This thesis has through a case study of the company Eriksberg Vilt & Natur AB investigated, using customer-oriented marketing theories, how their customers perceive sustainability. Subsequently, looking into promotion tools it has examined what implications the customers’ opinions give for the communication channels the company use. For the case study secondary data has been collected, a survey addressing Eriksberg’s customers has been conducted and a semi-structured interview has been performed with the CEO of the company. The results have shown that the opinions of Eriksberg and their customers in many ways are congruent and that customers perceive sustainability to be important, which Eriksberg do too, but also that many customers are not aware of the company’s work in sustainability. The conclusion is that Eriksberg should communicate information about their sustainability work using communication channels in which their customers have the ability to respond and react. / Denna uppsats har genom en fallstudie av företaget Eriksberg Vilt & Natur AB och genom att använda kundorienterade marknadsföringsteorier undersökt hur deras kunder uppfattar hållbarhet. Därefter har den genom att se till säljfrämjande marknadsföringsverktyg undersökt hur kundernas åsikter påverkar de marknadsföringskanaler företaget använder. För fallstudien har sekundärdata samlats in, en enkätundersökning riktad till Eriksbergs kunder har genomförts och en semistrukturerad intervju har gjorts med bolagets VD. Resultaten har visat att Eriksbergs och dess kunders åsikter i många fall är samstämmiga, att kunderna upplever hållbarhet som viktigt, vilket även Eriksberg gör, men också att många kunder inte känner till företagets hållbarhetsarbete. Slutsatsen är att Eriksberg bör kommunicera information om sitt hållbarhetsarbete till kunder genom kommunikationskanaler där kunderna kan svara och reagera.

<p>Citizens’ interaction with governments is an area with unique implications for channel management. Governments need to take the citizens perspective into further consideration in order to be successful in delivering high-quality e-services. This paper aims to determine if a categorization of citizen-initiated contacts from a citizen-centric perspective can be a valuable basis for decisions regarding e-service development. The study consisted of three steps. The first step was an examination of the existing related literature, which resulted in the uncovering of the most important aspects of citizens channel choice. The second step consisted of an elaboration of a classification based on perceived task characteristics and a subsequent matching of the categories to desirable channel characteristics. The third and final step consisted of an application of the proposed categorization on a content management system containing all citizen-initiated contacts in a Swedish municipality. The application indicated that the proposed categorization could possibly be used to guide investments in e-services towards a channel-appropriate direction.</p>

<p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong><p>The purpose of this paper is to investigate and clarify some of the factors that influence organizations to adopt or reject the social media, and if the emergence of social media influenced the organization's communication.</p><p><strong><p>Metohodology:</p></strong></p><p>A qualitative methodology has been used to execute the study. The source has been semi structured interviews with chosen representatives from several organizations.</p><p><strong><p>Theoretical perspective:</p></strong></p><p>The theoretical basis for the execution of the methodology is based on the provisional theoretical demarcation uses and gratifications theory. For analysis diffusion of innovations theory is applied.</p><p><strong><p>Emperical findings:</p></strong></p><p>The empirical material includes interviews with representatives from twelve selected organizations, defined as companies in the industry and authorities, in seven different industries.</p><p><strong><p>Conclusion:</p><p> </p></strong>The main factors affecting an adoption of social media is the organization’s open structure, the ability to see opportunities with social media and that they are seen as a natural part of development in the communications field. The main factors affecting a rejection of social media is ignorance, the organization's governance and that there must be a need that social media can fill. Neither users nor non-users believe that social media can replace traditional media. They are a complement to existing media, where the oral personal communication is superior to other forms.</p></p></p>

