En droit communautaire, les notions « souples », « élastiques », les « mots à sens multiples » ,dont le contenu est déterminé non pas par leur auteur mais par leur interprète, sont nombreux. <p>Parmi ces notions « floues », certaines, à la fois conceptuelles et fonctionnelles, sont intentionnellement indéterminées parce qu’elles permettent une mesure des comportements et des situations en termes de normalité et nécessitent, pour leur application aux cas d’espèce, des références exogènes au droit. C’est le cas, par exemple, des notions de « bon père de famille », de « bonnes mœurs », de « délai raisonnable », d’« abus de droit », de « confiance légitime », ou encore d’ « ordre public ». <p>Ce type particulier de notion indéterminée constitue un standard. <p>La question se pose de savoir si, et dans quelle mesure, les standards présentent des particularités dans l’ordre juridique de l’Union européenne, du point de vue de leur substance, c’est à dire de leur contenu, et du point de vue de leur fonction.<p>Il apparaît, d’abord, que la spécificité substantielle du standard n’est que partielle. <p>En effet, certains standards sont marqués par une forte coloration communautaire en ce qu’ils touchent au noyau dur de l’intégration communautaire et à la répartition des compétences au sein de cet ordre juridique (les notions de subsidiarité, de coopération loyale notamment). D’autres standards, en revanche, ont une substance proche de celle qui leur est attribuée dans les ordres juridiques nationaux ou internationaux, tout en étant adaptée à la logique de l’ordre communautaire (c’est le cas, par exemple, des notions de confiance légitime, de bonne administration, ou encore de procès équitable).<p>Il apparaît, ensuite, que la spécificité fonctionnelle du standard communautaire est manifeste. <p>Ce type de notion indéterminée joue, en effet, un rôle lié non seulement aux particularités du système juridictionnel de l’Union et à la contribution du juge à l’intégration européenne, mais aussi aux particularités structurelles de l’ordre juridique communautaire.<p><p> / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La rétroactivité étant un mode d’application d’une règle de droit dans le temps, il convient de se demander en premier lieu si le juge crée des règles de droit afin de savoir si la jurisprudence est rétroactive ou seulement déclarative. Pour répondre à cette interrogation, il a paru nécessaire de définir la règle de droit comme la règle ayant vocation à être utilisée par un juge pour trancher un litige. Puis, pour savoir si plus précisément le juge posait de telles règles de droit, il a été fait recours aux règles de reconnaissance de Hart, invitant à regarder l’attitude du législateur, du juge et du peuple pour voir si la jurisprudence était considérée comme source du droit. La réponse est affirmative en ce qui concerne celle de la Cour de cassation. Il devient alors nécessaire en deuxième lieu de s’interroger sur la cause de cette rétroactivité. La théorie naturaliste, soutenant que toute règle de droit est naturellement rétroactive, et la théorie mécaniste, expliquant la rétroactivité par la nécessité pour le juge d’appliquer la règle créée au litige qui lui est soumis, ont paru devoir être écartée. Le fondement de la rétroactivité serait la théorie de l’incorporation, dont l’application aux créations jurisprudentielles et aux changements d’interprétation serait justifiée par la prohibition des arrêts de règlement. Dès lors, et en troisième lieu, comment lutter contre l’insécurité juridique produite par la rétroactivité jurisprudentielle ? Deux solutions paraissent efficaces : soit permettre à la Cour de cassation de rendre des arrêts de règlement, soit introduire une sorte de référé législatif permettant à la Cour de cassation de demander au législateur de modifier la norme, plutôt que d’opérer un revirement rétroactif. Puisqu’il nous paraît opportun de conserver une complémentarité entre la loi et la jurisprudence, seule la création d’un référé-suggestion semble être une solution satisfaisante au problème de la rétroactivité de la jurisprudence. / As retroactivity constitutes an application process of the law in time, it is worth first asking whether a judge's rulings are considered as a rule of law whether such case law is retroactive or declarative. To answer this question, it seemed necessary to define the rule of law as the rule that is intended to be used by a judge to settle a dispute. Then, to check whether the judge do make such rules of law, the Hart recognition rules were applied, inviting us to look at the attitude of the legislator, the judge and of the people to see if case law was considered as a source of law. The answer is yes with respect to the French Supreme