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41	In Sede Manium, Opes: Tracing the Funerary Use of Coinage in the Southern Italian Greek States Until the Pyrrhic War’s End / THE FUNERARY USE OF COINAGE IN SOUTHERN ITALIAN GREEK STATES / L’Utilisation funéraire de la monnaie en Grande-Grèce jusqu’à la fin de la guerre de Pyrrhus / L'uso funerario delle monete in Lucania fino alla fine della guerra di Pirro Zuckerman, Marshall January 2024 (has links) Missing from the discussion surrounding the use of coinage in select burials within southern Italian Greek necropoleis in the fourth and third centuries BCE is an attempt to reconstruct the ancient conception of the ritualistic function of coinage. It is through a chronological survey of epigraphical evidence for temple finances that we can trace the concurrent developments of the recognition of a fiduciary value to money, on one hand, and the acceptance of a ritualistic function to coinage on the other. Both occur simultaneously in Magna Graecia where the earliest coins in burial have been found. The case study of Metaponto, an archaeological site around the Lucanian Apennines, reveals a correspondence between an Oscan assemblage of funerary equipment and the presence of coinage. One tomb in particular contains an old coin’s ceramic impression, a clear representation of a value above that of its monetary model. Indigenous Italian agency ought therefore be considered when explaining, not just the ritualistic deposition of bronze coinage in Italy, but also a broader recognition of the sacred and fiduciary value to coinage which led to its deposition. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / When did humans start conceptualising the abstract notion of value which underpins modern paper money? The time of Socrates’ death was one of economic transition, when coins were first integrated into funerary rituals, used as religious dedicatory offerings, and minted in a new metal, bronze. These concurrent developments stemmed from the need for Greeks, using silver, to exchange with indigenous Italians who used bronze. This created a symbolic value for the bronze coins which was manifested in the contemporaneous acceptance of coinage in religious rituals. The case study of Metaponto, a Greek city founded in southern Italy, demonstrates the indigenous Italian impetus to include coinage in funerary assemblages, and by extension, their involvement in redefining the economic conception of money. A ceramic impression of an older coin found in one of these burials, is similar to paper money in that it represents a value abstracted from its silver model. Economic history Origin of money History of economic thought History of ideas Funerary archeology Magna graecia Numismatics Post-colonial studies hybridity Magna Grecia Metaponto
42	Les idées économiques en contexte : la tradition de la pensée allemande et sa réception aujourd’hui Pilon, Jacinthe 04 1900 (has links) La libéralisation et la standardisation des marchés ont rendu les économies nationales instables. Les changements paradigmatiques causés par cette situation mènent au remodelage de la définition et du rôle de l’économie politique, affectant des institutions étatiques, dont l’état social et le marché du travail. Ce travail fait ressortir les différences d’interprétation et d’analyses selon les traditions en pensée économique. Le cas de l’Allemagne devient intéressant, puisqu’il y a une tradition de pensée économique particulière avec ses courants de pensée plus sociaux et, selon la théorie de variétés de capitalisme, un capitalisme différent du modèle américain. L’économiste social allemand Wolfgang Streeck soutient d’ailleurs que le capitalisme se dissocie tranquillement de son aspect démocratique alors que d’autres chercheurs n’arrivent pas à cette conclusion. Dans un contexte de libéralisation et de standardisation, ne devrait-il pas y avoir une standardisation des analyses et des courants de pensées économiques, eux-mêmes déterminés selon leur contexte politique et social ? Peut-on conclure que les conclusions de Streeck sont définies par les pensées économiques allemandes traditionnelles ? La recherche lie deux approches : celle économique (comment produire davantage) et celle politique (comment répartir). Cette discipline qu’est l’économie politique vient prendre en compte l’aspect social de l’économie. La méthodologie consiste à faire un portrait de la pensée économique de Streeck et le situer historiquement, nationalement et internationalement afin de démontrer que, malgré la mondialisation, les économies et pensées économiques nationales sont encore pertinentes. / Market liberalisation and standardisation have rendered national economies unstable. The paradigmatic changes caused by the situation have remodeled the definition and role of political economy. They have also affected state institutions, may it be the welfare state and the labour market. This research paper brings forward interpretation and analyses differences according to different traditions of economic thought. Germany’s case becomes interesting since it has a specific tradition of economic thought with its more social perspectives and, according to the varieties of capitalism theory, a very distinct capitalist model compared to the usually more preferred Anglo-Saxon model. The German social economist