The purpose of this study is to analyze which communication strategies andinformation- and communication channels that Gällivare municipality should useunder the urban transformation to communicate with the citizens. The studyconcentrates on the age-groups 16 – 24, 25 – 44, 45 – 64 and people that are 65 yearsand older. This selection has been made as a segmentation of the citizens and is oneof the essay questions which refers to study the channels that each age-groups prefer.The study is a quantitative one and is based on a questionnaire survey directed to thecitizens and it’s 85 people who participated. The result of the survey have beenanalyzed with theories like Grunigs two-way symmetrical model, theories forcommunication in public sector and theories for the most common media channels asface-to-face communication and internet.The analysis shows that Gällivare municipality should use a communication strategythat is intended to surprise the citizens, becase the survey showed that there’s a fairlylow commitment for questions of the urban transformation. The strategy is alsouseful when the survey showed that the citizens believe that the promises in theinformation of Gällivare municipality aren’t kept, which could have resulted that theybecame passive and now they have to wake up from that state of mind. It also showsthat the age-group 16-24 years concider internet as a channel for information andsocial media as the most popular communication channel. Rest of the age-gropusprefer printed information. But the opinion for the communication channels differsbetween the group 25 – 44 years and the two others. The first mentioned considers emailas the channel they want to communicate with the municipality unlike the agegroups45 – 64 and 65 and older that prefers face-to-face communication.

Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to investigate and clarify some of the factors that influence organizations to adopt or reject the social media, and if the emergence of social media influenced the organization's communication. Metohodology: A qualitative methodology has been used to execute the study. The source has been semi structured interviews with chosen representatives from several organizations. Theoretical perspective: The theoretical basis for the execution of the methodology is based on the provisional theoretical demarcation uses and gratifications theory. For analysis diffusion of innovations theory is applied. Emperical findings: The empirical material includes interviews with representatives from twelve selected organizations, defined as companies in the industry and authorities, in seven different industries. Conclusion:   The main factors affecting an adoption of social media is the organization’s open structure, the ability to see opportunities with social media and that they are seen as a natural part of development in the communications field. The main factors affecting a rejection of social media is ignorance, the organization's governance and that there must be a need that social media can fill. Neither users nor non-users believe that social media can replace traditional media. They are a complement to existing media, where the oral personal communication is superior to other forms.

Rapportens studie kommer att behandla ämnet intern kommunikation i en organisation som ligger i framkant med tekniken. I dagens organisationer så är kommunikation och informationshantering A och O. Då individen besitter olika kunskaper och erfarenheter så kommer individen att tolka och tillämpa information olika. Därför har medarbetarnas tillämpning samt förståelse en viktig betydelse för att rätt information behandlas genom rätt kommunikationskanal och verktyg, så att rätt information hamnar hos rätt person och i rätt tid. Studien har genomförts på företaget OBOS Sverige AB inom avdelningen Säljstöd. En kvalitativ studie har tillämpats inom avdelningen där syftet att undersöka hur olika metaforiska perspektiv kan tillämpas för att analysera empirin. Studien är avgränsad att analysera medarbetarnas egna tolkning och tillämpning. Morgans maskinmetafor samt organismmetafor har tillämpats för att beskriva och analysera medarbetarnas flexibilitet och anpassning till nya kommunikationsverktyg för att därefter analysera den arbetsstruktur och rutinarbete som finns inom avdelningen säljstöd. Analysen riktar sig till informationshantering samt individens val av kommunikationsverktyg. Den kvalitativa undersökningen visade att tillämpningen av muntlig kommunikation var den primära kommunikationskanal som tillämpades för att säkerställa budskapets tolkning och mottagning enligt avsändarens syfte. E-post tillämpades för att bevara informationen dokumenterad inför framtida händelser. Däremot fanns det risker för misstolkning av budskap då informationen kan tolkas olika mellan olika individer. Flera av de kommunikationskanaler som tillämpades användes på olika sätt av olika användare. Detta grundade sig i de informations- och kommunikationsbrister som sedan tidigare funnits inom avdelningens arbetsstruktur och rutinarbete. Tillämpningen av metaforerna beskriver på ett grundläggande sätt hur och varför individerna arbetar som de gör. / The report's study will treat the subject of internal communication in an organization at the forefront of technology. In today's organizations, communication and information management are A and O. Because the individual has different knowledge and experiences, they will also interpret and apply information differently. Therefore, employee application and understanding is an important factor in ensuring that the right information is handled through appropriate communication channels and tools for getting the right information to the right person and at the right time. The study has been carried out at the company OBOS Sverige AB in the Sales Support department. A qualitative study has been applied to a department where the purpose is to investigate how different metaphorical perspectives can be used to analyze empiric. The study is limited to analyzing the employees' own interpretation and application. Gareth Morgan's machine metaphor and organometrics have been used to describe and analyze employee flexibility and adaptation to new communication tools to analyze the work structure and routine work in the sales support department. The analysis is aimed at information management and the individual's choice of communication tools. The qualitative survey showed that the application of oral communication face to face was the primary communication channel used to ensure that the message was received and interpreted according to the sender's purpose. E-mail was used to preserve the information documented for future events. There was a risk that the recipient misinterprets the message as the information can be interpreted differently between individuals. This is based on the information and communication shortcomings that existed within the department's work structure and routine work. The application of the metaphors describes in a fundamental way how and why individuals work as they do.

