The research on this study examines how first impressions are formed in the hotel setting. The study also looks at the social intelligence process through the constructs of self-monitoring and impression management.

Psychological assessment relies on accurate and forthright reporting to determine valid clinical presentations. However, it has long been recognized that examinees may be motivated to present a "better picture" through Positive Impression Management (PIM). Within the PIM domain, two distinct motivations (i.e., defensiveness and social desirability) emerge that have not been clearly differentiated in empirical literature. This thesis addressed the research gap for detecting PIM distortion of personality pathology, utilizing the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). In this investigation, 106 psychiatric inpatients were recruited from the adult Co-Occurring Disorders and Trauma Programs at University Behavioral Health. Using a mixed within- and between-subjects design, participants engaged in simulation via scenarios to be considered for a highly valued rehabilitation program (defensiveness) or employment (social desirability). As expected, inpatients showed elevated levels of problematic personality traits when reporting genuinely, but suppressed them under PIM conditions. These findings highlight that the PID-5, like all multiscale inventories, is highly vulnerable to intentional PIM distortion. Interestingly, respondents in the social desirability condition generally engaged in more total denial than those in the defensiveness condition. Empirically- and theoretically-based validity scales were developed to identify simulators and differentiate between conditions. Besides PIM, higher levels of experienced stigma were associated with more personality pathology, particularly the domain of Detachment. In addition, ancillary analyses showed strong convergence of the PID-5 with its hierarchical trait model to the DSM-IV categorical model. Continued research to detect PIM distortion, and more importantly to differentiate between PIM motivations, is essential for accurate clinical assessment of personality disorder traits and effective treatment planning.

Studien syftar till att undersöka hur designlösningar kan hjälpa förstagångsanvändare till att få en bättre förståelse för hur digitala vårdcentraler fungerar. Begreppet onboarding är centralt i arbetet samt Cardoso's ramverk för onboarding. Onboarding beskriver en upplärningsprocess där användaren introduceras till tjänsten så att han eller hon kan använda den och bli en aktiv användare. För att genomföra studien har en explorativ ansats gjorts. Undersökningen har delats upp i tre delar; en förstudie, en designfas och en värderingsfas. Sammanlagt har 17 deltagare rekryterats. Studien resulterade i tre olika prototyper som testades. Resultatet av studien visade att deltagarnas kunskapslucka kring hur läkarbesöket går till fylldes med hjälp av en introduktion - en onboarding. / The study aims to investigating how design solutions can help first-time users to gain a better understanding of how digital primary care works. The concept of onboarding is central to this study and the scientist Cardoso's onboarding framework. Onboarding describes a learning process where the user is introduced to the service so that he or she can use it and become an active user. In order to complete the study, an explorative approach has been made. The study has been divided into three parts; a preliminary study, a design phase and a valuation phase. A total of 17 participants have been recruited. The study resulted in three different prototypes that participant tested. The result of the study showed that the participants' knowledge gap about how the doctor visit works on a digital primary care application was filled with an introduction - an onboarding.

Texten i årsredovisningen är relativt oreglerad och utgör en möjlighet för företag att påverka investerarnas uppfattning om företaget genom ett narrativ som gynnar företagets mål och syften. Impression management och pollyannaeffekten används för att förklara varför företag tenderar att vara optimistiska kring sina prestationer och vill framställa sig på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Tidigare forskning inom impression management studerar generellt ägare som en homogen grupp. Studien kompletterar tidigare forskning inom impression management genom att undersöka familjeägandets påverkan på förekomsten av impression management. Familjeägare har starkare incitament att säkerställa att ledningen agerar i deras intresse baserat på deras unika karaktärsdrag i jämförelse med andra ägare, vilket minskar informationsasymmetrin mellan ledningen och ägare. Impression management undersöks genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av företagens VD-ord som undersöker framtoning, betoning och prestationsjämförelse. En undersökning av 100 slumpmässigt utvalda svenska börsnoterade företags VD-ord visar att samtliga företag presenterar övervägande positiv information. Studien visar även att familjeägda företag är mindre benägna att använda sig av impression management i jämförelse med icke-familjeägda företag. / The text in the annual report is relatively unregulated and constitutes an opportunity for firms to influence investors' perceptions of the company through a narrative that benefits the firm's objectives. Impression management and the Pollyanna effect are used to explain why firms tend to be optimistic about their performance and why they wish to present themselves in a self-serving way. Owners have in previous research on Impression management been treated as a homogenous group. This study complements previous Impression management research by examining the impact of family ownership on the prevalence of Impression management. Family owners have, in comparison to other owners, stronger incentives to ensure that managers act in the interest of the family based on the unique characteristics of family ownership, which reduces the information asymmetry between the management and family owner. Impression management is examined through a quantitative content analysis of companies' CEO letters. In specific, the content analysis examines the tone, emphasis and performance comparisons. The findings of 100 randomly selected Swedish public listed firms' CEO letters show that all firms communicate mainly positive information. The findings also show that firms owned by families are less prone to use impression management in comparison to non-family firms. This study is written in Swedish.