Wolfgang Streeck arguments that capitalism is slowly separating itself from its democratic aspect whereas other researchers come to other conclusions. In this context of liberalisation and standardisation, should there not be a standardisation of analyses and economic school of thoughts, themselves defined by their political and social context? Is it possible to conclude that Streeck’s conclusions are defined by traditional German economic thought? The research paper links two approaches: the economic approach (how to produce more) and the political one (how to distribute). The discipline of political economy takes the social aspect of economy into consideration. The methodology consists of sketching a portrait of Streeck’s economic thought and situating him historically, nationally and internationally, in order to demonstrate that, even with globalisation, national economies and national economic thought are still highly relevant. Variétés de capitalisme Capitalisme démocratique économie politique pensée économique histoire pensée économique pensée nationale crise du capitalisme Varieties of capitalism Democratic capitalism Political economy Economic thought History of economic thought National thought Crisis of capitalism
43	L'économie face aux enquêtes psychologiques 1944 -1960 : unité de la science économique, diversité des pratiques / Economics in the light of psychological surveys (1944 - 1960) : unity of science, diversity of practices Dechaux, Pierrick 01 December 2017 (has links) Cette thèse étudie la trajectoire historique des enquêtes psychologiques produites au Survey Research Center de l’Université du Michigan à l’initiative de George Katona. Aujourd’hui, on ne retient de ces enquêtes que les indicateurs de confiance produits chaque mois par plus de cinquante pays pour analyser la conjoncture. Pourquoi continue-t-on à produire et à utiliser ces enquêtes et ces indicateurs alors qu’un consensus s’est produit en macroéconomie et en microéconomie autour d’un ensemble de modèles qui n’en font pas l’usage ? Pour répondre à cette question, on étudie plusieurs controverses qui se sont produites autour des enquêtes du Michigan entre 1944 et 1960. On montre que l’époque est caractérisée de décisions au sein des gouvernements et du monde des affaires. La thèse montre que si ces débats sont peu connus des économistes aujourd’hui, c’est parce qu’ils se sont poursuivis dans des champs disciplinaires périphériques à l’économie. Ces disciplines sont concernées par des problèmes pratiques dont les économistes théoriciens se sont progressivement détournés. En proposant une analyse des liens entre la théorie économique et sa mise en pratique, cette thèse offre une nouvelle manière d’appréhender l’histoire de la macroéconomie récente et de l’économie comportementale. L’histoire des dynamiques intellectuelles d’après-guerre ne se résume ni à des innovations théoriques, ni à un nouveau rapport entre la théorie et l’empirie. En effet, ces dynamiques reposent aussi sur la redéfinition des frontières entre la science et son art ; entre d’un côté l’économie et de l’autre le marketing et la conjoncture. / This dissertation looks at the historical development of George Kantona's psychological surveys at the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan. The main legacy of this work has been the widespread adoption of confidence indicators. They are used each month by more than fifty countries and widely implemented by business managers and forecasters. How do we explain the widespread usage of these indicators despite a prevalent consensus in macroeconomics and microeconomics that does not consider them as important tools? In order to answer this question, we study several controversies that occurred around Michigan surveys between 1944 and 1960. It is shown that this era is characterized by many interdisciplinary exchanges guided by the practical needs of decision-makers in governments and private companies. I show that if economists know little about these debates, it is because they were maintained in disciplinary fields on the periphery of economics. These fields are centered on practical problems that theoretical economists progressively abandoned. This thesis offers a new way of understanding the history of recent macroeconomics and behavioral economics by proposing an analysis of the links between economic theory and its application in practice. For instance, the history of post-war intellectual dynamics cannot be reduced to theoretical innovations or to a new relationship between theory and empiricism. Indeed, these dynamics rely also on the transformation of the boundaries between the science and its art; between the economy on the one hand and marketing and forecasting on the other. Histoire de la pensée Economie comportementale Macroéconomie Economie appliquée George Katona Indicateurs de confiance Marketing Prévision conjoncturelle History of economic thought Behavioral economics Macroeconomics Applied economics George Katona Confidence indexes Marketing Short-term forecasting 330
