busca de justiça pelos seus filhos assassinados por policias militares e agentes do Estado. O enfrentamento entre as mães e o Estado brasileiro é atravessado por questões de classe, raça e gênero que nos permitem entender de que modo essas mães se relacionam com o Estado. Buscando compreender a luta dessas mulheres, analiso como a população negra, pobre e favelada tem sido historicamente marginalizada pelo Estado brasileiro através da construção de um imaginário da favela como um problema na cidade. Na medida em que as políticas de pacificação das favelas matam seus filhos, as mães saem de suas casas e vão para os espaços públicos trazendo em seus corpos a soberania de terem gerado a vida enquanto que o Estado brasileiro a tira. A luta das mães representa uma disputa por significado de soberania, de poder e saber, pois ao gritarem a dor da perda de seus filhos, elas questionam o caráter soberano do Estado-nação brasileiro. As vozes dessas mães em luta colocam em disputa a ideia de soberania estatal, questão central para as Relações Internacionais. / [en] This dissertation deals with the mothers struggle in favelas of Rio de Janeiro in search of justice for their children murdered by military police and other State agents. The confrontations between mothers and the Brazilian State is crossed by issues of class, race and gender which allow us to understand in which way these mothers are related with the State. Trying to understand the struggle of these women I analyze how the black, poor and slum dwellers population has been historically marginalized by the Brazilian State through the construction of an imaginary of slum as a problem of the city. In as much as the politics of pacification of slums kill their children, the mothers get out of their homes and go to public spaces bringing in their bodies the sovereignty of having given the life meanwhile the Brazilian State take it away. The voices of these mothers in struggle put in dispute the idea of state sovereignty, main issue for International Relations.

Ultra-high dose rate proton radiation has the potential to improve cancer treatment by reducing the normal tissue complication probability and, at the same time, reaching the tumor control probability known from conventional photon radiation therapy. Here, the ultra-high dose rate leads to normal tissue sparing via the FLASH effect. Before a clinical implementation is possible, the proton FLASH effect requires translational research via in-vivo irradiation studies with small animals. Laser plasma-based accelerators (LPAs) for protons offer unique opportunities for studying the proton FLASH effect, since the proton dose rate at LAPs is in the order of 10^9 Gy/s, which is unreached at conventional medical proton accelerators. Different to medical proton accelerators, LPAs are operated in a pulsed mode and feature a lower beam stability caused by inherent pulse-to-pulse fluctuations of the acceleration process. To ensure successful in-vivo irradiation studies, advanced beam delivery, monitoring and dosimetry concepts for an online-monitored application of the 3D dose distribution in the target volume (TV) of the in-vivo sample are needed. The detectors and dosimetric concept developed in this thesis enable the world wide frst pilot radiobiological in-vivo study with LPA protons, where mouse ear tumors are irradiated with ultra-high dose rate proton pulses. For performing the radiobiological study, the ALBUS-2S (Advanced Laser-driven Beamlines for User-specifc Studies - 2 Solenoids) beamline is used, which is installed at the compact petawatt (PW) laser system DRACO (Dresden laser acceleration source) at HZDR (Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf). In this thesis, a scintillator-based time-of-fight (ToF) beam monitoring sytem (BMS) is developed, which records single-pulse proton energy spectra in transmission at the ALBUS-2S beamline. A relative energy uncertainty of 5.5 % (1σ) is reached for the ToF BMS, allowing for a Monte Carlo simulation-based prediction of depth dose profiles at the irradiation site. The ToF BMS is used for characterization of the ALBUS-2S LPA beamline for application-oriented parameters, in order to qualify the LPA proton source for radiobiological in-vivo studies. Furthermore, a dosimetry and beam monitoring concept for in-vivo irradiations of small target volumes with LPA protons is presented in this thesis. With the overall relative dose uncertainty of 7.4 % (2σ) for the specifc mouse ear tumor irradiation scenario, the concept enables verifcation of accurate volumetric dose delivery to the mm-scale TVs. In addition, tomography-based approaches with scintillators are investigated as detectors for online 3D dose measurement at LPAs. The miniature scintillator dosimeter (miniSCIDOM) detector, which is developed in the scope of this thesis, is used for online 3D dose measurements in 1 cm^3 volumes with < 1 mm^3 resolution at the irradiation site of the ALBUS-2S beamline. For online 3D dose measurements directly behind the LPA proton source of the DRACO PW laser system, the optical cone beam tomograph for proton online dosimetry (OCTOPOD) detector is developed. The OCTOPOD detector has a sensitive volume of 5 cm-diameter and water equivalent thickness of 4.3 cm, which is sufficient to stop 70 MeV protons. It is designed to reach a spatial resolution of 1 mm^3. The detectors developed in this thesis are optimized tools for source-to-sample characterization of LPA beamlines and hence are an essential contribution for radiobiological in-vivo studies with LPA protons.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T12:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1_ElianeBritoDeLima_Intro_AnexoD.pdf: 3685528 bytes, checksum: ab82e1e5af861ef2f01cf024fb05684b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-30 / Interest in the problems concerning the relationships between cultural diversity and school life is increasing in academic circles as a special theme within the search for a truly democratic school. The aim of this work was to analyze pedagogical practices of elementary school teachers, verifying how cultural plurality is treated in the classrooms of municipal schools of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. The analysis initially focused on different conceptions of multiculturalism and interculturalism, as well as on the proposal of the cross-curricular theme Cultural Plurality, which is part of the national curriculum for elementary grades, emergent within the educational policy framework of the 1990s. A qualitative multicase study of two schools was carried, with data collection from the observation of four classrooms, two in each of the selected schools, focusing on teachers pedagogical practices. A pedagogical work dynamic that varied between postures, practices and discourses of cultural homogenization and attempts to contemplate the diversity present in the classroom was verified. Overall, the research evidenced pedagogical practices that favored the construction of a multi/intercultural critical education based on a dialogical and difference inclusive perspective, as well as challenges that still need to be overcome. / A problemática das relações entre diversidade cultural e cotidiano escolar vem conquistando um espaço cada vez mais crescente no meio acadêmico, tornando-se um tema de especial relevância na busca de uma escola verdadeiramente democrática. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar as práticas pedagógicas de professoras das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, verificando como é tratada a pluralidade cultural em sala de aula, em escolas da rede municipal de Campina Grande-PB. Partimos da análise das diferentes concepções de multi/interculturalismo, bem como da proposta de Pluralidade Cultural como tema transversal, integrante dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de 1ª a 4ª séries do Ensino Fundamental, elaborados pelo Ministério da Educação, no cenário da política educacional da década de 1990. Adotamos a pesquisa qualitativa, realizando um estudo multicaso, envolvendo duas escolas municipais de Campina Grande. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de observações em quatro turmas, sendo duas em cada uma das escolas selecionadas, focalizando a prática pedagógica das professoras. Em nossa investigação, verificamos uma dinâmica de trabalho que oscila entre posturas, práticas e discursos que ora reforça a homogeneização cultural, ora demonstra o interesse e/ou esforço das professoras para contemplarem a diversidade presente no cotidiano da sala de aula. A pesquisa possibilitou-nos evidenciar práticas pedagógicas que favorecem a construção de uma educação multi/intercultural crítica, fundamentada numa perspectiva dialógica, onde as diferenças possam conviver, embora também aponte inúmeros desafios a serem superados, diante do contexto histórico, político, econômico e sociocultural no qual estamos inseridos/as.