Nowadays there is a strong demand for lighter vehicles in order to increase the pay load. Through this the specific fuel consumption is decreased, the amount of greenhouse gases is lowered and the transport economy improved. One possibility to optimize the weight is to make the components from high strength steels and join them by welding. Welding is the main joining method for fabrication of a large proportion of all engineering structures. Many components experience fatigue loading during all or part of their life time and welded connections are often the prime location of fatigue failure.Fatigue fracture in welded structures often initiates at the weld toe as aconsequence of large residual stresses and changes in geometry acting as stress concentrators. The objective of this research is to increase the understanding of the factors that control fatigue life in welded components made from very high strength steels with a yield strength of more than 800 MPa. In particular the influences of the local weld toe geometry (weld toe radius and angle) and residual stress on fatigue life have been studied. Residual stresses have been varied by welding with conventional as well as Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) filler materials. The three non-destructive techniques Weld Impression Analysis (WIA), Laser Scanning Profiling (LSP) and Structured Light Projection (SLP) have been applied to evaluate the weld toe geometry.Results suggest that all three methods could be used successfully to measure the weld toe radius and angle, but the obtained data are dependent on the evaluation procedure. WIA seems to be a suitable and economical choice when the aim is just finding the radius. However, SLP is a good method to fast obtain a threedimensional image of the weld profile, which also makes it more suitable for quality control in production. It was also found that the use of LTTconsumables increased fatigue life and that residual stress has a relatively larger influence than the weld toe geometry on fatigue strength of welded parts.

Why do librarians struggle so much with instruction? Part of the problem is that we have so many facets to consider: pedagogy, campus culture, relationships with faculty, and effectiveness with students. Research on student and faculty perceptions of librarians combined with sociological and psychological research on the magnitude of impression effects prompted us to more thoroughly examine how perceptions of instruction librarians impact successful teaching and learning. In this article, we look at theories of impression formation, the historical feminization of librarianship, and suggestions for next steps that we should take in order to take charge of our image and our instruction.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and understand the effect of a servicescape’s ambient and social conditions on consumers’ service encounter experience and their approach/avoidance behavior in a retail context. In three papers, with a total sample of over 1600 participants (including 550 actual consumers) and seven experiments, the author investigates the effect of music (ambient stimuli), employees’ self-disclosure (verbal social stimuli) and employees’ gazing behavior (nonverbal social stimuli) on consumers’ service encounter experience and approach/avoidance behavior in a retail store. Paper I comprised two experiments, and the aim was to investigate the influence of music on emotions, approach/avoidance behavior. Paper II comprised two experiments, and the aim was to investigate the effect of frontline employees’ personal self-disclosure on consumers’ reciprocal behavior. Paper III comprised three experiments, and the aim was to investigate the influence of employee’s direct eye gaze/ averted eye gaze on consumer emotions, social impression of the frontline employee and encounter satisfaction in different purchase situations. The results in this thesis show that music affects consumers in both positive and negative ways (Paper I). Self-disclosure affects consumers negatively, in such a way that it decreases encounter satisfaction  (Paper II) and, finally, eye gaze affects consumers by regulating both positively – and in some cases also negatively – consumers’ social impression of the frontline employee and their encounter satisfaction (Paper III). The conclusions of this thesis are that both ambient and social stimuli in a servicescape affect consumers’ internal responses, which in turn affect their behavior. Depending on the purchase situation, type of retail, and stimuli, the internal and behavioral responses are different. / The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and understand the effect of a servicescape’s ambient and social conditions on consumers’ service encounter experience and their approach/avoidance behavior in a retail context. In three papers, with a total sample of over 1600 participants (including 550 actual consumers) and seven experiments, the author investigates the effect of music, employees’ self-disclosure and employees’ gazing behavior on consumers’ service encounter experience and approach/avoidance behavior in a retail store. The results in this thesis show that music affects consumers in both positive and negative ways (Paper I). Self-disclosure affects consumers negatively, in such a way that it decreases encounter satisfaction (Paper II) and, finally, eye gaze affects consumers by regulating both positively – and in some cases also negatively – consumers’ social impression of the frontline employee and their encounter satisfaction (Paper III). The conclusions of this thesis are that both ambient and social stimuli in a servicescape affect consumers’ internal responses, which in turn affect their behavior. Depending on the purchase situation, type of retail, and stimuli, the internal and behavioral responses are different.