44	La révolution du capital humain : d'une approche macroéconomique à une théorie microéconomique / The Human Capital Revolution : From a Macroeconomics Approach to a Microeconomics Theory Matéos, Sylvère 14 September 2018 (has links) L’hypothèse à l’origine de ce travail est que les remises en question récentes du concept de capital humain sont inextricablement liées aux conditions dans lesquelles cette théorie a émergé. En conséquence, remonter aux origines de la révolution du capital humain permet d’apporter un éclairage nouveau sur les problèmes de définition et de mesure que le conceptrencontre aujourd’hui. Dans une perspective d’histoire de la pensée économique, nous nous proposons d’analyser les ondements conceptuels du cadre théorique du capital humain qui a émergé à la fin des années 1950 sous l’impulsion de trois auteurs : Gary Becker, Jacob Mincer et Théodore Schultz. Au début des années 1950, Schultz utilise le concept de capitalhumain pour expliquer le résidu de croissance. Le programme de recherche qu’il lance s’inscrit ainsi dans le corpus des théories de la croissance. Schultz parvient immédiatement à faire la preuve de la pertinence de ce facteur de production oublié. Au même moment, c’est-à-dire au milieu des années 1950, Mincer travaille lui aussi sur le concept de capital humain, mais comme déterminant de la distribution des revenus individuels. Quant à Becker, ce n’est qu’à la fin des années 1950 qu’il s’intéressera au capital humain : il propose d’analyser les choix individuels de formation au moyen de la théorie du choix rationnel et d’étudier le taux de rendement privé de l’investissement dans l’éducation. Le modèle microéconomique élaboré par Becker sera immédiatement utilisé par Mincer et va s’imposer aux dépens de l’approche macroéconomique de Schultz. / The hypothesis underlying this work is that the recent criticism faced by human capital concept are inextricably linked to the emerging conditions of the theory. Getting to the roots of the human capital revolution gives a new perspective on both theoretical and measurement issues. Using the history of economic thought perspective, we analyse the conceptual foundations of the human capital theory developed by Gary Becker, Jacob Mincer and Theodore Schultz in the late fifties. In 1950, Schultz used the concept of human capital in order to explain growth residual. His research program is embodied in the corpus ofgrowth theory. Schultz promptly succeeds to show the importance of this forgotten factor. Simultaneously, Mincer works on the same concept considering it as the main determinant of the personal income distribution. Few years later, Becker tried to understand the individual choice of training using the rational choice theory, and study the private rate of return of investment in education. His model, immediately adopted by Mincer, will establish itself as the standard model, vanishing the macroeconomic approach of Schultz. Histoire de la pensée économique Capital humain Théodore Schultz Gary Becker Jacob Mincer Microéconomie Macroéconomie Économie de l’éducation History of economic thought Human capital Theodore Schultz Gary Becker Jacob Mincer Microeconomics Macroeconomics Economics of education 330
45	The economics and externalities of agricultural land in the urban fringe Stobbe, Tracy 08 August 2008 (has links) The preservation of agricultural land, especially that which lies close to cities (in the so-called urban fringe), is a concern in many jurisdictions around the world. Agricultural land values change dramatically as farmland is located nearer to urban areas and development pressure has increased on these lands as urban populations have expanded. In British Columbia, Canada, a provincial-wide zoning system forbids the development or non-agricultural use of land without special permission. This system is explicitly designed to protect the capability of the land to produce food in the future, but it also implicitly protects the positive spillovers from agricultural land such as environmental services and open space. Three empirical papers comprise the original research in this dissertation. They seek to answer related questions about agricultural land values in the urban fringe. First, a statistical investigation is conducted into the factors that are associated with successful applications for exclusion from the agricultural zoning system. This study finds that a measure of distance (metres from the main highway) is highly significantly correlated with a parcel’s chances of being excluded. Next, a paper examines the trend of hobby farmers springing up in the urban fringe. Two different models seek to illuminate common trends in the types of parcels that hobby farmers choose, and the price that hobby farmers pay for the land, respectively. This study finds that hobby farmers seem to be very selective about the parcels they choose, likely trying to take advantage of favourable taxation rates for agricultural producers in place in the province. Lastly, a study seeks to understand how residential parcels’ values are influenced by the nearness to and view of agricultural land. Agricultural land in the study does not appear to exhibit an open space premium, though this could be influenced by uncertainty about the future use of the land. All the empirical work in this dissertation utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) technology that allows the calculation of distances to features of interest. Hedonic pricing models and binary choice models are the main statistical tools used. Agricultural land economics geography GIS externalities public goods urban fringe farmland regional economics environment rent theory history of economic thought