Court's case law (Cour de cassation). It then becomes necessary to question the cause of this retroactivity. The naturalistic theory, which provides that any rule of law is naturally retroactive; and the mechanistic theory which justifies retroactivity by the need for the judge to apply the rule created by its ruling to the dispute brought before him had to be excluded. The basis of retroactivity would be the incorporation theory, the application of which to case law as well as to changes in interpretation would be justified by the prohibition of regulatory judgements (arrêts de règlement). Therefore one may wonder how to avoid the legal uncertainty produced by the retroactivity of case law ? Two solutions seem to be effective: either to enable the French Supreme Court to make regulatory judgements, or to introduce a kind of legislative summary proceedings enabling the French Supreme Court to request from the legislator to amend the rule, instead of creating a retroactive overruling decision. As it seems appropriate to maintain the complementarity between statutory law and case law, the creation of a legislative summary proceeding appears to be the only satisfying solution to the case law retroactivity issue.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera remissutfallet gällande inhemska arrangemang i SOU 2018:91 (Rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang – ett nytt regelverk på skatteområdet). Med utgångspunkt i de inhemska arrangemangen, kommer begreppen rådgivare, rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang och den i utredningen presenterade rapporteringsavgiften beskrivas och analyseras utifrån proportionalitets- och legalitetsprincipen, dvs. balans mellan mål och medel samt krav på lagstöd och förutsebarhet. Uppsatsen bygger på synpunkter från följande remissinstanser, Föreningen auktoriserade revisorer, Näringslivets skattedelegation, Skatteverket, SRF konsulterna, Sveriges advokatsamfund. Frågan om inhemska arrangemang har ännu inte lett till någon lagstiftning. Metod: Uppsatsen bygger på en rättsdogmatisk- och en rättsanalytisk metod. Slutsats: Vår slutsats är att de i utredningen föreslagna rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang, begreppen rådgivare och rapporteringsavgift inte är helt förenliga med proportionalitets- och legalitetsprincipen. / Purpose: The purpose of the work is to analyze the outcome of the investigation, SOU 2018: 91 (Rapporteringspliktiga arrangemang – ett nytt regelverk på skatteområdet) regarding domestic arrangements. Based on the domestic arrangements, the concepts of advisers, reportable arrangements and the reporting charge presented in the investigation will be described and analyzed based on the principles of proportionality and legality. The work is based on views from the following consultation bodies, the Association of Authorized Public Accountants, the Business Tax Delegation, the Swedish Tax Agency, the SRF consultants, the Swedish Bar Association. The issue of domestic arrangements has not yet led to any legislation. Method: The work is based on a legal dogmatic- and a legal analytical method. Conclusion: Our conclusion is that the reportable arrangements, the concepts of advisers and reporting charge, are contrary to the principles of proportionality and legality.

L’arbitrage international d’investissement se voit de plus en plus confronté à des enjeux originellement hermétiques à l’arbitrage : la protection des droits de l’homme. En effet, le développement d’investissements ayant le monopole de certains services publics offense parfois les droits économiques et sociaux des populations des États hôtes. Si ces mêmes États tentent d’adopter des réglementations protectrices de ces droits, ils se voient opposer l’arbitrage d’investissement pour violations d’un traité bilatéral d’investissement. La jurisprudence en la matière est en pleine évolution, mais son étude permet de souligner d’importants problèmes de sécurité juridique dans les sentences arbitrales, ne permettant pas de garantir ces droits fondamentaux. L’accumulation de ces deux problématiques soulève alors la question de la protection de l’état de droit par l’arbitrage d’investissement, mettant à mal la légitimité de ce mécanisme alternatif de règlement des différends. / Initially outside of its scope of application, international investment arbitration is increasingly facing human rightsprotection issues. The development of investments dealing with public services has led to violations of socio-economic rights for host States’ populations. When States tried to adopt regulations toprotect those rights, they were brought to arbitration for breaching their Bilateral Investment Treaty obligations. The human rights case law in investment arbitration is developing and quickly evolving. Nevertheless, its analysis enables to highlight important legal certainty issues, rendering difficult the protection of economic, social,and cultural rights. Facing this, the legitimacy of the system is disputed and the protection of the rule of law by international investment arbitration is seriously challenged.