Denna studie har studerat och jämfört hur elever i språklig sårbarhet och undervisande lärare på gymnasiesärskolan och gymnasieskolan beskriver främjande faktorer för kunskapsutveckling i undervisningen. Studien använder en kvalitativ tolkande- och livsvärldsfenomenologisk ansats. För att besvara forskningsfrågorna har semistrukturerade intervjuer och observationer använts med två elever och två lärare från gymnasiesärskolan och två elever och två lärare från gymnasieskolan. Intervjuerna belyser informanternas beskrivningar av främjande faktorer för kunskapsutveckling i undervisningen. Resultaten visade att elevers och lärares erfarenheter av vad som utgör kunskapsutveckling i undervisningen både korrelerar och skiljer sig åt. Både elever och lärare värderade student-lärarrelationen som en viktig aspekt för elever att engagera sig och utvecklas mot kunskapsmålen. Lärare i gymnasiesärskolan värdesatte gruppens storlek för att kunna individanpassa undervisningen och stötta elever i språklig sårbarhet att utvecklas mot kunskapsmålen. I linje med en universell design för lärande, tenderade lärare på gymnasieskolan att organisera sin undervisning för att bli mer inkluderande. Resultatet visade också att lärarnas och elevernas berättelser på gymnasiesärskolan och gymnasieskolan visade olika perspektiv på inkludering i undervisningen. På gymnasiesärskolan blev det tydligt att en främjande faktor för kunskapsutveckling för elever i språklig sårbarhet var att eleverna differentierades, medan gymnasieskolans lärare och elever lyfte fram att undervisningen behövde differentieras för att stötta elever i språklig sårbarhet. / This study has examined and compared how students with language difficulties and their teachers in Swedish upper secondary special needs school and Swedish upper secondary school describe their learning development in the classroom. The study has used an interpretative- and lifeworld phenomenological approach.  To answer the research questions, semi structured interviews have been conducted with two students and two teachers from an upper secondary special needs school and two students and two teachers from an upper secondary school. The interviews have shed light on the informants’ experience of which factors promote learning development in the classroom.  The results show that students’ and teachers’ experiences of what constitutes learning development in the classroom both correlates and differ. Both students and teachers valued the student-teacher relationship as an important factor in students getting involved in instruction and reaching learning objectives. For the teachers in the special needs school group size played an important role in individualizing instruction. In line with universal design for learning, teachers in the upper secondary school tended to organize their instruction to be more inclusive. The results also presented two different perspectives on inclusive education to support learning development for students with language difficulties. In upper secondary needs school learning development is dependent on differentiation of the students, while learning development in upper secondary school depends on differentiation of instruction in the classroom.

This diploma thesis, "Institute or field services?", deals with the topic of social services for people with intellectual disabilities. It focuses on the analysis of various types of social services - field, outpatient and residential services - due to the specific needs of different clients with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the thesis is to determine the structure of clients in residential institutions for people with intellectual disabilities and to identify factors on which families choose to use specific social services and determine the views of stakeholders in the field of social services on the benefits and limits of those types of services for people with intellectual disabilities. The issue of social services is assessed through the theoretical concept of rights of people with intellectual disabilities and the concept of de-institutionalization of social services. As a research method the questionnaire was used for providers of residential services in the capital city of Prague and interviews with various stakeholders in the field of services for people with intellectual disabilities. The conclusion discusses the most important issues in the care of people with intellectual disabilities and specific recommendations for improving the issue.

The purpose of this literature study is to gain a deeper understanding of what the public authorities' attitudes towards parents with intellectual disabilities look like, how these parents experience these attitudes and how these attitudes exist. The study will be based on a qualitative literature study based on articles which presents interviews with people with intellectual disabilities and social workers at social services. This study is also based on articles made of quantative surveys. This strategy is done to get answers to the questions in a way where no socially vulnerable group is violated or exposed to a stressful situation. Because this group of people is considered socially, culturally and economically voulnerable. The result of this study is shown that the attitudes from public authorities towards parents with intellectual disabilities can vary. There are social workers that have stereotypical, judgemental thoughts and negative ways of speaking to these parents but there are also professionals that behave with tolerance and acceptance and with believing that these parents can be good parents with the help and service from the authorities that have the duty to help these families. This study has also shown that these attitudes sometimes come from the socio political view that these organizations are built by. For example the time limit, the policies and the organization's goals that the social workers have to follow. These factors have an effect in the investigation process and have also an effect in the assessment and decision making because it can make a life changing determination for parents with intellectual disabilities and their families.

