Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka handbollstränares kunskap och förståelse för feedback utifrån ett aktörsperspektiv. Urvalet baserades på lokala handbollsklubbar där kravet var att de skulle träna flickor i 16 – årsåldern. Det skickades ut brev till 16 olika klubbar där en förfrågan gjordes om ett deltagande. Tre stycken handbollstränare som uppmätte urvalet valde att delta i studien och dessa har behandlats med anonymitet under hela processen. Tränarna deltog i varsin kvalitativ intervju där öppna frågor ställdes för att sedan observeras med hjälp av videoupptagning av ett träningspass. Observationen var strukturerad och med hjälp av ett kodningsschema (CAIS) - Coach Analysis and Interven-tion System, kodades deras beteende för att se användandet av feedback. Kodningen utför-des av båda författarna separat för att sedan jämföras. Kodningsschemat utgick ifrån 14 olika beteenden där man sedan kunde läsa av tränarnas beteende utifrån hur de använde beröm och kritik under sessionen. Fem klipp valdes ut ifrån respektive film med vidhållande frågor för att sedan visa dessa för respektive tränare i varsitt återkopplingssamtal. Huvudsyftet med feedback är att göra en återkoppling av en rörelse där syftet är att förbätt-ra prestationen. En del av bakgrunden i denna forskningsstudie baseras på tre tidigare forskningsartiklar där handbollstränare studerats på olika sätt. Studien utgår också utifrån feedback som ett begrepp, konstruktiv feedback samt tränarbeteende. Studien har tillämpat teorin achievement goal theory för att se om feedback kan ses som en del av tränarens kompetens för att det sen ska fungera i praktiken. Teorin fokuserar även på prestationsmål för att förstå skillnader i en prestation. Resultatet av denna undersökning visar att de tre handbollstränarnas kunskap om feedback mestadels baseras på deras egen handbollskarriär då de var aktiva spelare, men också delvis utifrån de tränarutbildningar de deltagit i. Fakto-rer såsom för lite resurser och för lite tid till att ge individuell feedback till idrottarna samt hur den skall ges på ett konkret sätt är det som genomsyrar slutsatsen. För att ta reda på hur tränarnas beteende påverkar idrottarna behövs idrottarnas egna tankar om detta för att kunna fastställa ett resultat. / The purpose of this study was based on an actor's perspective and to highlight the knowledge and understandings handball coaches has for feedback. The outcome of the selection concerning handball coaches in the area resulted in three handball coaches who coach girls in the age of 16. Each coach were interviewed, observed during a training ses-sion and participated in a feedback conversation. Data analysis of each observation were performed by both authors but separately and then compared. The coding that was founded based on a revised version of (CAIS) - Coach Analysis and Intervention System, where there were based on 14 of these coaching behaviors in order to see how feedback were be-ing used by each of the coaches during the observation. Five clips were then selected from each of the coaches' training session by both authors and then appeared during the feedback conversation with each coach. This study has implemented achievement goal theory which focuses on coaching behavior. The main purpose with feedback is to give information about something that has occurred which could be seen as a process in which the effect or output of an action is returned. The background to this study is based on that there are few previous research concerning hand-ball coaches knowledge and understanding for the use of feedback. The result from this study shows that the three coaches base in some large part their knowledge of providing feedback based on their own sporting career but also from the coaching classes and pro-grams that they have implemented. This study suggests the need to consider factors that play an important role in how and in what way handball coaches can get the opportunity to use feedback during practices and games. Such factors are too little time to implement feedback, too few coaches to handle the individual and main feedback to the team and how you as a coach can use feedback in a concrete way to each athlete. For further information about how the coaches’ knowledge is affecting the athletes would have been to interview them and get their point of view. However, together with the athletes’ point of view and more in depth studies with bigger samples should be necessary for future studies.