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Lorena Peixoto Holanda Brumatti.pdf: 745135 bytes, checksum: 49f734af1d6cdb46b982cca7f1f79611 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-05 / This paper is intended to analyze the doctrine of the prospective overruling os the Courts decisions, focused on the principle of the legal certainty. We understand that the Brazilian legal system only has protection mechanisms in cases that there is change of understanding at the administrative or legislative level. However, there is not a way to avoid the changes of understanding in the judiciary level, what may lead to a legal instability in the behavior of citizens. That is because citizens base their behavior according to the positions of the pacified jurisprudence. But, if such positions change abruptly, there is no instrument to facilitate the people have their rights preserved, since the new decision, as a rule, has retroactive effect. In this scenario, we believe that the modulation of the effects of decisions might be used for such cases, so that there is the prospect of the effects of the judgment for all acts performed by citizens, especially in the taxation, preserving, the legal certainty which shall be given by the Government / Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o instituto da modulação dos efeitos das decisões dos Tribunais, voltando a atenção para a segurança jurídica dos cidadãos. Entendemos que o sistema jurídico brasileiro possui somente mecanismos de proteção nas hipóteses em que existe alteração de entendimento na esfera administrativa ou na esfera legislativa. No entanto, não há, atualmente, uma forma de se precaver das alterações de entendimentos do Poder Judiciário, o que pode acarretar uma situação de piora do estado dos jurisdicionados. Isto porque, os cidadãos pautam suas condutas de acordo com os posicionamentos pacificados na jurisprudência. Contudo, se tais posicionamentos são alterados de forma abrupta, a princípio não existe qualquer instrumento que possibilite que os jurisdicionados tenham seus direitos preservados, já que a nova decisão, em regra, possui efeitos retroativos. Neste cenário, entendemos que a modulação dos efeitos das decisões deve ser utilizada justamente nestas hipóteses, fazendo com que haja a prospecção dos efeitos do julgamento, para que todos os atos praticados pelos cidadãos, principalmente na esfera tributária, sejam preservados, garantindo-se, assim, a segurança jurídica que deve ser conferida pelo Poder Público

Dans l’Union européenne, la nécessité de mieux protéger les droits fondamentaux favorise la recherche d’un nouvel équilibre entre équité et efficacité procédurales. La thèse examine les incidences de ce phénomène en droit des aides d’État, qui se caractérise par sa technicité et sa sensibilité politique, puisqu’il confie à la Commission le droit exclusif d’autoriser ou d’interdire les aides que les États membres projettent de verser à certaines entreprises. Bien que celles-ci soient en principe reconnues comme des sujets de droit fondamental, le contrôle des aides d’État fait figure d’exception, puisqu’il n’offre quasi-aucune garantie procédurale lors de la phase administrative, apparaît souvent imprévisible aux entreprises et retient une norme de contrôle juridictionnel largement perfectible, tant en matière de légalité que d’exécution. Ce constat plaide pour une réforme, dont l’étude examine quelques pistes. / In the European Union, the need to better protect fundamental rights calls for research into finding a new balance between procedural fairness and efficiency. The thesis examines the impact of this phenomenon in State aid law which is characterized by its technical nature and its political sensitivity since it confers on the Commission the exclusive right to authorize or prohibit aids that Member States plan to grant to certain companies. Although these businesses are in principle recognized as legal persons in regards to fundamental rights, the State aid control is an exception since it offers almost no procedural guarantees during the administrative phase, often appears unpredictable to companies and maintains a standard of judicial control that could be considerably improved, both in terms of legality and enforcement. This observation argues for a reform that the study examines in the following lines of thought.

