Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-06T19:02:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoPardoSeveriano_DISSERT.pdf: 3158283 bytes, checksum: 55badc2475ae7d283bbd566258aadd9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-18T00:23:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoPardoSeveriano_DISSERT.pdf: 3158283 bytes, checksum: 55badc2475ae7d283bbd566258aadd9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-18T00:23:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoPardoSeveriano_DISSERT.pdf: 3158283 bytes, checksum: 55badc2475ae7d283bbd566258aadd9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-31 / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de abordar o conceito de c?nicas, suas dedu??es, caracteriza??es e representa??es gr?ficas. Est? dividido em tr?s cap?tulos. No primeiro cap?tulo ser?o abordados o contexto hist?rico de c?nicas e a dedu??o da sua equa??o geral. No cap?tulo seguinte, abordaremos a caracteriza??o das c?nicas a partir da equa??o geral e defiiremos uma c?nica por 5 pontos dados. O ?ltimo cap?tulo apresenta sugest?es de aulas sobre cada tipo de c?nica, com constru??es no GeoGebra.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioEFF.pdf: 720128 bytes, checksum: febce55b295b3d3be15f1c24bf498884 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Na unfolding method of linear intercept distributions and secction ?rea distribution was implemented for structures with spherical grains. Although the unfolding routine depends on the grain shape, structures with spheroidal grains can also be treated by this routine. Grains of non-spheroidal shape can be treated only as approximation. A software was developed with two parts. The first part calculates the probability matrix. The second part uses this matrix and minimizes the chi-square. The results are presented with any number of size classes as required. The probability matrix was determined by means of the linear intercept and section area distributions created by computer simulation. Using curve fittings the probability matrix for spheres of any sizes could be determined. Two kinds of tests were carried out to prove the efficiency of the Technique. The theoretical tests represent ideal cases. The software was able to exactly find the proposed grain size distribution. In the second test, a structure was simulated in computer and images of its slices were used to produce the corresponding linear intercept the section area distributions. These distributions were then unfolded. This test simulates better reality. The results show deviations from the real size distribution. This deviations are caused by statistic fluctuation. The unfolding of the linear intercept distribution works perfectly, but the unfolding of section area distribution does not work due to a failure in the chi-square minimization. The minimization method uses a matrix inversion routine. The matrix generated by this procedure cannot be inverted. Other minimization method must be used / A rotina de desdobramento (unfolding) de distribui??es de intercepto linear e de ?rea de se??o foi implementada para gr?os de formato esf?rico. Apesar da rotina de unfolding ser fortemente dependente do formato do gr?o, estruturas que possuam gr?os com formatos esferoidais podem ser tratadas com esta rotina. Mesmo estruturas com gr?os de formatos n?o esferoidais podem ser tratadas por aproxima??o. Um programa com duas partes foi desenvolvido. Primeira parte determina a tabela de probabilidades. A segunda utiliza esta tabela e aplica o m?todo de minimiza??o do chi-quadrado. Os resultados s?o dados em qualquer n?mero de classes de tamanho de gr?o requerido pelo usu?rio. A tabela de probabilidade foi determinada a partir de distribui??es de intercepto linear e de ?rea de se??o geradas por simula??o computacional. Por meio de ajustes de curvas de distribui??o, tabelas de probabilidades para esferas de qualquer tamanho podem ser determinadas. Dois tipos de testes foram executados para verificar a efici?ncia do m?todo. Os testes te?ricos representam situa??es ideais. O programa conseguiu reproduzir com exatid?o as distribui??es de tamanho de gr?o sugeridas. Os testes simulados consistem em simular em computador distribui??es de tamanho de gr?os e executar todo o procedimento metalogr?fico usual. Este tipo de teste ? mais pr?ximo da situa??o real. Os resultados deste tipo de teste mostram que a rotina de medi??o estereol?gica introduz desvios estat?sticos, afastando o resultado encontrado do valor real. Contudo, a rotina de unfolding funciona perfeitamente para a distribui??o de intercepto linear. No caso de unfolding de ?rea de se??o, a minimiza??o do chi-quadrado pelo m?todo matricial gera matrizes n?o invers?veis e n?o pode ser aplicada. Outro m?todo de minimiza??o deve ser buscado

