<p>Rasutost i postojanje malog broj podataka o doprinosu žena razvoju emancipacije u Boki Kotorskoj čini da se održava stereotipna slika o ženama kao pasivnim i gurnutim u privatnu sferu. Cilj istraživanja je prikupljanje, selekcija i klasifikacija podataka na jednom mjestu o institucijama obrazovanja za žene, udruženjima žena i doprinosu pojedinih žena emancipaciji i ravnopravnosti u Boki Kotorskoj tokom dva vijeka (1815-2015). U fokusu pažnje su identiteti žena u određenom vremenu i prostoru.<br />1. Hipoteza: U Boki Kotorskoj postoje mnogobrojni podaci o dostignućima žena, za period 1815-2015. rasuti po različitim izvorima i otuda nedovoljno dostupni javnosti.<br />Tri su metoda analize: metodu analize diskursa; intersekcionalnosti, metod životne priče.<br />Uzorak čine tri tipa empirijskog materijala: 1. Biografije pojedinačnih žena (ukupno 21); 2. Biografije udruženja žena (ukupno 6); Biografije &scaron;kola za žene (ukupno 5). Analiza biografija žena sadrži 6 komponenata identiteta (djetinjstvo, brak i porodica, profesionalni identitet, rodno senzitivni jezik (ROJ), devedesete godine 20.vijeka, članstvo u udruženjima).<br />Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su pojedinke, udruženja žena i &scaron;kole za žene, značajno doprinijele razvoju i emancipaciji ukupnog dru&scaron;tva u Boki Kotorskoj, o čemu u dru&scaron;tvenoj, obrazovnoj i akademskoj zajednici ima dovoljno podataka, a do sada neproučenih. Osnovni je rezultat da su žene tokom dva vijeka u prostoru Boke Kotorske oblikovale svoje indentitete shodno potrebama i na korist dru&scaron;tva, a preko različitih kreativnih akcija.<br />Zaključujem da će ovdje sistematizovani empirijski podaci poslužili za vrednovanje učinka žena tokom dva vijeka ne samo u prostoru Boke Kotorske. Zato se podaci mogu iskoristiti u nastavnom procesu u osnovnim i srednjim &scaron;kolama, posebno na interdisciplinarnim rodnim studijama na univerzitetima u Crnoj Gori i u regionu. Podaci su djelatni i za osnivanje Muzeja žena u Crnoj Gori.</p> / <p>It seems that dispersion and scarcity of information about women&rsquo;s contribution to emancipation in Boka Kotorska may support the stereotypical image of women being passive and moved to a private sphere. The aim of the research is to collect, select and classify the information about the institutions for education of women, women&rsquo;s associations and individual contributions of women to emancipation and equality in Boka Kotorska over the period of two centuries (1815-2015). Identities of women in certain time and space have been in focus of attention<br />Hypotesis 1: There is plenty of information about women&rsquo;s accomplishments in Boka Kotorska for the period between 1815 -2015, dispersed through various resources, hence insufficiently accessible to the public. Three methods of analysis are the method of discourse analysis; intersectional analysis and the method of life stories. The sample includes three types of empirical materials: 1. Biographies of individual women (21 in total); 2. Biographies of women&rsquo;s associations ( 6 in total); 3. Biographies of schools for women (5 in total). The analysis of women&rsquo;s biographies comprises 6 components of personal identity (childhood, marriage and family, professional identity, gender sensitive language (GSL), the decade of nineties in 20th century, membership in various associations). The results of the research show that the individuals, women&rsquo;s associations and schools for women, have considerably contributed to the overall emancipation of society in Boka Kotorska , but the evidence of the same has not been fully disclosed to the general intellectual and academic public. The crucial result is the one about women formatting their identities in accordance with the needs and benefits of society through various creative activities in Boka Kotorska in the period of two centuries. Herefor, I conclude that these systematized empirical data will be valuable for the evaluation of women&rsquo;s accomplishments in the period of two centuries in Boka Kotorska, but elsewhere too. All the pieces of information are relevant to be used in educational process at various levels, starting from the primary and secondary schools, and especially important for the interdisciplinary gender studies at the universities in Montenegro and in the region. It is possible to use them effectively in founding the Museum of Women in Montenegro.</p>

Diese Arbeit untersucht die Beziehungen zwischen Sprache und Persönlichkeit. Es ist die erste Studie, die die systematische Metaphernanalyse, welche auf dem von Lakoff & Johnson (2014) geprägten Metaphernbegriff gründet, als Tool zur Erfassung der Persönlichkeit vorschlägt. Drei Studierende erzählen im Rahmen narrativer Interviews ihre Lebensgeschichten, welche mithilfe der Metaphernanalyse ausgewertet werden. Im Sinne einer Methodentriangulation werden die Ergebnisse mit denen eines zuvor bearbeiteten Persönlichkeitstests, dem Big Five Inventory (BFI) verglichen. Der BFI erfasst die fünf grundlegenden Persönlichkeitseigenschaften Extraversion, Verträglichkeit, Gewissenhaftigkeit, Neurotizismus und Offenheit (Big Five). Zunächst konnten im Rahmen dieser Studie bisherige Annahmen bezüglich der Menge und Differenziertheit der Metaphernnutzung im Zusammenhang zu Persönlichkeitsaspekten bestätigt werden. So scheint eine verarmte metaphorische Sprache mit einer hohen Neurotizismus-Ausprägung einherzugehen, während