This study aimed to compare the validity of a local positioning system (LPS) during outdoor and indoor conditions for team sports. The impact of different filtering techniques was also investigated. Five male team sport athletes (age: 27 ± 2 years; maximum oxygen uptake: 48.4 ± 5.1 mL/min/kg) performed 10 trials on a team sport-specific circuit on an artificial turf and in a sports hall. During the circuit, athletes wore two devices of a recent 20-Hz LPS. From the reported raw and differently filtered velocity data, distances covered during different walking, jogging, and sprinting sections within the circuit were computed for which the circuit was equipped with double-light timing gates as criterion measures. The validity was determined by comparing the known and measured distances via the relative typical error of estimate (TEE). The LPS validity for measuring distances covered was good to moderate during both environments (TEE: 0.9–7.1%), whereby the outdoor validity (TEE: 0.9–6.4%) was superior than indoor validity (TEE: 1.2–7.1%). During both environments, validity outcomes of an unknown manufacturer filter were superior (TEE: 0.9–6.2%) compared to those of a standard Butterworth filter (TEE: 0.9–6.4%) and to unprocessed raw data (TEE: 1.0–7.1%). Our findings show that the evaluated LPS can be considered as a good to moderately valid tracking technology to assess running-based movement patterns in team sports during outdoor and indoor conditions. However, outdoor was superior to indoor validity, and also impacted by the applied filtering technique. Our outcomes should be considered for practical purposes like match and training analyses in team sport environments.

Aim: The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of 6 weeks bilateral (BL) versus unilateral (UL) complex training combined with high intensity interval training (HIIT) on maximal strength, jumping ability, straight sprint (5, 10, 20 and 30 m), change of direction speed (CODS), repeated sprint ability (RSA) and specific endurance in Swedish elite male and female handball players. Another purpose was to examine if a bilateral deficit (BLD) exists in strength and jumping ability (power deficit) and if it changes differently with 6 weeks BL and UL complex training. Method: 18 male and 12 female elite handball players was selected to either a 6 weeks bilateral (BL, n = 10) or unilateral (UL, n = 20) complex strength training program. In addition both groups trained HIIT. Training volume, intensity and exercise motion was similar between the groups. Tests included maximal (1RM) UL and BL Smith machine squat strength, UL counter movement jump with arm swing (CMJ) and BL (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) jumping ability, modified T-test, straight sprint (5, 10, 20 and 30 m), repeated shuttle sprint ability (RSSA) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test (Yo-Yo IR) before and after 6 weeks training. Results: There was no significant difference between BL and UL groups and any of the selected tests. The UL group significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased sprint time pre- to post testing only between 0-10 m and significantly decreased RSAtotal pre- to post testing (p &lt; 0.01). BL group significantly (p &lt; 0.01) increased sprint time pre- to post testing only between 0-30 m. When pooling data from both groups significant (p &lt; 0.01) improvements were seen in maximal UL and BL strength, UL CMJ dominant leg, CODS and Yo-Yo IR test as well as increasing the BLD and power deficit for elite male and female handball players. Conclusion: 6 weeks of complex training using only BL or UL exercises combined with HIIT resulted in no significant changes between groups in any of the selected tests. Training unilaterally could possibly be a safer training method since the absolute load is lesser than BL training. / Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med studien är att undersöka effekterna av 6 veckors bilateral (BL) och unilateral (UL) kombinationsträning kombinerad med högintensiv intervall träning (HIIT) på maximal styrka, hoppförmåga, linjär sprint (5, 10, 20 och 30 m), snabbhet med riktningsförändringar (CODS), maximala upprepade sprinter med kort återhämtning (RSA) och specifik uthållighet på manliga och kvinnliga elithandbollsspelare. Ett annat syfte var att undersöka om bilateral deficit (BLD) existerar i styrke- och