Citizens’ interaction with governments is an area with unique implications for channel management. Governments need to take the citizens perspective into further consideration in order to be successful in delivering high-quality e-services. This paper aims to determine if a categorization of citizen-initiated contacts from a citizen-centric perspective can be a valuable basis for decisions regarding e-service development. The study consisted of three steps. The first step was an examination of the existing related literature, which resulted in the uncovering of the most important aspects of citizens channel choice. The second step consisted of an elaboration of a classification based on perceived task characteristics and a subsequent matching of the categories to desirable channel characteristics. The third and final step consisted of an application of the proposed categorization on a content management system containing all citizen-initiated contacts in a Swedish municipality. The application indicated that the proposed categorization could possibly be used to guide investments in e-services towards a channel-appropriate direction.

The legitimacy of the European Union is being questioned, and this has put focus on the democratic deficit, as the main reason for the negative outcome of the referendum about implementing the last initiated treaties of the union. In this essay the credibility of the problem solving strategy through the communication policy of the commission is being put under the scope. The objective is to treat the credibility of the solution to the main problems of the EU as an important part of how the democratic, political system works and how it deals with taking care of its’ supporting and demanding channels of communication. The importance of a citizen platform to form common interests and a strictly European dialogue using media, common debates and several other possible ways to advocate this solution throughout the whole union is stressed here.

Syfte: Undersökningens syfte är att undersöka kommunikationen mellan entreprenör, byggledaren och projektör i ett anläggningsprojekt där en generalentreprenad genomförts. Kommunikation ses bristande mellan dessa aktörer i tidigare forskning vilket har bidragit till negativa aspekter i form av ekonomi och tid. Denna undersökning skall resultera i förbättringsförslag för att minska kommunikationsproblemen.Metod: Undersökningens problematik grundades genom en insamling av primär- och sekundärdata om kommunikationsproblem inom anläggningsprojekt och generalentreprenad. Den primära datan består utav semistrukturerade intervjuer och den sekundära utav tidigare forskning. Detta ligger till grund för att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar.Resultat: Undersökningen resulterar i att kommunikationsproblem mellan entreprenör och konsult finns och att problemen påverkar projekten negativt. Undersökningen fann även att andelen generalentreprenad minskar.Konsekvenser: Slutsatsen i undersökningen visar att genom en ökad möjlighet för tvåvägskommunikation bidrar detta till förbättrade kommunikationsmöjligheter mellan de deltagande aktörerna. Rekommendationer för att öka möjligheten är: Användning av videosamtal ger parterna en tvåvägskommunikation. Direktkontakt mellan entreprenör och projektör vid tekniska problem (generalentreprenad) ger effektivare tekniska lösningar samt minskar risken för feltolkningar. Mer vikt vid erfarenhetsåterföring till alla parter. Tillåta projektören att vara delaktig under hela produktions skedet ger möjlighet till bättre kommande handlingar. Begränsningar: Arbetet begränsas till kommunikation mellan entreprenör och konsult i en generalentreprenad. Intervjuerna begränsades till Pontarius AB och NCC Construction med hänsyn till arbetets tidsram. Undersökningen är generellt anpassad till andra företag inom branschen. / Purpose: The purpose of the survey is to investigate the communication between the contractor and the consultant in a construction project with general contract as a procurement form. Communication is lacking in previous research, which has contributed to negative aspects in terms of economics and time. This survey will result in improvement proposals to reduce communication problems.Method: The problem of the study was based on a literature study on communication problems in construction projects. The literature study has also been used to build the theoretical framework. Semi-structured interviews formed the basis for answering the questions in depth. In order to strengthen the interview response.Findings: The survey results in communication problems between the contractor and the consultant and the problems affect the projects negatively. The survey also found that the proportion of general contracts is decreasing.Implications: The conclusion of the survey is that through an increased opportunity for a two-way communication that contributes to improved communication opportunities between the participating players. Recommendations to increase the opportunity are: Use of video calls gives the parties a two way communication. Direct contact between contractor and consultant on technical issues (general contract) provides more efficient technical solutions and reduces the risk of misinterpretation. More importance in providing feedback to all parties. Allow the consultant (projector) to participate throughout the production phase allows for better upcoming actions. Limitations: The work is limited to communication between contractor and consultant in a general contract. Interviews were limited to Pontarius AB and NCC Construction with regard to the work time frame. The survey is generally adapted to other companies in the industry.

