Title: Approaches to cultivation of game performance in sports games in school physical education education. Objectives: The main aim of this work is to compare ways of teaching sports games in physical education lessons at the second stage of primary school. In this comparison we will focus on the impact of these ways of teaching with respect to team gaming performance. Methods: In this work, we used video analysis, from which we derived quantitative and comparative analysis of qualitative findings. We compared the individual results on the basis of the method of teaching used in class. Results: From a comparison of groups undergoing technical and tactical approaches to teaching sports games, we found that groups undergoing tactical approaches to teaching improved more in team performance in goal sports games. In volleyball, both groups improved equally in team play performance. Keywords: sport games, school physical education, football, floorball, handball, voleyball

Title: Evaluation of training effect with elements of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation on shooting velocity by female handball players of the 1st league in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine, whether completing an exercise program based on elements of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and using elastic band resistance can influence shooting velocity by female handball players. Methods: In this randomized control study 25 female handball players, who are playing the 1st league in Havlíčkův Brod, were divided into experimental (n = 13) and control group (n = 12). Both groups underwent an initial shooting velocity measurement (PRE) using radar gun Stalker Pro II. Then experimental group completed 6-week exercise program, based on D2 flexion and extension from proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation against elastic band resistance. The control group did not perform any exercise like that. Both groups otherwise completed the same training program during the preparatory phase. After that the shooting velocity was again measured (POST). The results were statistically processed in the Jamovi using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: There was a statistically significant improvement in shooting velocity of the control and experimental groups in the...

Title: Marketing communication on social networks of sports organizations Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to create suggestions and recommendations for sports associations how to use social media as an instrument for communication and promotion. Methods: Three methods were used in this work. The first method is an in-depth interview with managers of three sports associations. The second method is content analysis, which focused on the published content on social networks of sports associations. The third method is comparison. It compared the results of an in- depth interview and content analysis of each sport association. Results: The results showed that of the communicated topics of sports associations, the topic of national teams and Czech players playing abroad is the most attractive for followers. As for the type of post, a photo, as well as graphics or short video were evaluated as the most attractive on Facebook and Instagram. Furthermore, the research yielded results on the frequency of publishing, content promotion and the use of influencers from the community around the sports association. Sports associations are currently affected by the situation around Covid-19, which was confirmed by research results and showed changes in communication that the associations had to make due to the...

De flesta elitidrottskarriärer har sin startgrop i föreningsidrotten och närmare 90 procent av alla barn och ungdomar i Sverige har någon gång under sin uppväxt varit medlemmar i en idrottsförening. För de flesta barn innebär föreningsidrotten en positiv miljö där alla barn och ungdomar ska få möjlighet att vara med och delta på lika villkor – tills de plötsligt inte får det längre. Leken förvandlas till allvar och idrotten handlar nu i allt större omfattning om selektion, talangidentifikation och uttagningar. Genom att bli antagen till ett idrottsgymnasium har man goda möjligheter att kombinera sina studier med idrotten, vilket är en viktig grund i den svenska idrottsmodellen. Idrottsutbildningen har aldrig varit så varierad som idag, och det är vanligt att tänka att de idrottare som blivit antagna till idrottsgymnasium automatiskt kommer gå hela vägen. Trots det finns det idrottande ungdomar som väljer att avsluta sina karriärer efter tre år på ett idrottsgymnasium. Syftet med studien var att skapa en större förståelse kring avhopp bland unga talanger inom svensk handboll, som under tre års tid gått på ett handbollsgymnasium. Vidare undersöktes hur spelarna upplevde både tiden på handbollsgymnasiet och den egna avslutsprocessen, och vad handbollsföreningar och handbollsgymnasier kan jobba med för att få fler handbollsspelare att stanna kvar inom idrotten. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med åtta stycken före detta handbollsspelare i åldrarna 18-23. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide konstruerades och samtliga intervjuer spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades. Huvudresultaten i studien visar att avhopp sällan beror på endast en orsak, och att största delen av avhoppen berodde på avsaknaden av ett socialt stöd, brist på motivation, tränarna, prestationsångest eller en kombination av flera faktorer. Spelarnas avslutsprocesser analyserades med hjälp av Ebaughs teori om avslut. Vidare diskuterades idrottsmiljöns betydelse för unga handbollsspelare och att ett socialt stöd bör finnas till hands för spelarna på handbollsgymnasierna i en större omfattning. Även en god kommunikation mellan handbollsgymnasiet och klubblaget ansågs vara av stor betydelse för spelarna. / Most elite sports careers have their start in sport clubs, and approximately 90 percent of all kids and adolescences in Sweden have, during their childhood, been members in a sport club. For most kids, the sport clubs imply a positive environment where all children should have an opportunity to participate on equal terms – until they suddenly don’t anymore. The play turns to seriousness and is now more and more becoming a matter of selection and talent identification. By being selected to a sport school the athletes have a good chance of combining the studies with their sports, which is an important motive in the Swedish sports model. The sports education has never been as varied as it is today, and it’s common to think that the athletes who have been selected to a sport school automatically will reach the top. Despite this, there are athletic adolescences who choose to quit their career after three years in a sport school. The purpose of this study was to investigate why young, talented handball players quit their career after three years in a sport school. Furthermore, it is investigated how the players experienced both their time at the sport school and their own disengagement process, and what handball associations should work with in order to get more young, talented handball players to stay in the sports. Qualitative interviews were conducted with eight former talented handball players in the ages 18-22, all of whom went to a sport school for three years. A semi-structured interview guide was constructed and all of the interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The main findings of the study show that drop-outs rarely depends on one single factor, and that most of the drop-outs for the adolescences’ in this study happened due to lack of social support, amotivation, the coaches, performance anxiety or a mix of multiple factors. The players drop-out process was analyzed with Ebaughs’ disengagement process. Furthermore, the impact of the sports environment for young, talented handball players and the importance of a social support for them is discussed and shows that these factors should be available for the players in sport schools to a greater extent. A good communication between the sport school and the players clubs was also considered important according to the former players.

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze Swedish male handball players power in the lower limbs, dependent on position, in different anatomical planes. Previous studies has examined vertical and horizontal power but not medial lateral power. This study used previous studies as theory. Power was examined through vertical, horizontal and medial lateral CMJAS, unilateral and bilateral, in a laboratory setting. The vertical jumping performance was measured with ‘My Jump 2’ and the vertical power (W; W/kg) was calculated with Lewis formula. Only the jumping performance (cm) was noted in the horizontal and medial lateral CMJAS. No significance difference was observed (p>0.05) in power between the positions. A strong correlation between the vertical and horizontal CMJAS was observed (p<0.05; r=0.860-0.883). Conclusion, handball players, independent position, possesses similar power, bilateral and unilateral, in vertical, horizontal and medial lateral CMJAS. Medial lateral power needs to be examine to create a better profile of the player.