sehr viele differenzierte metaphorische Konzepte auf eine hohe Offenheit und psychische Stabilität hinweisen. Weiterhin ist zu vermuten, dass das Auftreten von Konzepten zu bestimmten Themen den Aufmerksamkeitsfokus der Person wiedergibt und auch hier Schlussfolgerungen auf bestimmte Persönlichkeitsdimensionen zulässt. In einigen Fällen scheint aber eine nähere Analyse der einzelnen metaphorischen Konzepte vonnöten zu sein, um tatsächlich auf eine Eigenschaft rückschließen zu können. So spiegelt sich in den einzelnen metaphorischen Konzepten die Umgangsweise des Menschen mit sich selbst (z.B. auch mit psychischen Problemen), mit anderen und dem Leben insgesamt wider. Darüber hinaus scheint die Metaphernanalyse viele weitere As-pekte der Persönlichkeit offenzulegen, die der Persönlichkeitstest nicht erfassen kann. Während der Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen schnell ein grobes Bild über die Persönlichkeit zur Verfügung stellen kann, bildet die Metaphernanalyse individuelle Realitäten bzw. das kognitive Konstruktsystem eines Menschen ab. Die vorliegende Arbeit macht den ersten Schritt zur Anwendung der Metaphernanalyse für Zwecke der Persönlichkeitserfassung, an die zukünftige Untersuchungen anknüpfen können.:Abbildungsverzeichnis.......................................................................................... I Tabellenverzeichnis.............................................................................................. II Zusammenfassung............................................................................................... III Abstract................................................................................................................ IV Einleitung.............................................................................................................. 1 Ausgangslage.................................................................................................... 1 Vorgehensweise und Aufbau der Arbeit............................................................. 2 1 Theorie und Forschungsstand...................................................................... 3 1.1 Persönlichkeit................................................................................................ 3 1.1.1 Eigenschaftsorientierte Persönlichkeitstheorien.................................... 3 1.1.2 Kognitive bzw. konstruktivistische Persönlichkeitstheorien..................... 8 1.1.3 Die Psychologie der Lebensgeschichten............................................... 13 1.2 Sprache und Denken..................................................................................... 16 1.2.1 Modularer Ansatz................................................................................... 17 1.2.2 Holistischer Ansatz................................................................................. 18 1.2.3 Verständnis in dieser Arbeit................................................................... 18 1.2.4 Unterstützende Studie............................................................................ 18 1.3 Die Metapher.................................................................................................. 19 1.3.1 Die Kognitiv-linguistische Metapherntheorie nach Lakoff & Johnson..... 19 1.3.2 Metaphern individueller Realität............................................................. 24 1.3.3 Kritische Würdigung der kognitiv-linguistischen Metapherntheorie........ 26 1.4 Eigenschaftsorientierte und konstruktivistische Persönlichkeitstheorien im Vergleich.................................................................................................... 27 1.5 Forschungsstand: Sprache und Persönlichkeit.............................................. 29 1.5.1 Formal-analytische Untersuchungen von Sprache................................. 30 1.5.2 Inhaltsanalytische Untersuchungen von Sprache (LIWC)....................... 31 1.5.3 Kritische Überlegungen zum bisherigen Forschungsstand.................... 33 1.5.4 Weitere sprachanalytische Untersuchungen.......................................... 35 1.5.5 Metaphern und Persönlichkeit................................................................ 36 1.5.6 Metaphern des Psychischen (Vergleichshorizont).................................. 38 2 Methodisches Vorgehen................................................................................. 44 2.1 Fragestellung................................................................................................. 44 2.2 Forschungsdesign: Triangulation................................................................... 44 2.3 Stichprobenbeschreibung.............................................................................. 46 2.4 Erhebungsmethoden...................................................................................... 47 2.4.1 Persönlichkeitsfragebogen (BFI)............................................................ 47 2.4.2 Hinweise zur Auswertung der Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen (BFI)........ 49 2.4.3 Reflexion des Zugangs zum Feld und der Erhebungsmethode: BFI....... 50 2.5 Narratives Interview........................................................................................ 51 2.5.1 Ablauf und Indikation der Methode......................................................... 51 2.5.2 Reflexion der Erhebungsmethode: Narrative Interviews......................... 