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-12T13:52:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raul Ciampolini Gutierrez.pdf: 1018182 bytes, checksum: 1b4b854b5cc42f2327b96e87901e13a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-12T13:52:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raul Ciampolini Gutierrez.pdf: 1018182 bytes, checksum: 1b4b854b5cc42f2327b96e87901e13a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / This work aims at analyzing the principle of legal certainty in disciplinary administrative proceedings, as set forth in Statue No. 8.112/90, the Statute of Civil Servants of the Federal Government. The legal certainty principle will be examined by observing how relative certainty and stability manifest when applying said principle, besides employing the concepts of knowability, reliability and calculability, and how the above mentioned principle reveals itself to be a prohibition mechanism on state arbitrary decisions. The concepts of unlawful acts and unlawful administrative acts will also be considered, as well as sanctions and administrative sanctions, which expose undesirable conducts and its legal consequences. Furthermore, the categories, phases and principles applicable to disciplinary administrative proceedings will also be explored. Lastly, the legal certainty principle applied in disciplinary sanctions will also be examined by means of the analysis of the types of unlawful conduct, how sanctions are applied, as well as the correlation between the types of unlawful conduct and sanctions / O presente trabalho objetiva a análise do princípio da segurança jurídica no processo administrativo disciplinar previsto na Lei nº 8.112/90, o Regime Jurídico dos Servidores Civis da União, das Autarquias e das Fundações Públicas Federais. Analisaremos o princípio da segurança jurídica, por meio de suas expressões da certeza relativa e estabilidade, além disso utilizando-se das ideias de cognoscibilidade, confiabilidade e calculabilidade, e como tal princípio revela-se um instrumento de vedação ao arbítrio estatal. Serão analisados os conceitos de ilícitos e ilícitos administrativos, bem como a sanção e sanção administrativa, que são o meio pelo qual se indicam as condutas indesejadas e sua respectiva consequência jurídica. Ademais, será visto o processo administrativo disciplinar, suas modalidades, fases e princípios aplicáveis e, por fim, a segurança jurídica na competência sancionadora disciplinar por meio da análise da tipificação dos ilícitos, fixação das sanções e a correlação entre os tipos e as sanções

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Cesar de Oliveira Marinho.pdf: 2034105 bytes, checksum: c5f56cb3c9fc76d86114ccc6a95d19e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work is a study regarding the limitation of the effects and particularly of the prospective effects of decisions issued by appellate courts that result in a change to a previous holding and, consequently, recognize a new or more burdensome legal tax relationship. It begins with the distinction between a legal rule and the text of the law (prescriptive statement), with the legal rule being considered to be the result of an interpretive process conducted by all those who have the necessary cognitive ability. For them, the judicial branch is the authentic interpreter the one with the last word regarding what the law is, regardless of and overriding other interpretive results. When the interpretive results are coincident (the same legal rule) or when the judicial branch states the meaning of the legal rule, there is an idealization of a stable nucleus of legal rules. That nucleus represents certainty in regard to the meaning that should be attributed to a given normative text, so as to produce foreseeability and stability, founded on a general state of legitimate expectations and acting as guidelines for taxpayers conduct. Working from these premises, on the basis of legal certainty, which is a fundamental element of a democratic state that intends to be subject to the rule of law, set upon the pillars of the principals of private property, liberty and equality and grounded on the application of the rules of non-retroactive enforcement and legality to legal rules (and not merely to legal texts), this work seeks to justify the necessary prospective limitation of the effects of a decision that establishes a new legal holding, which consequently eliminates a previously settled holding, in relation to which taxpayers acted based on the legitimate expectation that they were acting in accordance with that which the authentic interpreter of the law held to be correct / Este trabalho tem por objeto o estudo sobre a modulação dos efeitos especialmente a aplicação de efeitos prospectivos das decisões proferidas pelos tribunais superiores que impliquem alteração de entendimento anteriormente manifestado e, consequentemente, reconheçam uma nova ou mais onerosa relação jurídica tributária. Partiu-se da distinção entre norma jurídica e texto de lei (enunciado prescritivo), considerando ser a norma jurídica resultante de um processo interpretativo realizado por todos aqueles que disponham do mínimo de senso cognitivo. Estes têm no intérprete autêntico, no Poder Judiciário, a figura daquele que possui a última palavra sobre o que é o direito, independentemente dos demais resultados interpretativos e a estes se sobrepondo. Existindo coincidência nos resultados interpretativos (mesma norma jurídica), ou dizendo, o Poder Judiciário, qual o sentido da norma jurídica, há a idealização de um núcleo estável de normas jurídicas. Tal núcleo representa a certeza em relação ao sentido que deve ser atribuído a determinado texto normativo, de modo a gerar previsibilidade e estabilidade, fundadas num estado geral de confiança legítima e orientadoras das condutas dos contribuintes. A partir dessas premissas, com base na segurança jurídica, enquanto elemento fundamental do Estado Democrático que se pretenda ser de Direito, elevada sobre os pilares dos princípios da propriedade, da liberdade e da igualdade e com fundamento na aplicação das regras da irretroatividade e da legalidade às normas jurídicas (e não apenas aos textos legais), este trabalho intenta justificar a necessária modulação prospectiva dos efeitos da decisão que estabelece um novo entendimento jurisprudencial, afastando, consequentemente, entendimento anteriormente pacificado, em relação ao qual os contribuintes atuaram baseados na confiança legítima de que estavam agindo segundo aquilo que o intérprete autêntico entendia ser o correto