Introduktion: Handboll är en populär lagsport som innehåller kroppskontakt, hopp och sprints. Det är dock även en skadedrabbad sport, där bla huvudskador är vanligt. Huvudskador, eller sport related concussion (SRC), är en allvarlig skada som kan leda till komplikationer senare i livet. Tidigare forskning, gällande risken av att drabbas av SRC, har visat skillnader mellan kön samt positioner. Inom svensk handboll är de flesta SRC studier utförda på högsta eliten. Syftet med denna studie var därför att kartlägga förekomsten av SRC, eventuella skillnader mellan positioner, kön, samt symtom och metod för återgång till träning bland division 1 spelare och NIU/RIG-elever. Metod: En online enkät med 22 frågor uppdelat i tre delar skapades. Frågorna validerades genom face-validity samt en pilotstudie. Enkäten skickades sedan ut till alla division 1 klubbar och NIU/RIG-gymnasier, där tränarna/lärarna själva fick distribuera enkäten till sina elever/spelare. Resultat: Förekomsten av SRC av de som svarade i division 1 och NIU/RIG var 34,9%. Resultatet visade att gruppen målvakter rapporterade flest SRC av alla positioner. Kvinnliga spelare rapporterade signifikant fler antal SRC jämfört med herrspelare (58 vs 30, p=0,018) samt även fler olika symtom efter skada jämfört med herrspelarna. Vanligaste strategin för återgång till idrott oavsett kön och position var hjärntrappan. Konklusion: Sammanfattningsvis visade vår data att förekomsten av SRC bland handbollsspelare på div 1 och NIU/RIG är något lägre än tidigare studier på elitspelare. Resultatet att damspelarna rapporterade fler antal SRC, samt fler och mer varierade symtom än herrspelarna stämmer överens med flera tidigare studier. Den vanligaste vägen tillbaka till handbollen var via hjärntrappan. Vår undersökning bidrar till att öka kunskapen om SRC:s inom handbollen och förhoppningsvis kan den bidra till att förebygga denna typ av skada i framtiden. / Introduction: Handball is a popular sport that contains a lot of body contact, jumps and sprints. It is also an injury-prone sport, where head injuries are common. Head injuries, or sport related concussion (SRC), is a serious injury that may cause complications later in life. Previous research on the risk of SRC have shown differences between gender and within player position. In Swedish handball, available studies on SRC:s include mostly the highest elite. Thus, we aimed to study the prevalence of SRC, differences between positions, gender, symptoms and method of return to training among Division 1 players and NIU/RIG-students. Method: An online survey with 22 questions divided into three parts was created. The questions were validated through face validity and a pilot study. The survey was then distributed to all division 1 clubs and NIU/RIG high schools, where coaches/teachers were responsible for distributing the survey to their students. Results: The SRC prevalence among the Division 1 and NIU/RIG-student respondents, was 34.9%. Goalkeepers reported the highest incidence of SRC of all positions. Female players reported a significantly higher number of SRC compared to males (58 vs. 30, p=0.018). Furthermore, females reported a more diverse range of post-injury symptoms. The most frequently used return-to-play strategy was the brain-ladder, regardless of gender or position. Conclusion: Our data revealed that the prevalence of SRC among division 1 and NIU/RIG handball players is slightly lower than previous studies on elite handball players. The result that female players reported a higher number of SRC and more varied symptoms than male players, aligns with several previous studies. The most common pathway back to handball was through the brain-ladder protocol. Our study contributes to increasing knowledge about SRC in handball and hopefully can help prevent this type of injury in the future.

Bakgrund: Främre korsbandsskador (ACL-skador) är allvarliga och vanligt förkommande inom idrott, speciellt hos ungdomar i åldrarna 14-19 år. En förhöjd risk för ACL-skador har påvisats för individer aktiva inom fotboll och handboll, vilka är mycket populära sporter världen över. Inom dessa sporter har även kvinnor påvisats ha två till åtta gånger högre risk att drabbas än män. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad i knästabilitet vid en hopp-landningsrörelse mellan tjejer och killar i åldrarna 16-19 år, aktiva inom fotboll och handboll samt att undersöka om det fanns någon skillnad mellan fotbollsspelarna och handbollsspelarna, oavsett kön. Metod: Ett drop jump-test utfördes av 20 ungdomar, aktiva inom fotboll och handboll, medelålder ±SD 17,0 ± 0,9 år. Testerna filmades i frontal- och sagittalplanet och analyserades sedan med hjälp av Landning Error Scoring System (LESS). Post hoc-analyser genomfördes för att kontrollera skillnader i 1) graden av valgusställning i knäleden mellan tjejerna och killarna och 2) graden av knäflexion mellan fotbolls- och handbollsspelarna i landningsmomentet. Ett oberoende student’s t-test användes till de statistiska analyserna och signifikansnivån sattes till p ≤ 0,05. Resultat: Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad i LESS-poäng mellan tjejerna och killarna (p = 0,694). Fotbollsspelarna hade signifikant lägre LESS-poäng än handbollsspelarna (p = 0,002). Andelen tjejer som uppvisade valgusställning i knäleden under testutförandet var högre än hos killarna. Fotbollsspelarna uppvisade enligt LESS tillräcklig knäflexion i landningsmomentet i högre utsträckning än handbollsspelarna under testutförandet. Slutsats: Ingen signifikant skillnad i knästabilitet och hopp-landningsteknik fanns mellan tjejerna och killarna. Fotbollsspelarna hade signifikant bättre knästabilitet och hopp-landningsteknik än handbollsspelarna. Tjejerna hade en större grad av valgusställning i knäleden vid testutförandet än killarna och handbollsspelarna uppvisade inte lika stor knäflexion som fotbollsspelarna vid testutförandet. Mer forskning krävs inom området för att resultaten ska kunna generaliseras. / Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries (ACL-injuries) are serious and common in sports, especially in adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19. An increased risk for ACL-injury has been shown in individuals active in soccer and team handball, which both are popular sports worldwide. Within these sports, women have been proven to have two to eight times greater risk for ACL-injury than men. Aim: The aim was to investigate whether there was any difference in knee stability during a jump-landing movement between girls and boys aged 16-19 years, active in soccer and team handball and also to investigate whether there was any difference between the soccer players and team handball players, regardless of gender. Method: A drop jump test was performed by 20 adolescents, active in soccer and team handball, mean ± SD age 17.0 ± 0.9 years old. The tests were recorded in the frontal and sagittal plane and were then analyzed using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Post hoc analyzes were used to examine differences in 1) the degree of knee valgus alignment between the girls and the boys and 2) the degree of knee flexion between the soccer- and the team handball players in the landing movement. An independent student’s t-test was used in the statistical analysis and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference in LESS-score between the girls and the boys (p = 0.694). The soccer players had significantly lower LESS-score (p = 0.002). A higher frequency of the girls displayed a knee valgus alignment during the test compared to the boys. The soccer players displayed according to LESS adequate knee flexion to greater extent than the team handball players did during the test. Conclusion: No significant difference in knee stability and jump-landing technique was found between the girls and the boys. The soccer players displayed significantly better knee stability and jump-landing technique than the team handball players. The girls displayed a greater degree of knee valgus during the test than the boys did and the team handball players displayed a smaller degree of knee flexion then the soccer players did. More research is required within the area to be able to generalize the results.

Title: Younger Junior Women's Movement Output in Handball with a Selected Team SCM. Objectives : The Aim of the thesis is a result analysis of SCM member's compulsory testing of movement output in handball together with considering the effectivity of the load. Methods: We used methods of analysis and comparison in our work. The method of analysis was applied when analysing each of the disciplines, and the method of comparison was used in the part where we compared the disciplines of the testing set, and in the part where we compared the members. The comparison was also applied in the part where average values needed to be compared. Results: We have found out that the influence of the training did not cause expected rise of physical condition. We have concluded from the results of the training set. During the two-year cycle in which we monitored the amount of load of the training unit the physical condition fell. Keywords: movement abilities, condition, junior age, diagnosis in handball, testing unit.

