Datum: 2023-05-30  Nivå: Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi  Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet  Författare: Eric Parsmo, Filippa Larsson & Wilma Forssander  Titel: Effekten av influencer-marketing   Handledare: Rana Mostaghel   Nyckelord: Influencers, Influencer-marketing, Sociala medier, Generation Z, Förtroende, Klädbranschen, Impulsköp  Frågeställningar: - Vilka faktorer inom influencer-marketing spelar roll när det kommer till Generation Z konsumentbeteende inom klädbranschen i Sverige? - Vilka faktorer spelar en roll för Generation Z tillit gentemot influencer-marketing?  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka sambanden mellan utvalda variabler för att se vilka faktorer inom influencer-marketing som spelar roll när det kommer till Generation Z konsumentbeteendet inom klädbranschen i Sverige. Studien undersöker även tilliten mellan Generation Z och influencer-marketing. Arbetet kan vara till stor nytta för företag som snabbt vill kunna anpassa sina strategier efter behov, efterfrågan och pågående trender.  Metod: Kvantitativ metod, enkätundersökning, 197 respondenter  Slutsats: Studien visar att det finns flera faktorer som spelar roll inom influencer-marketing för Generation Z konsumentbeteende inom klädbranschen i Sverige. Faktorer med en betydande roll för Generation Z konsumentbeteende var sociala medier, rabattkoder och erbjudanden, transparens och ärlighet, samt tillit. Det påvisades även att faktorer som trovärdighet och genuinitet har en stor roll när det handlar om Generation Z tillit gentemot influencer-marketing. / Date: 2023-05-30  Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration   Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalens University  Authors: Eric Parsmo, Filippa Larsson, Wilma Forssander  Title:The Effect of influencer-marketing   Tutor: Rana Mostaghel  Keywords: Influencers, influencer-marketing, social media, Generation Z, trust, clothing industry, impulsive buying  Research questions: -Which factors in influencer marketing matter when it comes to Generation Z consumer behavior in the clothing industry in Sweden? -What factors play a role in Generation Z’s trust in influencer-marketing?  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between selected variables to see which factors in influencer marketing play a role in Generation Z consumer behavior in the clothing industry in Sweden. The study also examines the trust between Generation Z and influencer marketing. The work can be of great benefit to companies that want to quickly adapt their strategies to needs, demand and ongoing trends.  Method:Quantitative method, survey, 197 respondents  Conclusion: The study shows that there are several factors that matter in influencer- marketing for Generation Z consumer behavior within the fashion industry in Sweden. Factors significant for Generation Z consumer behavior were social media, discount codes, offers, transparency, honesty, and trust. It was also shown that factors such as credibility and genuineness have a big role when it comes to Generation Z’s trust in influencer-marketing.

This master thesis analyses the effect that online influencers have on the shopping behavior of Generation Y. Conclusions will be formed through examining qualitative research, gathered from a sample of Generation Y candidates living in the Czech Republic, in regard to how the candidates perceive influencers and their recommendations. Theories relating to the reliability of influencers, due to paid cooperation, will be studied to determine whether online users prefer classic forms of promotion. Generation Y was selected as there is evidence to suggest they are the last generation to grow up without online influencers present. The emphasis was mainly on their attitudes, opinions and real experiences. This master thesis will be divided into three areas; literature review, methodology and findings. The purpose of the literature review will be to evaluate existing theories and allow conclusions to be produced from the chosen research topic, electronic resources and professional articles were determined as reliable sources. The methodology explains the process of how the data was collected and analysed, primary research of qualitative data was collated via ten semi-structured interviews from carefully selected candidates. The findings section of this thesis will explain in detail the conclusions drawn...