46	The economics and externalities of agricultural land in the urban fringe Stobbe, Tracy 08 August 2008 (has links) The preservation of agricultural land, especially that which lies close to cities (in the so-called urban fringe), is a concern in many jurisdictions around the world. Agricultural land values change dramatically as farmland is located nearer to urban areas and development pressure has increased on these lands as urban populations have expanded. In British Columbia, Canada, a provincial-wide zoning system forbids the development or non-agricultural use of land without special permission. This system is explicitly designed to protect the capability of the land to produce food in the future, but it also implicitly protects the positive spillovers from agricultural land such as environmental services and open space. Three empirical papers comprise the original research in this dissertation. They seek to answer related questions about agricultural land values in the urban fringe. First, a statistical investigation is conducted into the factors that are associated with successful applications for exclusion from the agricultural zoning system. This study finds that a measure of distance (metres from the main highway) is highly significantly correlated with a parcel’s chances of being excluded. Next, a paper examines the trend of hobby farmers springing up in the urban fringe. Two different models seek to illuminate common trends in the types of parcels that hobby farmers choose, and the price that hobby farmers pay for the land, respectively. This study finds that hobby farmers seem to be very selective about the parcels they choose, likely trying to take advantage of favourable taxation rates for agricultural producers in place in the province. Lastly, a study seeks to understand how residential parcels’ values are influenced by the nearness to and view of agricultural land. Agricultural land in the study does not appear to exhibit an open space premium, though this could be influenced by uncertainty about the future use of the land. All the empirical work in this dissertation utilizes geographic information systems (GIS) technology that allows the calculation of distances to features of interest. Hedonic pricing models and binary choice models are the main statistical tools used. Agricultural land economics geography GIS externalities public goods urban fringe farmland regional economics environment rent theory history of economic thought
47	A relação entre o processo cumulativo e a teoria quantitativa da moeda: uma análise da abordagem monetária de Wicksell e de algumas interpretações posteriores Martins, Darcio Genicolo 15 June 2007 (has links) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Darcio Martins.pdf: 419759 bytes, checksum: 62809c924d64c55fa6dcb61f10df1f7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The main goal of this thesis is to analyze Wicksell s monetary approach, with focus on the Cumulative Process. This is made through the reconstruction of theoretical and practical context in which this theory was originated, underlying its relation with the Quantitative Theory of Money. The modern debate on the quantitative character of the Wicksell s view is also analyzed. The thesis is divided in four fundamental parts: (i) the analysis of the institutional and economic environment of XIX century, focusing on the English monetary controversies; (ii) the description of the two positions in Monetary Theory that, according to Wicksell, synthesized the debate: Quantitative Theory of Money Ricardo s version and the Tooke s monetary approach; (iii) the analysis of Wicksell s monetary approach with emphasis of the Cumulative Process analysis; (iv) a brief description of Humphrey, Patinkin, Haavelmo e Leijohnufvud conceptions about the Cumulative Process and their respective opinions about the quantitative characteristic of the Wicksell s model / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender a abordagem monetária de Wicksell, com foco no Processo Cumulativo. Faz-se isto, com a análise do contexto prático-teórico em que ela foi originada, com ênfase em sua relação com a Teoria Quantitativa da Moeda; na visão do próprio autor e de seus comentadores posteriores. Para isto, dividiu-se a análise em quatro momentos fundamentais: (i) delimitação do ambiente sócio-econômico e institucional de todo o século XIX, no qual Wicksell estava inserido, com foco nas controvérsias monetárias inglesas; (ii) descrição e críticas de Wicksell das duas posições-síntese em Teoria Monetária em fins do século XIX, segundo o autor: Teoria Quantitativa da Moeda de Ricardo e abordagem de Tooke; (iii) apresentação da abordagem monetária de Wicksell: é feita a análise do modelo do Processo Cumulativo; (iv) breve descrição de algumas interpretações sobre o Processo Cumulativo: Humphrey, Patinkin, Haavelmo e Leijohnufvud, e suas respectivas opiniões sobre o caráter quantitativista ou não do modelo de Wicksell História do Pensamento Econômico Knut Wicksell Teoria Monetária Teoria Quantitativa da Moeda Processo Cumulativo Macroeconomia Moeda Questao monetaria History of Economic Thought Knut Wicksell Monetary Theory Quantitative Theory of Money Cumulative Process Macroeconomics