Personer med intellektuella funktionsnedsättningar är en extra sårbar grupp i frågan om att utsättas för våld i nära relation. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka professionellas perspektiv och upplevelser i arbetet med våldsutsatta vuxna som också har en intellektuell funktionsnedsättning. Vi genomförde en kvalitativ studie där sex informanter från offentlig och ideell sektor, som alla har erfarenhet av stödjande arbete med målgruppen, intervjuades. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys och med stöd av empowerment-teori samt Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati. Detta resulterade i tre huvudteman: Behovet av synliggörande, Främjandet av ett gott stöd och Organisatoriska förutsättningar för arbetet. Dessa teman speglade behovet av att synliggöra och stärka målgruppen, att arbeta mer förebyggande och hur de professionella resonerar kring sin förmåga att erbjuda stöd och hjälp. Resultatet pekade även på behovet av mer samverkan mellan sektorer och hur organisatoriska skillnader kan påverka handlingsutrymmet för de professionella. Några viktiga slutsatser är att arbetet behöver bli mer individanpassat för att kunna möta de särskilda behoven hos personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning och att samhället som helhet behöver ta ett större ansvar för att nå ut till målgruppen och lyfta samt motverka deras ökade sårbarhet att utsättas för våld i nära relation. / Individuals with intellectual disabilities constitute an especially vulnerable and marginalised group concerning the risk of being exposed to domestic violence. This paper aims to examine the perspectives and experiences of professionals working with adults who are both victims of domestic violence and have an intellectual disability. We conducted a qualitative study in which six informants from the public and non-profit sectors, all with experience in providing support to this target group, were interviewed. The collected data were analysed using thematic analysis, supported by empowerment theory and Lipsky’s theory of street-level bureaucracy. This resulted in three main themes: The need for visibility, The promoting of competent support and Organizational working conditions. These themes reflected the need to raise awareness of and empower the target group, work more preventively, and how professionals reason about their ability to offer support. The findings also indicated the necessity for increased collaboration between sectors and highlighted how organizational differences can affect the discretion of professionals. Some key conclusions include the imperative for more individualized approaches to meet the specific needs of those with intellectual disabilities, and that society as a whole needs to take greater responsibility in reaching out to the target group. This involves raising awareness and counteracting their increased vulnerability to domestic violence.

No description available.

This study investigates the impact of national (Swedish) assessment support in mathematics on the education of younger students in compulsory school for pupils with intellectual disabilities. Using qualitative content analysis, it investigates the preliminary teacher’s guide for implementing the described evaluation activity in first-grade classrooms, analysing a 24-page empirical material. The assessment support material, aligned with the Swedish curriculum and course syllabus for mathematics, is crucial in highlighting the relevance of the assessed knowledge. Theoretical frameworks, including Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory and the participation model, were used to explore the complexity of assessment for pupils with intellectual disabilities and how student learning is influenced by various aspects of the system. The participation model was additionally used to study the possibilities for students’ participation. The results of this study indicate that teachers’ didactical approaches are crucial in both assessment and mathematics education. While student participation is considered in the assessment support material, further adaptations by teachers are needed. The study also indicates the potential of national assessment support to improve school developing work. / Studien syftar till att undersöka hur det nationella (svenska) bedömningsstödet i matematik påverkar matematikutbildningen för yngre elever i anpassad grundskola. Genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys av ett den preliminära lärarhandledningen för bedömningsstödet i matematik i årskurs ett, undersöktes ett empiriskt material av 24 sidor, vilket är förankrat i den svenska läroplanen och kursplanen för matematik. Bronfenbrenners ekologiska systemteori och delaktighetsmodellen användes som teoretiska ramverk. Ekologisk systemteori belyser komplexiteten i kunskapsbedömningen för elever med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning, samt för att illustrera hur elevens matematikutbildning påverkas av olika aspekter av systemet. Delaktighetsmodellen användes också för att lyfta fokus på elevernas delaktighet i bedömningsaktiviteten. Studiens resultat indikerar att lärares didaktiska förhållningssätt är avgörande både i bedömningsprocessen och i matematikutbildning. Trots att elevens delaktighet beaktas i bedömningsstödet, krävs det ytterligare anpassningar från lärare. Slutligen antyder studien att påverkan av det nationella bedömningsstödet i matematik kan möjligtvis bidra till att förbättra skolors systematiskt kvalitetsarbete.