Podcasts är ett relativt nytt fenomen i medievärlden och har skapat ett utrymme som bryggar gapet mellan konsument och varumärke. Medieformen skapar en nära relation mellan lyssnare och programledare till den utsträckningen att lyssnare kan se programledare som vänner eller bekanta. Genom teorier inom bland annat word of mouth, influencer marketing och parasociala interaktioner har tre hypoteser utformats för att undersöka om parasociala interaktioner och engagemang påverkar podcastmarknadsföring. Hypoteserna undersöktes genom korrelationsanalys, t-test och regressionsanalys med data från en enkätundersökning med 127 respondenter. Resultatet visar att parasociala interaktioner samt engagemang genom sociala medier och diskussioner positivt påverkar mottagande av marknadsföring inom podcasts. Engagemang genom sociala medier och diskussioner uppvisar ett positivt dubbelriktat samband till de sociala faktorerna av parasociala interaktioner. Däremot uppvisar inte lyssningsfrekvens och engagemang samband till mottagande av marknadsföring. Podcastmarknadsföring bör således framföras av en kompetent och socialt relaterbar programledare på ett personligt och konversationsliknande sätt.

In a society where digitalization thrives, opportunities for both conducting e-commerce and promoting it are enhanced. A common marketing strategy that has shown to be efficient is collaborating with Social Media Influencers. It is widely known that social media influencers can greatly help e-commerce companies get noticed. However, it has remained a problem figuring out what an appropriate influencer is for one’s business purposes and marketing objectives.  This study has gathered empirical data by conducting qualitative studies, including interviews with four e-commerce companies. The researchers followed a deductive approach in their investigation. The interviews have helped identify patterns related to the research questions and have generated new insights in the field. The research provides a deeper understanding of which parameters are suitable for specific purposes. Additionally, the thesis highlights the interconnections between these parameters to elaborate an overall understanding of the strategy. The potential risks associated with the strategy are also addressed. This thesis highlights why certain social media influencers are considered more suitable than others in the perspective of an e-commerce business.

The fast fashion industry’s rapid growth has transformed consumer behavior, driven by frequent trend changes and low prices. However, this has resulted in negative environmental and societal impacts, intensified by unsustainable consumption patterns. In response, this study examines the influence of social media influencer content on unsustainable consumption behaviors among Swedish Gen Z consumers, with a particular focus on fashion items. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between social media influencers, their content, and consumers’ consumption behaviors, addressing the research question: “How does social media influencer content shape unsustainable consumption behaviors for fashion items in Swedish Gen Z?” Using qualitative methods, including focus group discussions with a convenient sample, a systematic thematic analysis was conducted to gather comprehensive insights on the topic.  Findings indicate that influencers hold significant power in shaping trends and showcasing fashion alternatives, with genuine and authentic content perceived as more compelling. Consumers often compare themselves to influencers and peers on social media, leading to increased consumption driven by the desire for new and trendy items. Limited concerns for environmental and social sustainability are observed, with factors such as availability and price prioritized over sustainability considerations. Additionally, the fear of missing out on exclusive offers and discounts contributes to impulse buying behaviors, reducing decision-making time and detracting from considerations of need and sustainability. In conclusion, the study highlights the profound impact of social media influencer content on consumption behaviors among Swedish Gen Z consumers in the fashion industry.

This work titled Advertising impact of influencers as perceived by the young online users defines the term influencer in its theoretical part, offering several perspectives through which this phenomen can be viewed. For example, the number of followers on influencers' profiles, the interaction between these two sides, or the characteristic features of influential figures, such as their behaviour on the Internet. Furthermore, this work deals with influencer marketing, some types of collaboration between influencers and companies within social media, and the issue of tagging the sponsored commercial content. Also, one of the chapters summarizes some of the findings from several relevant studies, creating an initial insight into the topic. The research part of this work explores the issue as perceived by the young online users, using the research sample comprising 179 respondents in the range of 16-26 years old. The data collected through the electronic standardized questionnaire revealed, for example, that respondents require tagging sponsored posts on influencers' profiles, even though they trust these commercial posts less. Also, the pattern of behaviour hinting some verifying information before immediate tasting influencers' recommendations was indicated. The analyzed answers also point to the...