48	The Social Construction of Economic Man: The Genesis, Spread, Impact and Institutionalisation of Economic Ideas Mackinnon, Lauchlan A. K. Unknown Date (has links) The present thesis is concerned with the genesis, diffusion, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas. Despite Keynes's oft-cited comments to the effect that 'the ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood'(Keynes 1936: 383), and the highly visible impact of economic ideas (for example Keynesian economics, Monetarism, or economic ideas regarding deregulation and antitrust issues) on the economic system, economists have done little to systematically explore the spread and impact of economic ideas. In fact, with only a few notable exceptions, the majority of scholarly work concerning the spread and impact of economic ideas has been developed outside of the economics literature, for example in the political institutionalist literature in the social sciences. The present thesis addresses the current lack of attention to the spread and impact of economic ideas by economists by drawing on the political institutionalist, sociological, and psychology of creativity literatures to develop a framework in which the genesis, spread, impact and institutionalisation of economic ideas may be understood. To articulate the dissemination and impact of economic ideas within economics, I consider as a case study the evolution of economists' conception of the economic agent - "homo oeconomicus." I argue that the intellectual milieu or paradigm of economics is 'socially constructed' in a specific sense, namely: (i) economic ideas are created or modified by particular individuals; (ii) economic ideas are disseminated (iii) certain economic ideas are accepted by economists and (iv) economic ideas become institutionalised into the paradigm or milieu of economics. Economic ideas are, of course, disseminated not only within economics to fellow economists, but are also disseminated externally to economic policy makers and business leaders who can - and often do - take economic ideas into account when formulating policy and building economic institutions. Important economic institutions are thereby socially constructed, in the general sense proposed by Berger and Luckmann (1966). But how exactly do economic ideas enter into this process of social construction of economic institutions? Drawing from and building on structure/agency theory (e.g. Berger and Luckmann 1966; Bourdieu 1977; Bhaskar 1979/1998, 1989; Bourdieu 1990; Lawson 1997, 2003) in the wider social sciences, I provide a framework for understanding how economic ideas enter into the process of social construction of economic institutions. Finally, I take up a methodological question: if economic ideas are disseminated, and if economic ideas have a real and constitutive impact on the economic system being modelled, does 'economic science' then accurately and objectively model an independently existing economic reality, unchanged by economic theory, or does economic theory have an interdependent and 'reflexive' relationship with economic reality, as economic reality co-exists with, is shaped by, and also shapes economic theory? I argue the latter, and consider the implications for evaluating in what sense economic science is, in fact, a science in the classical sense. The thesis makes original contributions to understanding the genesis of economic ideas in the psychological creative work processes of economists; understanding the ontological location of economic ideas in the economic system; articulating the social construction of economic ideas; and highlighting the importance of the spread of economic ideas to economic practice and economic methodology. 410401 Design Theory 349901 Political Economy 370000 Studies in Human Society 340302 History of Economic Thought 349900 Other Economics 410402 Design Innovation 360201 Public Policy 360000 Policy and Political Science 380100 Psychology 360100 Political Science 360200 Policy and Administration 370101 Social Theory 370102 Social Policy and Planning 340100 Economic Theory genesis spread diffusion impact institutionalisation economic ideas idea ideation psychology of creativity Wallas Wertheimer stage model productive thinking creative creativity process economic economics sociology social methodology methodological self-altering self-fulfilling self-denying prophecy belief reflexive reflexivity institution institutionalise institutionalised social construction Berger Luckmann Bhaskar critical realism Lawson Bordieu habitus field spread impact ideation ideational structure social structure action creativity creative economists sociology philosophy of science homo economicus homo oeconomicus economic man economic agent rational economic man man lucas critique Goodhart's law Keynes Marx Mill Hayek Hicks Samuelson Walras Jevons Arrow Debreu Samuelson Merton sociology of economics sociology of scientific knowledge SSK Holton prediction control reflexive prediction reflexivity Whitley Mackie canonization Henshel Grunberg Modigliani Morgenstern Lucas Muth Simon Blyth Hall Sikkink Hira Hood institutionalize institutionalized socialise socialisation internalise internalisation internalization socialization behaviour behavior Thomas theorem expectations stage model productive thinking evolution

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