No description available.

Text in English / The purpose of the study was to describe and explore the experiences of student nurses in caring for mental health users with profound intellectual disabilities in one of the care and rehabilitation centre at Gauteng province incorporating the Common Sense Model. Qualitative descriptive and explorative research was conducted to explore the experiences of student caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities and to recommend the best practices in caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities. Data collection was done using reflective diaries and in depth interviews. Twelve participants participated in the study. The study composed of student nurses (n=12) caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities. Five themes emerged from the study i.e. emotionally challenging, communication difficulties, lack of knowledge on the nature of intellectual disability, burden of care and mixed feelings. Findings of the study revealed that completing nurses find working with profound intellectual disabilities to be emotionally challenging and that negative experiences outweigh the positive experiences, resulting in their reluctance to want to work with profound intellectual disability users. It is therefore incumbent upon policy makers and hospital administrators to take cognisance of these negative feelings so that ways of minimising these frustrations and promoting the wellbeing of nurses caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities are promoted. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Text in English / The purpose of the study was to describe and explore the experiences of student nurses in caring for mental health users with profound intellectual disabilities in one of the care and rehabilitation centre at Gauteng province incorporating the Common Sense Model. Qualitative descriptive and explorative research was conducted to explore the experiences of student caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities and to recommend the best practices in caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities. Data collection was done using reflective diaries and in depth interviews. Twelve participants participated in the study. The study composed of student nurses (n=12) caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities. Five themes emerged from the study i.e. emotionally challenging, communication difficulties, lack of knowledge on the nature of intellectual disability, burden of care and mixed feelings. Findings of the study revealed that completing nurses find working with profound intellectual disabilities to be emotionally challenging and that negative experiences outweigh the positive experiences, resulting in their reluctance to want to work with profound intellectual disability users. It is therefore incumbent upon policy makers and hospital administrators to take cognisance of these negative feelings so that ways of minimising these frustrations and promoting the wellbeing of nurses caring for mental health care users with profound intellectual disabilities are promoted. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health Studies)

Manual signs are an augmentative and alternative communication mode which enables and facilitates communication for persons with impairments in speech, language and hearing. There are different ways of teaching signs to persons with intellectual disabilities. One of them is milieu teaching, which is a method where the teaching takes place in natural settings. This method has proven to give good results in generalization and maintenance. Teaching signs to staff in groups has been shown to be effective. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether sign intervention affected the number of signs and the number of different signs, used by two persons with Down’s syndrome and eleven staff on a day center. The study was carried out as a single-subject design. A sign intervention was conducted at the day center with the two participants with Down’s syndrome. They were educated individually with a procedure inspired by milieu teaching. When the intervention with the two participants was terminated, the staff was educated in a group format. The number of signs and the number of different signs used by the two participants with Down’s syndrome and the staff were registered. The sign intervention with the two participants led to an increased use of signs for one of them and the sign intervention with the staff led to an increased use of signs for the staff together with one of the participants. The main reason for why the sign intervention was effective for one of the two participants with Down’s syndrome and for one group of staff, but not for the other participant or the other group of staff, seems to be that the participants use of signs had an impact on each other. One of the participants with Down’s syndrome and one group of staff seems to have had a positive impact on each others use of signs. The intervention also seems to have been too short and therefore has not given effect for all of the participants.