Swedish travelers’ consumption has increased in relation to better economic conditions and demographic changes. In 2017, domestic leisure travelers’ consumption increased and the reason for such a changed tourism industry which is due to a changed behavior among travelers. One major reason is that internet and social media has had a major impact on the tourism industry (TIllväxtverket, 2017). Social media has developed new marketing techniques such as Influencer Marketing (IM) and Viral Marketing. The purpose of this study is to find out how travelers are affected by IM when choosing a destination, as a basis for this research the writers created a web survey where the target group was Swedish travelers who like to travel, the survey was answered by 188 respondents. The writers used netnography to review ten influencers to build their own interpretation of the subject and the result suggests that influencers have a role as an information source (eWOM) but are not the decision-making source for travelers’ consumption.

This thesis examines how female consumers’ self-esteem may impact an influencer’s ability to create a purchase through suggesting and testing a developed conceptual model. The Source credibility model, Similarity and Tie-strength were utilized as underlying theoretical frameworks. Five different independent variables were identified; Source- Attractiveness, Trustworthiness, Expertise, Similarity, and Tie-strength, which were evaluated in relation to the dependent variable; Purchase intention. Lastly, Self-esteem was introduced as a moderating variable. The goal with the conceptual model was to gain a deeper understanding of how a consumer’s self-esteem may affect their purchasing behavior, as well as which factors that may influence their purchase intention. A quantitative research method was used, and ten hypotheses were developed from the conceptual model.    To test the hypotheses and answer the research questions, a questionnaire was distributed with the use of snowball sampling. Overall, 1029 Swedish females who followed an influencer on a social media participated in the survey. It was stated in the results and the analysis that all five independent variables had a significant positive relation on the consumer’s purchase intention. However, data shows that a consumer’s self-esteem solely had a relation on two of the five independent variables; Trustworthiness & Tie-strength. Trustworthiness was found to have a negative relation to the purchase intention, while Tie-strength was found to have a positive relation. A content analysis was conducted in order to identify other factors that the participants in the survey felt had a significant impact on why they followed their favorite influencer. The result of the content analysis identified two more factors that may impact the ability of an influencer to create a purchase. These were the Entertainment value and the Core values of the influencer.

Influencermarknadsföring ses idag som det mest effektiva sättet att nå kunder i deras vardag. Idag består företagets marknadsföringsbudgetar främst av influencer marknadsföringsaktiviteter. Företag söker influencers som kan kommunicera och förmedla företagets budskap via sina sociala medieplattformar till sina anhängare - företagens potentiella kunder. Följande studie syftar till att undersöka förhållandet mellan influencers och deras följare samt hur detta påverkar följarens förtroende till influencern. Detta kommer att ske genom att utvärdera följarnas uppfattning om influencerns ärlighet och äkthet samt vidare analysera hur det påverkar influencerns trovärdighet i sina samarbeten med ett varumärken. För att förstå hur influencers trovärdighet påverkas av deras val samarbeten, kommer relationen mellan influencers personal brand och företagets identitet att undersökas ytterligare. Detta kommer att för att förstå hur brand fit påverkar följarnas relation beträffande förtroende till influencern. Studien består av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer som syftar till att ge en djupare förståelse i ämnet. En kvantitativ digital undersökning har också gjorts för att ge läsaren en allmän förståelse för unga kvinnors relation med influencers på Instagram. Genom att analysera det empiriska materialet finner vi att ärlighet i influencers samarbeten kommer att generera följares tillit till influencern. Om influencern samarbetar med ett företag som inte överensstämmer med dennes personal brand, kommer följarnas förtroende till influencern att skadas och influencern uppfattas som oärlig och falsk. Detta kommer också att skada influencerns personal brand. Vidare finner vi att ett långt förhållandet mellan influencern och deras följare skapar ett stabilt förhållande gällande tillit, ärlighet och äkthet även i samarbeten. Det här är också fallet med ambassadörskap, där ett långt förhållande mellan en influencer och ett varumärke överensstämmer med varandra. Detta genererar i ökad trovärdighet från influencerns följare. / Influencer marketing is today seen to be the most effective way to reach customers in their everyday life. Today, companies marketing budgets consists mostly of influencer marketing activities. Companies are searching for influencers who can communicate and convey the companies message through their social media platforms to their followers - the companies potential customers. The following study aims to investigate the relationship between influencers and their followers and how this affects the followers trust towards the influencer. This will be done by evaluating followers perception of the influencers honesty and authenticity and further analyze how this affects the influencers trustworthiness in their collaborations with a brand. To understand how the influencers trustworthiness is affected by their choice of collaboration, the relationship between the influencers personal brand and the company's identity will be investigated further. This will be done to understand how brand fit affects the followers relationship in terms of trustworthiness. The study consists of qualitative semi structured interviews which aims to provide a depth to the survey. A quantitative digital survey has also been done to provide the reader with a general understanding of young women’s relationship with influencers on Instagram. By analyzing the empirical material we find that honesty in influencers collaborations will generate in followers trust towards the influencer. If the influencer collaborates with a company that is not in line with the influencers personal brand, the followers trust towards the influencer will be damaged and the influencer will be seen as dishonest and fake. This will also damage the influencers personal brand. Further, we find that long relationship between the influencer and their followers creates a more stable relationship in case of trust, honesty and authenticity even in the influencers collaborations. This is also the case of ambassadorship, where a long relationship between an influencer and a brand correspond with each other. This reflects in generated trustworthiness from the influencers followers.