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GlebaCLS_TESE_PARCIAL.pdf: 867517 bytes, checksum: 987b25ef4fe3ce3f0c98936233c9caed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In the State Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, the most significant deposits of minerals in the production of granite and pegmatite are Serid? region. Municipalities of Parelhas and Equador are the main responsible for the production of feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. The ceramic industries are always in search of competitiveness by investing in new products or improving existing techniques. The stoneware is a type of pottery that stands in the market because it presents technical and aesthetic characteristics superior to other existing products. Characteristics of the raw materials initially obtained with chemical analysis and mineralogical analysis are crucial in getting a product that satisfies the conditions in a manufacturing process and is, in principle, directly related to the firing cycle. This research aimed at developing new formulations for the mass production of ceramic stoneware. The raw materials initially characterized were feldspar, quartz, kaolin and granite. As part of the research was developed at the University of Aveiro, in Portugal, we used two clays used in the production of Portuguese ceramics. The raw material Brazilian and Portuguese and the final product, both in Portugal and Brazil, were analyzed for X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, granulometric analysis, dilatometric analysis, thermal analysis and analysis of scanning electron microscopy (MEV). The specimens prepared at the University of Aveiro (DECV) were sintered at 10000C and 12000C and the specimens prepared in UFRN were sintered at 10000C, 10500C, 11000C, 11500C, 12000C, 12500C and 13000C, but the best results and demonstrating the presence of the mineral mullite were at temperatures of 12000C, 12500C and 13000C. The results showed that the granite waste used may be considered raw material of excellent quality for use in the ceramic industry and coating floors and more accurately by the industry of stoneware. Physical and mechanical tests conducted on samples of the formulations F01 and F02 developed in UFRN showed a water absorption and mechanical strength suitable for the stoneware / No estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, as jazidas mais expressivas na produ??o de minerais de pegmatito e granito est?o na regi?o do Serid?. Os munic?pios de Parelhas e Equador s?o os principais respons?veis pela produ??o de feldspato, quartzo caulim e granito. As ind?strias cer?micas est?o sempre em busca de competitividade, investindo em novos produtos e/ou aprimorando as t?cnicas existentes. O gr?s porcelanato ? um tipo de cer?mica que se destaca no mercado, pois apresenta caracter?sticas t?cnicas e est?ticas superiores a de outros produtos existentes. As caracter?sticas das mat?rias-primas obtidas inicialmente com a an?lise qu?mica e a an?lise mineral?gica s?o decisivas para que se obtenha um produto com as condi??es que satisfa?a a um processo de fabrica??o estando, a princ?pio, diretamente relacionados com o ciclo de queima. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de novas formula??es de massas cer?micas para a produ??o de gr?s porcelanato. As mat?rias-primas caracterizadas inicialmente foram o feldspato, o quartzo, o caulim e o granito. Como parte da pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Universidade de Aveiro, em Portugal, foram usadas duas argilas empregadas na produ??o de cer?micas portuguesas. A mat?ria-prima brasileira e portuguesa e o produto final, tanto em Portugal como no Brasil, foram submetidos ?s an?lises de fluoresc?ncia de raios-X, difra??o de raios-X, an?lise granulom?trica, an?lise dilatom?trica, an?lises t?rmicas e an?lises de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os corpos de prova preparados na Universidade de Aveiro (DECV) foram sinterizados a 1000 ?C e 1200 ?C e os corpos de prova preparados na UFRN foram sinterizados a 1000 ?C, 1050 ?C, 1100 ?C, 1150 ?C, 1200 ?C, 1250 ?C e 1300 ?C, por?m os melhores resultados obtidos e que evidenciaram a presen?a do mineral mulita foram nas temperaturas de 1200 ?C, 1250 ?C e 1300 ?C. Os resultados mostraram que o res?duo de granito usado pode ser considerado mat?ria-prima de excelente qualidade para uso na ind?stria cer?mica de pisos e revestimento e mais exatamente pela ind?stria de gr?s porcelanato. Os ensaios f?sicos e mec?nicos realizados nos corpos de prova das formula??es 01 e 02 desenvolvidas na UFRN apresentaram uma absor??o de ?gua e resist?ncia mec?nica pr?prias para o gr?s