54 2.6 Auswertungsmethode systematische Metaphernanalyse............................... 55 2.6.1 Ablauf der Methode................................................................................ 55 2.6.2 Reflexion der Auswertungsmethode: Metaphernanalyse........................ 58 3 Ergebnisse und Diskussion............................................................................ 61 3.1 Struktur des Ergebnis- und Diskussionsteils.................................................. 62 3.2 Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse für Thea.................................... 63 3.2.1 Ergebnisse des BFI................................................................................ 63 3.2.2 Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse........................................................ 64 3.2.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse und Bezug zu Big Five................................................................................... 89 3.3 Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse für Jens..................................... 93 3.3.1 Ergebnisse des BFI................................................................................ 93 3.3.2 Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse........................................................ 94 3.3.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse und Bezug zu Big Five................................................................................. 108 3.4 Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse für Alice................................... 111 3.4.1 Ergebnisse des BFI.............................................................................. 111 3.4.2 Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse....................................................... 112 3.4.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse und Bezug zu Big Five................................................................................. 127 3.5 Vergleich und Diskussion............................................................................. 130 3.5.1 Vergleich der Ergebnisse des Persönlichkeitstestes (BFI)................... 130 3.5.2 Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse................................. 130 3.5.3 Einbettung in den Forschungsstand zu Metaphern und Persönlichkeit.134 3.5.4 Einbettung in den Forschungsstand zu Sprache und Persönlichkeit.... 136 3.5.5 Reflexion und Vergleich der Methoden zur Persönlichkeitserfassung.. 139 3.6 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse (mögliche Beziehungen zwischen den Aussagen der Metaphernanalyse und des BFI)........................................... 142 3.7 Gütekriterien................................................................................................ 144 Fazit und Ausblick................................................................................................ 146 Literaturverzeichnis.............................................................................................. 148 Eidesstattliche Erklärung...................................................................................... 152 Anhang: Online-Fragebogen (BFI)....................................................................... 153 / This study examines the relation between speech and personality. It is the first one that proposes the systematic metaphor analysis, based on the metaphor definition by Lakoff and Johnson (2014) as a tool to assess personality. Three students tell their life stories as part of narrative interviews, which are evaluated with the aid of the metaphor analysis. In terms of a method triangulation the findings are compared to the results of a personality test, the big five inventory (BFI). The BFI assesses the five fundamental personality traits extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness (big five). Initially, previous hypotheses concerning the amount and differentiation of using metaphors linked to personality aspects could be confirmed as part of this study. A weak metaphorical language seems to be associated with a high score in neuroticism while a lot of differentiate metaphorical concepts indicate high openness and emotional stability. Furthermore it is to assume that the appearance of concepts to certain topics reflects the focus of attention of a person so that deductions to certain personality traits become possible. In some cases a closer analysis of the specific concepts seems to be necessary to deduce to a certain personality trait. In the specific metaphorical concepts you can see the contact of a person with himself (i.e. with mental problems), with others and with life in general. Beyond that, the metaphor analysis seems to reveal many other aspects of personality, which the personality test cannot record. While self-evaluation questionnaires can provide a quick rough view of personality, the meta-phor analysis reproduces individual realities or rather the cognitive construct system of a person. The present study makes the first step applying the metaphor analysis for the purposes of personality measurement that future research can build on.:Abbildungsverzeichnis.......................................................................................... I Tabellenverzeichnis.............................................................................................. II Zusammenfassung............................................................................................... III Abstract................................................................................................................ IV Einleitung.............................................................................................................. 