hoppövningar (power deficit) och huruvida 6 veckors BL och UL kombinationsträning påverkar förhållandet. Metod: 18 manliga och 12 kvinnliga elithandbollsspelare indelades i antingen ett bilateralt (BL, n = 10) eller ett unilateralt (UL, n = 20) kombinationsträningsprogram. Utöver kombinationsträningen utförde båda grupperna högintensiv intervallträning (HIIT). Träningsvolymen, intensiteten och övningsval var lika mellan grupperna. Testerna inkluderade maximal (1RM) UL och BL knäböjstyrka i Smith maskin, UL counter movement jump med armsving (CMJ) och BL CMJ, squat jump, (SJ), modifierat T-test, linjär sprint (5, 10, 20 och 30 m), upprepade shuttle sprintar (RSSA) och Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (Yo-Yo IR) före och efter 6 veckors träning. Resultat: Det fanns ingen signifikant skillnad mellan BL eller UL gruppen i någon av de valda testerna. UL gruppen förbättrade signifikant (p &lt; 0.05 ) sprint tiden mellan 0-10 m och minskade RSAtotal (p &lt; 0.01) efter träningsperioden. BL gruppen ökade signifikant (p &lt; 0.01) sprint tiden mellan 0-30 m. När data från båda grupperna lades samman visade resultatet signifikanta (p &lt; 0.01) förbättringar i maximal UL och BL styrka, UL CMJ på det dominanta benet, CODS och Yo-Yo IR test och även en signifikant ökning i BLD och power deficiten för manliga och kvinnliga elithandbollspelare. Slutsats: 6 veckors kombinationsträning med enbart BL eller UL övningar och HIIT resulterade inte i signifikanta skillnader mellan grupperna på något av de valda testerna. ULträning kan möjligtvis vara en säkrare träningsmetod eftersom den absoluta belastningen är lägre jämfört med BL träning. / <p>Uppsatsen tilldelades stipendiemedel ur Överste och Fru Adolf Johnssons fond VT 2015.</p>

Noger (2009) suppose qu’au-delà d’un certain seuil, la pratique peut conduire à des risques psychologiques. De plus en plus d’études se sont intéressées au burnout sportif (i.e. syndrome d’accomplissement réduit, d’épuisement physique et mental, et de dévalorisation du sport ; Raedeke, 1997). L’objectif de cette thèse est d’examiner le processus du burnout chez des adolescents engagés dans des filières d’accès au haut niveau à travers trois axes. Le premier a porté sur la validation et la révision du questionnaire du burnout sportif. Le second, a porté sur l’évolution du burnout. Les résultats de l’étude 2 ont montré que l’accomplissement réduit diminue, l’épuisement augmente puis diminue, et enfin, la dévalorisation du sport augmente entre 13 et 19 ans ; et que les filles ont des scores supérieurs aux garçons sur deux dimensions. De plus, plus un athlète a un sentiment d’accomplissement réduit et d’épuisement, plus il dévalorise son sport. Réciproquement, il pourra se sentir plus épuisé dans un premier temps puis son sentiment d’épuisement diminuerait. Dans le troisième axe, les études 3 et 4 ont examiné l’influence de l’entraîneur sur le burnout – à partir de la théorie de l’autodétermination et des buts d’accomplissement – et montre que plus un athlète perçoit que son entraîneur est contrôlant, moins il se sent autonome et autodéterminé et plus il aura de risques de burnout. De plus, plus un athlète perçoit que son entraîneur instaure un climat impliquant l’ego, plus il poursuit des buts maîtrise-évitement et plus il y aura de risques de burnout. Une dernière étude a confirmé que le burnout est multidimensionnel et comporte des différences interindividuelles / Noger (2009) evokes that beyond a certain threshold, the sport can lead to psychological risks for health. In this perspective, studies have focused on the athlete burnout (i.e. syndrome of reduced accomplishment, physical and mental exhaustion and sport devaluation ; Raedeke, 1997).The objective of this thesis is to examine the process of burnout in adolescent athlete enrolled in elite training structures through three lines of research. The first line has focused on conceptual breakthrough in athlete burnout. The second line has focused on the development of burnout in sports, taking into account the effects of gender and the causal influences between the dimensions. The results of study 2 showed that reduced accomplishment diminish, exhaustion raise then diminish, and sport devaluation raise from 13 to 19 years old; and also that girls have higher scores than boys on two dimensions. The results also highlighted that the more an athlete has a sense of reduced