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcioLVNM.pdf: 5750272 bytes, checksum: b9659e465f3e2145cd82ea67e7bd6083 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Nowadays, industries from all sectors have great concerns over the disposition of the residues generated along the productive process. This is not different in the mineral sector, as this generates great volumes of residues. It was verified that the kaolin improvement industry generates great volumes of residue basically constituted of kaolinite, muscovite mica and quartz, which are basic constitution elements to formularisations of ceramics masses to the production of covering of stoneware tiles type. This happens because the methodology applied to the improvement process is still very rudimentary, what causes a very low yield, only ? from all the material volume that enters the improvement process, in the end, is marketable. The disposal of this residue, in a general way, causes a very big negative environmental impact, what has justified the researches efforts aiming to find a rational solution to this problem. In this way, the intention of this present work is the utilization of this residue in the manufacture of products to high quality ceramics covering, stoneware tiles in an industrial scale. For this purpose, the influence of the addition of the residue to a standard ceramics mass used by a ceramics sector company, already established in the market, with the intention of verifying the possibility of use of this residue as the mass complementary raw material and even the possible partial or total substitution of one of the components of the mass for the raw material in evidence will be studied. To the accomplishment of this work, the kaolin improvement residue generated by an industry of exploitation and improvement of kaolin, located in the region of Equador-RN, in the levels 1,2,4,8, 16 and 32% will be added to the standard mass already used for the production of stoneware tiles. The raw materials used, kaolin residue and the standard mass, were characterized through DRX, FRX, DTA, TGA and dilatometry. After the sintering of the bodies of test, tests of water absorption, apparent porosity, post burning linear retraction, apparent specific mass and flexural strength (3 point bending) were realized to determinate the technological properties of these materials. The results show the studied residue can be considered raw material of great potential to the industry of floor and ceramics covering of the stoneware tiles type / Atualmente, h? uma grande preocupa??o por parte das ind?strias, de todos os setores, com a disposi??o dos res?duos gerados ao longo do processo produtivo. No setor mineral n?o ? diferente, pois este gera grandes volumes de res?duos. Verificou-se que a ind?stria de beneficiamento do caulim gera grandes volumes de res?duo constitu?do basicamente de caulinita, mica muscovita e quartzo, que s?o constituintes b?sicos para formula??es das massas cer?micas para produ??o de revestimento tipo porcelanato, isso se d? porque a metodologia aplicada no processo de beneficiamento ainda ? muito rudimentar o que ocasiona um rendimento muito baixo, apenas 1/4 de todo o volume de material que entra do processo de beneficiamento, ao final, ? produto comercializ?vel. O descarte desse res?duo, de um modo geral, ocasiona um impacto ambiental negativo muito grande, o que tem justificado os esfor?os de pesquisas visando encontrar uma solu??o racional para este problema. Deste modo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo a utiliza??o desse res?duo na fabrica??o de produtos para revestimento cer?mico de alta qualidade, gr?s e/ou porcelanato, em escala industrial. Para isso ser? estudada a influ?ncia do acr?scimo do mesmo a uma massa cer?mica padr?o utilizada por uma empresa do setor cer?mico, j? consolidada no mercado, com a inten??o de verificar a possibilidade de uso desse res?duo como mat?ria-prima completar desta massa em quest?o. Para a realiza??o deste trabalho ser? adicionado o res?duo do beneficiamento do caulim gerado por uma ind?stria de explora??o e beneficiamento de caulim, localizada na regi?o de Equador-RN, nos teores de 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32% na massa padr?o j? utilizada para produ??o de porcelanato. As mat?rias-primas utilizadas, res?duo de caulim e a massa padr?o, foram caracterizadas atrav?s de DRX, FRX, DTA, ATG e dilatometria. Ap?s sinteriza??o dos corpos-de-prova foram realizados ensaios de absor??o de ?gua, porosidade aparente, retra??o linear ap?s queima, massa espec?fica aparente e tens?o de ruptura ? flex?o tr?s pontos para determina??o das propriedades tecnol?gicas destes materiais. Os resultados mostram que o res?duo estudado pode ser considerado como mat?ria-prima de grande potencial para a ind?stria de pisos e revestimentos cer?micos do tipo porcelanato. De acordo com os resultados obtidos verificou-se a possibilidade de utiliza??o do res?duo de caulim em um percentual de at? 16% de adi??o a massa padr?o, MP16. Essa formula??o apresentou resultados compat?veis com os exigidos pela norma em vigor, NBR 13818/1997 Placas cer?micas para revestimento especifica??o e m?todos de ensaios, al?m de diminuir o custo da massa e o custo com energia durante o ciclo de queima. Observou-se que o valor do m?dulo de ruptura a flex?o em tr?s pontos encontrado na temperatura 1210 ?C (55,4 MPa) ? inferior ao obtido quando se sinteriza a mesma formula??o MP16 a 1230 ?C (61,3 MPa). Por?m, o exigido pela norma em vigor s?o 35 MPa, que est? muito abaixo do menor valor. Para os outros ensaios, os valores obtidos para esta formula??o sinterizada a 1210 ?C s?o sempre melhores que os resultados a 1230 ?C