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Magno Linhares Moraes.pdf: 904489 bytes, checksum: fa1af1b5d6ab124bbe5ab9f801f41a40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-10 / This thesis aims to study the legal institute of Reclamação in two aspects, which should be seen as complimentary to obtain adequate legal certainty to a complex, pluralist and mutant society, namely, as a guarantee instrument of the authority of court decisons and their respective powers, and, on the other hand, as a legal means of promoting the necessary adjustments of paradigma decision to the case. For this purpose, the study of specialized doctrine, case law of our higher courts and the new civil procedure law was fundamental (Law n. 13.105 of 16 March 2015). Since the recognition of reclamação by the Supremo Tribunal Federal case law, as appropriate legal means to ensure the authority of its decisions, based on the theory of implied powers, it became clear that this institute, genuinely Brazilian, would have great utility in our country, deeply marked by cultural and economic contrasts. Court decisions, as legal rules, may give rise to plurality and interpretive inconsistencies. However, in the Democratic Rule of Law, legal certainty is a value of utmost importance. This certainty, in turn, should allow progress on a social reality that suffers daily influx of economic and political events. Therefore, the analysis of legal certainty in the light of systems theory. Also, it is important to highlight the impacts of the discipline of reclamação in the Brazilian legal system. With the possibility of all the country s courts settle legal arguments with binding power through procedural issues, the assumption of jurisdiction and resolution of repetitive demands, reclamação begins to have far-reaching. This new scenario approaches, in a way, our legal system to the world of the stare decisis theory of common law by privileging, now, respect for the determining reasons for the decision. Thus, through reclamação opens a new path to the desired stability, coherence and equality of law and adjudication / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal estudar o instituto jurídico da reclamação sob dois aspectos, que devem ser vistos como complementares para a obtenção de uma segurança jurídica adequada a uma sociedade complexa, pluralista e mutante, a saber: como instrumento de garantia da autoridade das decisões dos tribunais e de suas respectivas competências; e, por outro lado, como meio jurídico para promover os necessários ajustes da decisão paradigma ao caso concreto. Para tanto, foi fundamental o estudo da doutrina especializada, da jurisprudência dos nossos tribunais superiores e da nova legislação processual civil (Lei n. 13.105, de 16 de março de2015). Desde o reconhecimento da reclamação pela jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, como meio jurídico adequado a garantir a autoridade de suas decisões, com base na teoria dos poderes implícitos, ficou evidente que esse instituto, genuinamente brasileiro, teria grande utilidade em nosso país, marcado profundamente por contrastes culturais e econômicos. As decisões dos tribunais, como normas jurídicas, podem ensejar pluralidade e inconstâncias interpretativas. Todavia, no Estado Democrático de Direito a segurança jurídica é um valor de alta importância. Essa segurança, por sua vez, deve permitir avanços diante de uma realidade social que cotidianamente sofre influxo de eventos econômicos e políticos. Por isso, a análise da segurança jurídica à luz da teoria dos sistemas. Também é importante ressaltar os impactos do novo disciplinamento da reclamação no sistema processual brasileiro. Com a possibilidade de todos os tribunais do país fixarem teses jurídicas com poder vinculante, por meio de incidentes processuais da assunção de competência e da resolução de demandas repetitivas, a reclamação passa a ter largo alcance. Esse novo cenário aproxima, de certo modo, o nosso sistema jurídico do mundo dos precedentes do direito, do common law, ao privilegiar o respeito aos fundamentos determinantes da decisão. Assim, por meio da reclamação, abre-se um novo caminho para a desejada estabilidade, coerência e igualdade do direito na prestação jurisdicional

This project uses Michel Foucault’s underdeveloped notion of “tolerated illegality” as a departure point for two converging inquiries. The first analyzes, and then critiques, dominant legal logics and values. This part argues that traditional legal philosophers exhibit a “disagreement without difference,” generally concurring that legal certainty and predictability enhance agency. Subsequently, this section critiques “formal legal” logic by linking it to science envy (specifically the desire for certainty and predictability), and highlighting its agency- limiting effects (e.g. the violence of law en-force-ment). The second part examines multiple dimensions of tolerated illegality, exploring the permutations of this complex socio-legal phenomenon. Here the implications of tolerated illegality are mapped across different domains, ranging from the dispossession of Indigenous peoples of their lands, to the latent ideologies embedded in superhero shows. This section also examines the idea of liberal “tolerance,” as well as the themes of power, domination, politics, bureaucracy, and authority. Ultimately, this project demonstrates that it is illuminating to study legality and (tolerated) illegality in tandem because although analyses of “formal legality” provide helpful analytical texture, the polymorphous and entangled nature of tolerated illegality makes clear just how restricted and artificial strict analyses of legality can be. / Graduate