accomplishment and exhaustion, the more he devalues his sport. Reciprocally, he could feel more exhausted initially and then to feel less and less exhausted. The third line of research studies 3 and 4 examined the influence of the coach on burnout – from the self-determination theory and the achievement goal theories – and showed that an athlete perceiving a controlling coach, feels less autonomous and self-determined and he will be prone to have higher burnout. Meanwhile, an athlete perceiving that his coach creates an ego-involving climate, pursues mastery avoidance goals and be likely to develop higher burnout. A final study confirmed that athlete burnout is multidimensional and includes inter-individual differences

Title: Reflection of change of rules in the way of women's top handbal playing performance. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is the analysis of playing short-handed during the offense in chosen women's teams at the 2017 World Women's Handball Championship. For the purpose of the thesis I have chosen only parts of matches when a team plays short-handed with six attacking players against six defenders. Methods: I tis a quantitative research, where my focus is on evaluating the number of goals while playing short-handed. The data obtained will be enriched with the use of the qualitative research. Results: I have found out that, in the teams observed, a game without a goalkeeper during the attack phase in penalty can be applied in any stage of the match, since the chance of conceding a goal into an empty handbal goal is extremely low. Such a game influences the game-based performance and also influences result of the match. Keywords: Handball, rules, the seventh player in the field, short-handed, World Women's Handball Championship, game without goalkeeper

Title: Evaluation of the physiotherapy effectiveness in women handball players with an anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize the anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint knowledge in women handball players. Subsequently to perform and evaluate the effect of the three months long physiotherapy intervention based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation by which we wanted to eliminite the anterior instability of the glenohumeral joint. In the last part of the research are compared the results which were reached by the group which did the three months intervention program and the control group without any physiotherapeutical intervention. Methods: The experiment was performed in handball team HC Slavia Praha by women players range in age from 15 -19 years. It was carried out using 3 tests evaluating the instability of the anterior glenohumeral joint, which were evaluated by 2 different physiotherapists and 3 motor tests evaluating the explosive force of the upper limb. Testing was performed twice, before and after the three months long physiotherapeutical intervention. Results: After the three months intervention, there was a significant improvement of the results in the group which underwent the physiotherapy intervention....

Title: The effect of "neutral player" in the small-sided game 4 on 4 in handball Objectives: The main objective of this work is to analyze the characteristics of internal and external loads. The load is analyzed in the framework of small-sided games in team handball for women DHK Zora Olomouc. Diploma thesis partially continues and develops the work of bachelor Intensity loads of players in modifications handball from 2013 and this work is developing in many ways. Small-sided games are extended by "neutral player" and compared the effect of this player in individual games. For deciding whether the effect of "neutral player" significant or not it is used test statistics. Methods: In this thesis, the method of observation to track phenomena that are directly available to sensory perception. Furthermore, the method of questioning when based on forward-known indicators survey participants are asked about their assessment. The acquisition values of heart rate is used meter Polar Team 2. Finally, the method of data analysis for examining and identifying relationships between the data obtained. Results: During this study it was found that the involvement of "neutral players" in small-sided games is statistically insignificant. It does not contribute to the improvement of physical fitness. The results were...

Durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento (EAT), o treinador tem o papel de planejar e conduzir as atividades, principalmente no início dessa prática. No Brasil, para que se exerça essa função deve-se obrigatoriamente concluir a formação acadêmica. Especificamente no handebol enfatiza-se as vivências como atleta e profissional na atuação dos treinadores. Ainda notam-se poucos incentivos na formação desses por parte dos órgãos que regulamentam a modalidade esportiva no país, fazendo com que busque-se conhecimentos de forma particular e isolada, os quais podem não condizer com a realidade de seus ambientes profissionais. Com isso este estudo buscou compreender a atuação dos treinadores das categorias de base de handebol no Brasil, o que eles esperam de seus jogadores diante diferentes contextos e de como ensinam. Para isso realizou-se uma revisão sistemática acerca da temática, seguida da entrevista com treinadores das diferentes categorias de base do handebol no estado de São Paulo. Na tabulação e interpretação dos dados foi utilizado o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Na revisão sistemática identificou-se a necessidade de pesquisas que visem compreender a atuação dos treinadores do handebol brasileiro, principalmente nas categorias de base, uma vez que os trabalhos encontrados são predominantemente originários dos países europeus e/ou com treinadores experiente e que realizam seu trabalho com equipes adultas. Quanto à atuação dos treinadores de handebol nas categorias de base observou-se que os conteúdos exigidos pelos treinadores quando trabalhando suas equipes na fase defensiva e na fase ofensiva leva em consideração o processo maturacional e o tempo de vivência no handebol, porém ao analisarmos como são ensinados os conteúdos esperados, os discursos expressaram que o trabalho realizado pauta-se no ensino exclusivo de conteúdos específicos do handebol, o que não corresponde às demandas apresentadas em cada faixa etária, principalmente nas mais jovens. Conclui-se que no trabalho com as categorias de base do estado de São Paulo preocupa-se com a especificação da prática ao invés de diversificação, o que contrapõe os apontamentos feitos pela literatura de que esse tipo de treinamento pode levar os jogadores a praticarem o handebol de forma específica, existindo a possibilidade de conduzir os praticantes à especialização esportiva precoce. / In the Teaching-Learning-Training (TLT) process, coaches must plan and conduct the activities, mainly in the beginning of this practice. In Brazil, it is mandatory to complete the academic formation in order to perform this function. Specifically in handball it is reported that the athlete and professional experiences takes an important role in their professional activities. It is also noted that the Federations and Confederations do not help the coaches in their professional formation, making them seek for knowledge in a particular and isolated way, which may not match with their professional needs. This study look for understanding the youth teams coaches\' performance, what they expect of their players against some scenarios and how they teach those. For this, a systematic review about the theme has been made, followed by an interview with the Sao Paulo state youth team coaches. For the data tabulation and interpretation, it was used the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD). In the systematic review has been identified that there is a need for more research with to aim of understanding the coaches performance, mainly with the youth teams coaches, once that the publications about the theme are mostly from european countries and/or with experienced adult teams coaches. Concerning the youth teams coaches performance it was observed that they takes into account the maturational process and the handball experience time as they work their teams in the offensive and defensive phases, but if we analyze the way that they teach it, the discourses express that the activities are based on teaching many specific tasks, which do not correspond to the age needs, mainly in the youngers. It is concluded that Sao Paulo state youth teams work is concerned with the practice specification instead of the diversification, contrasting the literature appointments which says that this type of training may lead the players to a specific way of practice and conduct them to an early sports specialization.

Att som elitidrottare gå från ett liv där man i stort sett ägnat varje dag åt sin idrott och i bästa fall kunnat livnära sig på den till att det en dag tar slut innebär en stor omställning för de flesta idrottare. I tidigare studier beskrivs omställningen vid karriärövergången som något av det svåraste idrottare varit med om. Detta kan ha sin grund i att de flesta elitidrottare starkt kopplar sig till sin idrott och när det blir dags att avsluta idrottskarriären kan därför flera komplikationer uppstå. Hur karriärövergången upplevs kan bero på vilket sätt karriären avslutades, om avslutet skedde frivilligt eller ofrivilligt, om idrottaren hade så kallade dubbla karriärer och hur stark den egna idrottsidentiteten är. Syftet med studien var att undersöka före detta elithandbollsspelares upplevelser av karriärövergångar och dubbla karriärer. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med sex stycken före detta elithandbollsspelare som alla varit aktiva på landslagsnivå och vars karriärer på elitnivå pågått mellan 7 och 24 år. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide konstruerades och samtliga intervjuer spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades. Huvudresultaten i studien visade att de handbollsspelare vars karriärer avslutades frivilligt hanterade karriärövergången bättre än de handbollsspelare vars karriärer avslutades ofrivilligt. Utöver hur karriären avslutades sågs de mest betydelsefulla framgångsfaktorerna för en så naturlig övergång som möjligt i form av dubbla karriärer, copingresurser i form av socialt stöd och övergången från spelare till tränare. Vidare kan det diskuteras kring frånvaron av de idrottspsykologiska resurserna för handbollsspelare både under karriären och vid övergången från en elitidrottskarriär till en yrkeskarriär. Ett idrottspsykologiskt stöd i form av till exempel en mental coach hade troligtvis hjälpt många spelare att hantera motgångar under karriären, karriäravslutet samt karriärövergången bättre. Att börja med detta i ett tidigt skede skulle troligtvis bidra till att fler handbollsspelare stannar kvar inom idrotten i en längre utsträckning, vilket kan ses som en fördel för handbollens framväxt. / As an elite athlete, going from a life where one is practically devoted every day to their sport and at best, being able to feed on it until it one day ends, means a big change for most athletes. In previous studies, the conversion at the career transition is described as one of the most challenging things athletes had been through. This may be due to the fact that most elite athletes are strongly connected to their sport and when the time comes to finish the sports career, several complications can arise. How the career transition is perceived may depend on how the career ended, if the conclusion was voluntary or involuntary, if the athlete had so-called double careers and how strong their own sports identity is. The purpose of this study was to investigate former elite handball players’ experiences of career transitions and dual careers. Qualitative interviews were conducted with six former elite handball players, all of whom were active at the national team level and whose elite careers lasted between 7 and 24 years. A semi-structured interview guide was constructed and all of the interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. The main findings of the study show that handball players whose career ended voluntarily handled the career transition better than the handball players whose careers ended involuntarily. In addition to how to career ended, the most important success factors for such a natural transition as possible, were seen in the form of double careers, coping resources in the form of social support and the transition from being a player to being a coach. Furthermore, the absence of the sports psychological resources for handball players can be discussed both during their career and at the transition from an elite sports career to a professional career. A sports psychological support in the form of, for example, a mental coach had probably helped many players to deal with setbacks during their career, career termination and career transition better. Beginning with this at an early stage would likely contribute to more handball players remaining in the sport for a longer time, which can be seen as an advantage for the handball’s growth.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka elitsatsande handbollsgymnasieelevers upplevda sammanhållning i deras respektive klubblag samt i deras träningsgrupp vid skolan. Vidare studerades handbollsspelarnas upplevelser av skillnader eller likheter i lagsammanhållningen i klubblag och träningsgrupp. Undersökningsdeltagarna bestod av tio män (M = 18,5) som går på ett elithandbollsgymnasium i Sverige. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av en intervjuguide baserad på Carron´s (1982) konceptuella ramverk. Resultaten redovisades i huvudteman där positiva och negativa påverkansfaktorer för lagsammanhållningen klargjordes i träningsgrupp på skolan respektive klubblag. Vidare visade resultaten att majoriteten av undersökningsdeltagarna upplevde en mycket god social sammanhållning i träningsgruppen på gymnasiet och generellt en medelbra social och en bra uppgiftssammanhållning i sitt klubblag. Avslutningsvis framkom att de sammanlagda negativa upplevelserna, med koppling till lagsammanhållning, upplevdes vara fler i klubblag än i träningsgruppen på gymnasiet. Resultaten motsade några samt bekräftade redan tidigare studier. / The purpose of this study was to examine elite high school handball players perception of team cohesion in their teams and elite exercise group in school. Moreover the perception of differences and similarities in team cohesion in the two groups were investigated. The participants were ten men (mean age = 18,5) elite handball high school students in Sweden. Data was collected through an interview guide based on Carron´s (1982) conceptual framework. The results were showed in themes where positive and negative factors related to cohesion were shown in both teams and elite exercise group. Further the results showed that the majority of the participants perceive very good social cohesion in the exercise group in school and generally an average social and good task cohesion in their teams. Finally the total amount of negative perception, associated with team cohesion, were more in teams comparing to the exercise group in high school. The results supported and partly contradicted previous research.