Rural tourism is a long-established practice in the industrialised West, but it is a comparatively recent and on-going development in postsocialist contexts. This thesis examines the development of rural tourism in Romania and draws on fieldwork carried out in one of the oldest and most popular destinations of the country, as well as in a newer and less visited location. As homestays are central to rural tourism, my research has an extensive focus on what happens with guesthouses and their owners. Countryside tourism is a practice grounded in a discourse that praises images of unspoilt nature, close-knit communities, material and cultural heritage and natural healthy food. Discourses about rurality also suggest that for city dwellers, village stays in their own countries can provide a way of getting in touch with their national identity, building, at the same time a sense of belonging. In Romania, such discourses are promoted by NGOs, state institutions and tour operators that aim to develop rural tourism. In spite of their efforts, in the destinations that I studied, rural tourism has strayed away from the ideal model. Instead of bucolic cottages inspired by the vernacular architecture of the region, hosts welcome their guests into large, modern villas equipped with state-of-the art amenities. Tourists too show a strong concern with material aspects of their accommodation, they rarely venture in outdoor pursuits and have little interest in notions of ‘heritage’ or ‘traditions’. My findings show that the lived experiences of local entrepreneurs have shaped worldviews that in many respects are at odds with the ideal models and best tourism practices promoted by various institutions. I also show how hosts and guests share similar notions of achievement and success and how this has turned rural tourism into a house-centred event. In explaining why discourses have little grounding in reality, I pay close attention to the economics of tourism, trying to understand guesthouses as businesses interlinked both with the wider forces of the market and with the socio-economic history of rural Romania. I show how the development of pensiuni was influenced by specific material and social constraints, arguing that a long history of living under oppressive regimes actually endowed locals with qualities that made them ready to embark on entrepreneurial pursuits. I also examine how kinship can be both a catalyst for growth and a factor that contributes to the stagnation or decline of businesses. Most notably, however, it was the unstable and burdensome legislative environment that had perhaps the strongest impact over the evolution of guesthouses, determining over half of the owners to stay in the shadow economy. My findings raise questions about the effectiveness and utility of many of the norms currently imposed on tourist entrepreneurs and I conclude by discussing a few ways in which institutions could respond better to the needs of guesthouse owners.

Investigation of tumor growth has traditionally been studied focusing only on the cancer cells. However, tumors consist of a complex tissue organization where heterotypic signaling occurs between different cell types. The cross-talk between tumor cells and other surrounding cell types may ultimately prove to be as important for the tumor cell behavior as the internal signaling cascades in the tumor cell itself.Myeloid cells, such as granulocytes and monocytes, and thrombocytes play an important role in the tumor tissue, as a tumor can be compared to a wound healing process without the normal regulation mechanisms. Platelets are thought to facilitate tumor cell extravasation by binding to the tumor cell and recruiting myeloid cells that secrete factors aiding tumor migration through the endothelial cells. Studying the content of granules and vesicles of the platelets and myeloid cells can provide important knowledge about how the tumor interactions are mediated and which key proteins that controls these processes.Serglycin is an intracellular proteoglycan that attaches chains of negatively charged glycosaminoglycans. It is thought to have a function in retaining and storing proteins in hematipoietic cells. In this project the impact of the loss of serglycin on platelets and myeloid cells was investigated, using a spontaneous insulinoma serglycin knockout mouse model. The results suggests that serglycin does not affect the amount of neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes in peripheral blood, nor does it seem to affect the amount of platelets sequestered to the tumor tissue. A co-staining for platelets and MMP9 positive granulocytes was also performed in order to assess if granulocyte-platelet interactions in the tumor were