Crime is as old as mankind. It started with an incident of theft inside Paradise and a murder outside. In order to understand the phenomenon of crime several theories were formulated over time. One fact should be recognized: All forms of trauma can be reduced to a single common factor: Control – or better said: a lack of control. A lack of personal control causes tension; tension leads to desperation; desperation leads to irresponsibility. Then the door to crime is unlocked. Fortunately all irresponsibilities doesn’t lead to crime. In order to understand the offender it is imperative to understand his background. The relationship between childhood trauma and crime cannot be denied. It is a fact that childhood traumas can lead to abnormal brain development in early childhood. For this reason special attention is paid to the processes involved in brain development, both in normal children and in maltreated ones. If not identified and intervened in time, it can lead to a situation where the cycle of frustration and desperation, and eventually crime, cannot be interrupted - not even by prisonization. Management of change (rehabilitation) must reckon with the influence of said traumas on the brain development of children. Efforts to rehabilitate the offender becomes senseless if applied for an hour once a week. Such efforts cannot repair the damage done by negative influences repeated thousands of times over many years. In the same vein it is fruitless to aim therapeutic interventions on the reason of man hoping to repair the emotional damage of his childhood. For this reason the Neurosequential Method of Therapeutics holds promise in the quest for the rehabilitation of the offender and in the fight against crime. / Penology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Thesis (MA (Afrikaans and Dutch))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / In fulfilment of the degree of Magister in Creative Writing: Afrikaans, a novel titled Kielhaal (Keelhaul) is presented in which the main character figures as an abject hero. It is accompanied by a formal essay titled “Die abjekte held in Steppenwolf, Fight Club en A Whistling Woman” (“The abject hero in Steppenwolf, Fight Club and A Whistling Woman”). The essay researches the application of the abject hero in literary texts.

臣下敢在君主深惡痛絕之下結黨爭權，君主的領導方法或能力，一定有所欠缺，縱使英明強幹的君主，如其在重大問題上遲疑不決，或已決定而又起動搖，臣下即可能結黨相爭，如果君主採用「分而治之」的手段，利用臣下的對立，以維護君權，也可能引起黨爭；如果君主不能明斷，則君主已失其定分止爭的作用。臣下為求取勝利，自不免結黨以爭，如果君權已經旁落，則君主為求收回權力、或臣僚中之不滿於竊取權力者，亦將結黨以爭，漢、唐、宋、明各代的黨爭無不如此。 故就東漢、中唐、北宋、晚明等黨爭的形成原因來說，均難謂為出於某一單純原因而係由於各種因素的湊合，例如東漢黨爭的形成，君權旁落與取士制度關係取大，仕途壅塞則其助力，中唐牛李黨爭的形成，政策的不同，取士制度，均為主要原因，而君主所採「分而治之」的手段，君不明斷，仕途壅塞，均有助力，北宋的范仲淹、王安石及其反對者的鬥爭，主因即在學術政策的不同，地域的不同，君主的領導方式，亦有重要關係，晚明黨爭的發生，君主的領導無方最為重要原因，品性、地域的不同， 仕途的壅塞，取士制度等，均有關係。 最後我們認為朋黨的形成，一般都是出於「弱者」意識，所謂弱者，亦即自認其利益未被照顧或未被妥善照顧的人，這種人往往構成一個「不滿的利益集團」，不論何時何地，只要有「不滿的利益集團」存在，即可能出現朋黨。