Vid varje nyanställning sker en introduktion för nyanställda, en så kallad onboarding. Onboardingprocessen är en viktig process som, om den genomförs korrekt, kan generera att nyanställda lättare förstår sin roll, får ökad motivation till dagligt arbete och känner en högre lojalitet till sina medarbetare. En effektiv onboardingprocess kan leda till en rad olika fördelar, bland annat ökad lönsamhet för företag. På grund av covid-19 har dessa processer behövts genomföras digitalt på distans. Denna studie undersöker fenomenet onboardingprocess och jämför den digitala onboardingprocessen med den fysiska onboardingprocessen. Syftet är att ta reda på vilka skillnader det finns i de två olika processerna och bidra med förståelse för vilka verktyg och kommunikationskanaler som med fördel kan användas. För att undersöka detta genomfördes sju semi-strukturerade intervjuer och en webbenkät. För att undersöka hur processen ser ut och struktureras upp genomfördes intervjuer med de som genomför onboardingen. För att vidare mäta uppfattningar från de som genomgår onboarding delades en webb-enkät. Insamlad data analyserades sedan med hjälp av en tematisk analys för den data som var kvalitativ och sambandsanalys för den data som var kvantitativ.  Resultatet visade att strukturen i de olika onboardingprocesserna inte skiljde sig mycket. Däremot upptäcktes det att flera delar, såsom organisationssocialisering, var svårare att uppnå i den digitala onboardingprocessen. Det visade sig även att både för digitala onboardingprocesser samt för fysiska onboardingprocesser är handledning i form av bland annat mentorskap ett önskvärt och positivt verktyg för nyanställda. Dessa delar resoneras kring i diskussionen där både fördelar och nackdelar tas upp om samma teman. Detta gav slutsatsen om att de största bristerna vid den digitala onboardingprocessen på distans låg vid bristande verktyg som inte lyckas generera tillräckligt bra socialisering och tillhörighet för nyanställda.  Med hjälp av teori och empiri ges förslag på hur företag kan tänka för att kunna förbättra deras onboardingprocesser. Det finns dock fler utvecklingsmöjligheter som tas upp i förslag till vidare forskning, där denna uppsats kan ligga som grund för undersökningsämnen. / At each new employment, there is an introduction for new employees, a so-called onboarding. The onboarding process is an important process which, if carried out correctly, can generate that new employees more easily understand their role, gain increased motivation for daily work and feel a higher loyalty to their employees. An efficient onboarding process can lead to a number of different benefits, including increased profitability for companies. Due to covid-19, these processes have had to be carried out digitally remotely. This study examines the phenomenon of the onboarding process and compares the digital onboarding process with the physical onboarding process. The purpose was to discover what differences there are in the two processes and contribute with an understanding of which tools and communication channels can be used to its advantage. To examine this, seven semi-structured interviews and an online survey were conducted. To investigate how the process is structured, interviews were conducted with those who carry out the onboarding. To further measure perceptions from those who undergo onboarding, a web survey was shared. Collected data were further analyzed using a thematic analysis and a correlation analysis.  The results showed that the structure of the different onboarding processes did not differ much. However, it was discovered that several elements, such as organizational socialization, were more difficult to achieve in the digital onboarding process. It also turned out that supervision in the form of mentorship is a desirable and positive tool for new employees, both for digital onboarding processes and for physical onboarding processes. These parts are discussed in the discussion where both advantages and disadvantages are addressed on the same themes. The conclusion of the study was that the biggest shortcomings of the digital onboarding process were the lack of tools that do not succeed in generating good enough socialization and a sense of belonging for new employees. With the help of theory and empirical data, suggestions are given on how companies can think in order to improve their onboarding processes. However, there are more development opportunities that are addressed in proposals for further research, where this thesis can be the basis for research topics.