affected by loss of serglycin. Interactions between these cells were observed in both genotypes. Von Willebrand factor levels in the tumor tissue also remained unchanged upon loss of serglycin. However, preliminary experiments indicated that serglycin seems to play a role in the intracellular amounts of vimentin and VEGFB in undifferentiated primary bone marrow derived monocytes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielFM_DISSERT.pdf: 3025691 bytes, checksum: 816ddeeb4f1f3fce1b28e8bc8c6920b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-04 / This research continues the current debate about the role of the images and the words in the architectural design persuasion, where we emphasize the increasing valuation of written documents (FORTY, 2004; MARKUS; CAMERON, 2002), the seduction for the graphical representation (DURAND, 2003) and the rhetorical effects of the graphical and textual resources (TOSTRUP, 1999). Based on these quarrels, we look for verify in the graduate final projects the relation between the design texts and images. From the PROJEDATA, database of the PROJETAR research group (UFRN), we selected the final projects of two brazilians universities, UFRN and USP, that in a first analysis, they had shown as ideal types of two distinct design presentation models, respectively: texts and drawings in separated documents, or combined in an only support. Based on Markus explanation about the function and the content of the texts, on the Durand perspective with regard to graphical representation uses and on Tostrup point of view concerning the rhetorical potential of texts and drawings, we analyze, in a set of 25 projects, how the students relate the textual and imagetical speeches. For this, we related the focus of each speech, in order to verify the possible coherence between both. We conclude that in the model of USP final project the coherence between the texts and the drawings is clearer than in the model adopted in UFRN / Esta pesquisa prossegue o debate atual sobre o papel das imagens e das palavras no convencimento do projeto arquitet?nico, em que se destacam a valoriza??o crescente dos documentos escritos (FORTY, 2004; MARKUS; CAMERON, 2002), a sedu??o pela representa??o gr?fica (DURAND, 2003) e os efeitos ret?ricos dos recursos gr?ficos e textuais (TOSTRUP, 1999). Com base nestas discuss?es, procuramos verificar nos Trabalhos Finais de Gradua??o (TFG) a rela??o entre os textos e as imagens do projeto. A partir do PROJEDATA, banco de dados do grupo de pesquisa PROJETAR (UFRN), selecionamos os TFGs de duas universidades brasileiras, UFRN e USP, que numa primeira an?lise se mostraram como tipos ideais de dois modelos distintos de apresenta??o do projeto, respectivamente: textos e desenhos em partes separadas, ou combinados num ?nico suporte. ? luz da explana??o de Markus sobre a fun??o e o objeto dos textos, da perspectiva de Durand quanto aos usos da representa??o gr?fica e do ponto de vista de Tostrup acerca do potencial ret?rico de textos e desenhos, analisamos, num conjunto de 25 trabalhos, como os alunos relacionam os discursos textuais e imag?ticos. Para isso, cotejamos os enfoques de cada discurso, a fim de verificar a poss?vel coer?ncia entre ambos. Conclu?mos assim que no modelo de TFG da USP a coer?ncia entre os textos e os desenhos ? mais clara que no modelo adotado na UFRN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IvamCS.pdf: 1480535 bytes, checksum: a124e1c758c0bc4730c99231a73e11ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-11 / This research investigates the graphic humor, in particular the political cartoon and the cartoon, texts characterized by mixing visual-oral language, and its contribution in the formation of the reader. Recovers the main theories about the comicality in general and verifies the presence of these concepts into the texts of graphic humor and how they articulate themselves within the process of seducing the reader. Grounded in the studies of Umberto Eco about the cultural industry products and its relations with the literary theories and the aesthetics reception. After analysing texts of graphic humor, the study concludes that the triad, image-word-humor reveal a sophisticated arrangement which allows the reader to practice effectively the political cartoons and cartoons of production, of sense, cooperating in such a singular manner to the formation of a reflexive reader / A pesquisa investiga o humor gr?fico, em particular a charge e o cartum textos caracterizados pela hibridez da linguagem visual-verbal, e sua contribui??o na forma??o do leitor. Resgata as principais teorias sobre a comicidade em geral e verifica a presen?a desses conceitos nos textos de humor gr?fico e como se articulam no processo de sedu??o do leitor. Fundamenta-se nos estudos de Umberto Eco sobre os produtos da ind?stria cultural e sua rela??o com a teoria liter?ria e a est?tica da recep??o. Ap?s analisar textos de humor gr?fico, o estudo conclui que a tr?ade imagem-palavra-humor revela um sofisticado arranjo que permite ao leitor das charges e cartuns um exerc?cio eficaz de produ??o de sentido, cooperando de modo singular para a forma??o do leitor reflexivo.