Title: Efficiency of fast breaks and its effects on the outcome of the top class handball matches. Goals of the reaserch: Main goal of this essay is to discover how the effectivness of the fast breaks influence the outcome of the top class handball matches during the most important tournaments (ME, MS). Second goal is to discover if there is a link between effectivness of the fast break (or portion of the fast breaks from the total of breaks) and final place scored on the previously mentioned tournaments. Methods: Statistic analysis, ratio of fast breaks, comparism of the ratios Results: It was discovered, the teams with greater efficiency of the fast breaks took better places, in the sample of the reaserched tournaments, than the teams with lesser efficiency of the fast breaks. Teams that won the match used more fast breaks and with greater efficiency than teams that lost. There is a greater ratio of the fast breaks from the total number of breaks in the winning match than in the loosing match. Keywords: handball, fast break, efficiency of the fast break, portion, comparism of portions, place on the top class tournament.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberta Freitas Lemos.pdf: 6403342 bytes, checksum: 72dc728ab160ff26ae27d027bbbb7818 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The objective of the current research was, in a seven-meter penalty, to identify and describe some peculiarities of looking and anticipating the final position of the ball emitted by goalkeepers, as well as the relationship between them. Four participants attended 264 filmed hurls from the goalkeeper s point of view, presented ramdomically in three sessions. Four different types of stimulus were produced: +1, completed in the first frame after the ball left the hand of the thrower; 0, completed in the last frame when the ball still was in the hand of the thrower; -1, completed one or two frames before type 0, and; -2, completed three or four frames before type 0. The participants were divided between two conditions: darkened screen', when, after the end of the scene, a 3 x 3 matrix was presented on a black screen, and paused image', when a 3 x 3 matrix was presented on the paused image of the last frame of the scene. The anticipating response consisted of pressuring the corresponding keyboard key to the quadrant where the ball had been hurled and was registered by the program that controlled the presentation. The looking response was registered by a tracking circuit of reflection cornea/pupil called Iscan®. In relation to the anticipation, all the participants with exception of participant C, anticipate more often the direction and height' of the ball than the direction' or `height' and the percentage of the anticipating response increases in face of more complete scenes. For the looking response, the arm seems to be the region where the eyes were located more often at the end of the hurls. For the participants who experienced the condition paused image' at the last moment before emitting the anticipating response, the distribution of the localizations of the look is larger in the different regions of the scene. Two standards were identified: the localization of the look predominantly in the same region and in a variation of nearby regions to distant regions of the body of the less-completed stimulus to most-completed one. For the relationships between the two responses, it is possible to observe that two participants emit a higher number of looking response in face of regions of the stimulus where, in the history of reinforcement, they achieved greater success, and the other two emit a higher number of replied to look in face of regions in which they achieved minor success / O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar e descrever particularidades da resposta de olhar e de antecipar a posição final da bola emitida por goleiros, e a relação entre elas, em uma situação de tiro de sete metros no handebol. Quatro participantes assistiram a 264 arremessos filmados do ponto de vista do goleiro, apresentados de forma randômica em três sessões. Foram produzidos 4 tipos diferentes de estímulos: +1, se encerrava no primeiro quadro após a bola sair da mão do arremessador; 0, se encerrava no último quadro em que a bola ainda estava na mão do arremessador; -1, se encerrava um ou dois quadros antes do tipo 0, e; -2, se encerrava três ou quatro quadros antes do tipo 0. Os participantes foram divididos em duas condições: tela escurecida , quando após a término da cena, uma matriz 3 x 3 era apresentada sobre uma tela preta, e imagem pausada , quando a matriz 3 x 3 era apresentada sobre a imagem pausada do último quadro da cena. A resposta de antecipar consistia em pressionar a tecla correspondente ao quadrante em que a bola tinha sido arremessada e foi registrada pelo próprio programa que controlava a apresentação. A resposta de olhar foi registrada por um circuito de rastreamento de reflexão córnea/pupila chamado Iscan®. Em relação às respostas de antecipação, todos os participantes com exceção do participante C, antecipam mais vezes a direção e altura do olhar, do que a direção ou a altura e a porcentagem de respostas de antecipar aumenta diante de cenas mais completas. Para as respostas de olhar, o braço parece ser a região em que o olhar dos participantes foi localizado mais vezes ao final do arremesso. Para os participantes que passaram pela condição imagem pausada no último momento antes de emitir a resposta de antecipação, a distribuição das localizações do olhar é maior nas diferentes regiões da cena. Dois padrões foram identificados: a localização do olhar predominantemente na mesma região e uma variação de regiões proximais para regiões distais do corpo do estímulo menos completo ao mais completo. Para as relações entre a posição do olhar e antecipação, é possível observar que dois participantes emitem um maior número de respostas de olhar diante de regiões do estímulo em que, na sua história de reforçamento, obteve maior sucesso na antecipação e outros dois emitem um maior número de respostas de olhar diante de regiões em que obteve menor sucesso na antecipação