This mixed method study set out to investigate how businesses in the fashion and apparel industry can optimize working with two types of influencers; micro-celebrities who rely on their personality to influence, and opinion leaders who rely on their expertise to influence. This was explored through three different research questions. The first research question was a quantitative look at influencers on Instagram, to see if there were any difference in effectiveness and spread between opinion leaders and micro-celebrities. The second and third research questions were a qualitative look through the eyes of influencer marketing experts with the goal of finding out how to maximize the effectiveness and spread of opinion leaders and micro-celebrities on Instagram. The quantitative results found no difference in effectiveness and spread between opinion leaders and micro-celebrities on Instagram. The qualitative results further found that industry experts do not make a distinction between influencers in the way proposed by the study. Instead they viewed each influencer as a unique personality, where the fit between influencer and brand as well as long-term relationships were key factors for success. Suggesting that the expert/personality dichotomy is secondary to well-established brand fit. Because of this, the research questions and purpose were revised to better match the results. The theoretical and practical application of this study is that a larger focus on building long-term relationships to create a win-win relationship for both influencer and brand is a requirement for success. This also requires a well-considered fit in a campaign involving an influencer, as it is important the image of the influencer matches the image of the brand. However, more research is needed to investigate the intricacies of working with relationship-building and fitting influencers to a brand. / Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur företag i mode- och klädindustrin kan optimera arbetet med två typer av influencers; mikrokändisar som förlitar sig på sin personlighet för att influera, och opinionsledare som är beroende av sin kompetens för att influera. Detta undersöktes genom tre olika forskningsfrågor. Den första forskningsfrågan var en kvantitativ undersökning om inflytande på Instagram för att se om det fanns någon skillnad i effektivitet och spridning mellan opinionsledare och mikrokändisar. Den andra och tredje forskningsfrågan var en kvalitativ blick utifrån influencer-marknadsföringsexperter med målet att ta reda på hur man kan maximera effektiviteten och spridningen av opinionsledare och mikrokändisar på Instagram. De kvantitativa resultaten fann ingen skillnad i varken effektivitet eller spridning mellan opinionsledare och mikrokändisar på Instagram. De kvalitativa resultaten visade att branschexperter inte skiljde mellan influencers på det sätt som studien föreslog. Istället betraktade de varje influencer som en unik personlighet, där matchningen mellan influencer och varumärke samt långsiktiga relationer var viktiga faktorer för framgång. Vilket tyder på att frågan om expertis eller personlighet är sekundär till en väletablerad matching. Detta stod i stark kontrast till tidigare forskning. På grund av detta har forskningsfrågorna och syftet reviderats för att bättre matcha resultaten. Framtida teoretisk och praktisk tillämpning av denna studie visar att ett större fokus på att bygga långsiktiga relationer för att skapa ett vinn-vinn-förhållande för både influencer och varumärke är ett krav för framgång. Detta kräver också en genomtänkt matchning eftersom när en influencer används för en kampanj är det viktigt att influencerns image matchar varumärkets image. Mer forskning behövs dock för att undersöka processen med att bygga relationer och matcha influencers till ett varumärke.