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-26T17:46:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EdsonAlyppyoGomesCoutinho_DISSERT.pdf: 5158035 bytes, checksum: fed39aed4bc6306c05c08628c0eb92fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-28T17:07:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EdsonAlyppyoGomesCoutinho_DISSERT.pdf: 5158035 bytes, checksum: fed39aed4bc6306c05c08628c0eb92fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-28T17:07:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdsonAlyppyoGomesCoutinho_DISSERT.pdf: 5158035 bytes, checksum: fed39aed4bc6306c05c08628c0eb92fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A Visualiza??o de dados ? amplamente utilizada pelas mais diversas ?reas do conhecimento para facilitar a compreens?o de informa??es e encontrar rela??es entre os dados. Uma das t?cnicas de visualiza??o para dados multivariados (4 ou mais vari?veis) ? o Gr?- fico de Dispers?o Bidimensional (GD2D). Esta t?cnica associa cada item de dado a uma marca visual da seguinte forma: duas vari?veis s?o mapeadas para as coordenadas Cartesianas de maneira a posicionar as marcas visuais no Plano Cartesiano; as demais vari?veis s?o mapeadas progressivamente para propriedades gr?ficas das marcas, como tamanho, cor, forma, dentre outras. Quanto maior o n?mero de vari?veis a serem visualizadas maior a quantidade de propriedades visuais adicionados ? marca e, consequentemente, maior a complexidade da visualiza??o final. Aumentar a complexidade da visualiza??o, contudo, n?o necessariamente implica em uma melhor visualiza??o e, muitas vezes, proporciona o efeito inverso, tornando a visualiza??o visualmente polu?da e confusa?esse problema ? conhecido como sobrecarga de propriedades visuais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar se ? poss?vel contornar a sobrecarga do canal visual e melhorar a obten??o de insight sobre dados multivariados visualizados atrav?s de uma modifica??o da t?cnica GD2D. Nesta modifica??o, mapeamos as vari?veis dos itens de dados para marcas multisensoriais. Estas marcas s?o compostas n?o apenas de propriedades visuais, mas tamb?m de h?pticas, como vibra??o, viscosidade e pegajosidade. Acreditamos que essa abordagem possa facilitar o insight, atrav?s da transposi??o de vari?veis do canal visual para o canal h?ptico. A verifica??o dessa hip?tese foi feita atrav?s de experimentos, nos quais foram analisados 3 aspectos: (a) a acur?cia nas respostas; (b) o tempo de resposta, e; (c) o grau de satisfa??o pessoal com a abordagem proposta. Entretanto, a hip?tese descrita n?o foi validada. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que existe uma equival?ncia entre as propriedades visuais e h?ptica investigadas em todos os aspectos analisados, embora em termos estritamente num?ricos a visualiza??o multissensorial tenha obtido melhores resultados em termos de tempo de resposta e grau de satisfa??o / Data Visualization is widely used to facilitate the comprehension of information and find relationships between data. One of the most widely used techniques for multivariate data (4 or more variables) visualization is the 2D scatterplot. This technique associates each data item to a visual mark in the following way: two variables are mapped to Cartesian coordinates so that a visual mark can be placed on the Cartesian plane; the others variables are mapped gradually to visual properties of the mark, such as size, color, shape, among others. As the number of variables to be visualized increases, the amount of visual properties associated to the mark increases as well. As a result, the complexity of the final visualization is higher. However, increasing the complexity of the visualization does not necessarily implies a better visualization and, sometimes, it provides an inverse situation, producing a visually polluted and confusing visualization?this problem is called visual properties overload. This work aims to investigate whether it is possible to work around the overload of the visual channel and improve insight about multivariate data visualized through a modification in the 2D scatterplot technique. In this modification, we map the variables from data items to multisensoriy marks. These marks are composed not only by visual properties, but haptic properties, such as vibration, viscosity and elastic resistance, as well. We believed that this approach could ease the insight process, through the transposition of properties from the visual channel to the haptic channel. The hypothesis was verified through experiments, in which we have analyzed (a) the accuracy of the answers; (b) response time; and (c) the grade of personal satisfaction with the proposed approach. However, the hypothesis was not validated. The results suggest that there is an equivalence between the investigated visual and haptic properties in all analyzed aspects, though in strictly numeric terms the multisensory visualization achieved better results in response time and personal satisfaction.