Introduction: Le but de l’étude était d’examiner l’effet des matériaux à empreintes sur la précision et la fiabilité des modèles d’études numériques. Méthodes: Vingt-cinq paires de modèles en plâtre ont été choisies au hasard parmi les dossiers de la clinique d’orthodontie de l’Université de Montréal. Une empreinte en alginate (Kromopan 100), une empreinte en substitut d’alginate (Alginot), et une empreinte en PVS (Aquasil) ont été prises de chaque arcade pour tous les patients. Les empreintes ont été envoyées chez Orthobyte pour la coulée des modèles en plâtre et la numérisation des modèles numériques. Les analyses de Bolton 6 et 12, leurs mesures constituantes, le surplomb vertical (overbite), le surplomb horizontal (overjet) et la longueur d’arcade ont été utilisés pour comparaisons. Résultats : La corrélation entre mesures répétées était de bonne à excellente pour les modèles en plâtre et pour les modèles numériques. La tendance voulait que les mesures répétées sur les modèles en plâtre furent plus fiables. Il existait des différences statistiquement significatives pour l’analyse de Bolton 12, pour la longueur d’arcade mandibulaire, et pour le chevauchement mandibulaire, ce pour tous les matériaux à empreintes. La tendance observée fut que les mesures sur les modèles en plâtre étaient plus petites pour l’analyse de Bolton 12 mais plus grandes pour la longueur d’arcade et pour le chevauchement mandibulaire. Malgré les différences statistiquement significatives trouvées, ces différences n’avaient aucune signification clinique. Conclusions : La précision et la fiabilité du logiciel pour l’analyse complète des modèles numériques sont cliniquement acceptables quand on les compare avec les résultats de l’analyse traditionnelle sur modèles en plâtre. / Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different impression materials on the accuracy and reliability of digital models. Methods: Models from 25 patients selected at random from the files of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Montreal were used in this study. One alginate (Kromopan 100 alginate, Italy), 1 alginate alternative (Alginot, Kerr Dentistry, Orange, CA), and 1 PVS (Aquasil, Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE) impression was taken of both arches of each patient and sent to Orthobyte (Othobyte Digital Technology inc., Calgary, AB) for fabrication of a plaster model and scanning for production of a digital model. The Bolton 6 and 12 analyses and their constituent measurements, overbite, overjet, and arch length were used for the comparison. Results: The repeatability of measurements using both the plaster and digital methods was good to excellent, with the plaster measurements tending to be more reliable. There were statistically significant differences in the Bolton 12 and mandibular arch length and spacing measurements for all impression materials, with the plaster models tending to give a smaller measurement for the Bolton 12 and a higher measurement for the mandibular arch length and spacing. Although statistically significant differences in some measurements were found for the reliability and validity of digital models, none was clinically significant. Conclusions: The accuracy and reliability of the software for comprehensive cast analysis is clinically acceptable and reproducible when compared with traditional plaster study model analysis.

Psychopaths have long been characterized as having a remarkable disregard for the truth, to the extent that deceit is often regarded as a defining characteristic of the syndrome. Scholars described heightened concerns about how psychopaths’ deceitful and manipulative nature could significantly obstruct evaluations of psychopathy. The accurate evaluation of psychopathy is very important in forensic and correctional settings, and in such issues as risk assessment or dangerousness. Although the PCL-R is considered the quasi-gold standard when it comes to evaluating psychopathy, self-report measures have become more widely available and researched. Very few studies specifically evaluated response styles and self-report psychopathy measures despite the significant concerns regarding psychopathy and deception. The current study evaluated the ability of inmates with different levels of psychopathy to successfully engage in positive impression management on the SRP-4, LSRP, and PPI-R. Utilizing a repeated-measures, within-subjects design, 78 male inmates completed the study under genuine and simulation conditions. Overall, inmates were able to significantly lower their scores on all three self-report measures and achieved scores equivalent to and even lower than college and community samples. Inmates with higher levels of psychopathy were able to achieve larger decreases in scores on the PPI-R and on several scales for each measure. Another key finding was the identification of promising PPI-R Virtuous Responding Scale cut scores that can be utilized within forensic populations. Results indicate self-report measures should not be used to replace the PCL-R or comprehensive assessment of psychopathy in forensic evaluations; however, they do provide additional useful information and may be beneficial in other clinical settings.

I det samhälle vi idag lever i ses offentlighet som statussymbol och värdemätare vilket gjort att människor, för att lyckas, måste skapa personliga varumärken. Internet har förenklat skapandet och spridandet av dessa personliga varumärken eftersom det på sociala medier finns verktyg att använda för att skapa en publik personlighet. Den här uppsatsen handlar om hur skapandet av den publika personligheten gett upphov till ett nytt slags kändisskap med primärt fokus på det kändisskap som är sprunget ur arbetet med personliga YouTube-kanaler och marknadsföring i sociala medier. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka det kändisskap som kan uppstå genom användandet av personliga YouTube-kanaler utifrån tre frågeställningar vilka är vad karakteriserar YouTube-kändisskapet, hur framställer YouTubers sig själva samt hur ser relationen mellan YouTuber och följare ut. Genom observationer av två av Sveriges största YouTube-kanaler kan denna studie visa hur YouTube-profilerna skapat en publik personlighet för andra att konsumera och hur de använder sig av intrycksstyrning och självpresentation för att lyckas med det. Det visar sig också att den publika personligheten ska vara en äkta och autentisk bild av deras vanliga jag. YouTubers använder sig av intrycksstyrning för att uppfattas som vanliga människor som utan ansträngning fått en stor publik men i studien framgår också hur medveten marknadsföring är en del av kändisskapet. Vidare kan studien också visa hur YouTuberns relation till sina följare är viktig för kändisskapet i stort eftersom den utgör kändisskapets vara eller icke-vara. Slutligen har studien kunnat beskriva hur YouTubers genom sitt kändisskap uppnått unika livsmöjligheter tack vare sin offentlighet.