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WilliamFQ.pdf: 3530709 bytes, checksum: e7ebfa713499f96e35732090f0094f3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-07 / The manufacture of prostheses for lower limb amputees (transfemural and transtibial) requires the preparation of a cartridge with appropriate and custom fit to the profile of each patient. The traditional process to the patients, mainly in public hospitals in Brazil, begins with the completion of a form where types of equipment, plugins, measures, levels of amputation etc. are identified. Currently, such work is carried out manually using a common metric tape and caliper of wood to take the measures of the stump, featuring a very rudimentary, and with a high degree of uncertainty geometry of the final product. To address this problem, it was necessary to act in two simultaneously and correlated directions. Originally, it was developed an integrated tool for viewing 3D CAD for transfemoral types of prostheses and transtibial called OrtoCAD I. At the same time, it was necessary to design and build a reader Mechanical equipment (sort of three-dimensional scanner simplified) able to obtain, automatically and with accuracy, the geometric information of either of the stump or the healthy leg. The methodology includes the application of concepts of reverse engineering to computationally generate the representation of the stump and/or the reverse image of the healthy member. The materials used in the manufacturing of prostheses nor always obey to a technical scientific criteria, because, if by one way it meets the criteria of resistance, by the other, it brings serious problems mainly due to excess of weight. This causes to the user various disorders due to lack of conformity. That problem was addressed with the creation of a hybrid composite material for the manufacture of cartridges of prostheses. Using the Reader Fitter and OrtoCAD, the new composite material, which aggregates the mechanical properties of strength and rigidity on important parameters such as low weight and low cost, it can be defined in its better way. Besides, it brings a reduction of up steps in the current processes of manufacturing or even the feasibility of using new processes, in the industries, in order to obtain the prostheses. In this sense, the hybridization of the composite with the combination of natural and synthetic fibers can be a viable solution to the challenges offered above / A fabrica??o de pr?teses para amputados de membros inferiores (transfemural e transtibial) exige a confec??o de um cartucho com encaixe adequado e personalizado ao perfil de cada paciente. O processo tradicional de atendimento a pacientes, principalmente, em hospitais p?blicos no Brasil, inicia-se com o preenchimento de uma ficha onde s?o identificados os n?veis de amputa??o, tipos de equipamentos, encaixes, medidas etc. Atualmente, esse trabalho ? realizado de forma manual utilizando-se fitas m?tricas comuns e paqu?metro de madeira para tomada das medidas do coto caracterizando um trabalho bastante rudimentar, e com um alto grau de incerteza geom?trica do produto final. Para abordar esse problema foi necess?rio partir em duas dire??es simult?neas e correlatas. Inicialmente desenvolveu-se uma ferramenta integrada CAD de visualiza??o 3D para pr?teses dos tipos transfemoral e a transtibial denominado OrtoCAD I. Ao mesmo tempo em que se fez necess?rio projetar e construir um equipamento Leitor Mec?nico (esp?cie de scanner tridimensional simplificado) capaz de obter, automaticamente e com acuracidade, as informa??es geom?tricas do coto ou da perna sadia. A metodologia inclui a aplica??o de conceitos de engenharia reversa para gerar computacionalmente a representa??o do coto e/ou a imagem reversa do membro sadio. Os materiais usados na fabrica??o dessas pr?teses nem sempre obedecem a um crit?rio t?cnico cientifico, pois se por um lado atende ao crit?rio de resist?ncia por outro traz s?rios problemas devido principalmente ao excesso de peso. Isso causa diversos transtornos ao usu?rio devido ? falta de conformidade. Esse problema foi abordado com a cria??o de um material comp?sito hibrido para fabrica??o de cartuchos de pr?teses. Com o uso do Leitor Mec?nico e do OrtoCAD I o novo material comp?sito, que agrega as propriedades mec?nicas de resist?ncia e rigidez com par?metros importantes como baixo peso e baixo custo, pode ser dimensionado de forma correta. Alem disso consegue-se uma redu??o de etapas nos atuais processos de fabrica??o ou at? mesmo a viabilidade de uso de novos processos, no ?mbito industrial, na obten??o das pr?teses. Neste sentido, a hibridiza??o do comp?sito com a combina??o entre fibras sint?ticas e naturais pode ser uma solu??o vi?vel aos desafios propostos acima