1 Ausgangslage.................................................................................................... 1 Vorgehensweise und Aufbau der Arbeit............................................................. 2 1 Theorie und Forschungsstand...................................................................... 3 1.1 Persönlichkeit................................................................................................ 3 1.1.1 Eigenschaftsorientierte Persönlichkeitstheorien.................................... 3 1.1.2 Kognitive bzw. konstruktivistische Persönlichkeitstheorien..................... 8 1.1.3 Die Psychologie der Lebensgeschichten............................................... 13 1.2 Sprache und Denken..................................................................................... 16 1.2.1 Modularer Ansatz................................................................................... 17 1.2.2 Holistischer Ansatz................................................................................. 18 1.2.3 Verständnis in dieser Arbeit................................................................... 18 1.2.4 Unterstützende Studie............................................................................ 18 1.3 Die Metapher.................................................................................................. 19 1.3.1 Die Kognitiv-linguistische Metapherntheorie nach Lakoff & Johnson..... 19 1.3.2 Metaphern individueller Realität............................................................. 24 1.3.3 Kritische Würdigung der kognitiv-linguistischen Metapherntheorie........ 26 1.4 Eigenschaftsorientierte und konstruktivistische Persönlichkeitstheorien im Vergleich.................................................................................................... 27 1.5 Forschungsstand: Sprache und Persönlichkeit.............................................. 29 1.5.1 Formal-analytische Untersuchungen von Sprache................................. 30 1.5.2 Inhaltsanalytische Untersuchungen von Sprache (LIWC)....................... 31 1.5.3 Kritische Überlegungen zum bisherigen Forschungsstand.................... 33 1.5.4 Weitere sprachanalytische Untersuchungen.......................................... 35 1.5.5 Metaphern und Persönlichkeit................................................................ 36 1.5.6 Metaphern des Psychischen (Vergleichshorizont).................................. 38 2 Methodisches Vorgehen................................................................................. 44 2.1 Fragestellung................................................................................................. 44 2.2 Forschungsdesign: Triangulation................................................................... 44 2.3 Stichprobenbeschreibung.............................................................................. 46 2.4 Erhebungsmethoden...................................................................................... 47 2.4.1 Persönlichkeitsfragebogen (BFI)............................................................ 47 2.4.2 Hinweise zur Auswertung der Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen (BFI)........ 49 2.4.3 Reflexion des Zugangs zum Feld und der Erhebungsmethode: BFI....... 50 2.5 Narratives Interview........................................................................................ 51 2.5.1 Ablauf und Indikation der Methode......................................................... 51 2.5.2 Reflexion der Erhebungsmethode: Narrative Interviews......................... 54 2.6 Auswertungsmethode systematische Metaphernanalyse............................... 55 2.6.1 Ablauf der Methode................................................................................ 55 2.6.2 Reflexion der Auswertungsmethode: Metaphernanalyse........................ 58 3 Ergebnisse und Diskussion............................................................................ 61 3.1 Struktur des Ergebnis- und Diskussionsteils.................................................. 62 3.2 Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse für Thea.................................... 63 3.2.1 Ergebnisse des BFI................................................................................ 63 3.2.2 Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse........................................................ 64 3.2.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse und Bezug zu Big Five................................................................................... 89 3.3 Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse für Jens..................................... 93 3.3.1 Ergebnisse des BFI................................................................................ 93 3.3.2 Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse........................................................ 94 3.3.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse und Bezug zu Big Five................................................................................. 108 3.4 Darstellung und Diskussion der Ergebnisse für Alice................................... 111 3.4.1 Ergebnisse des BFI.............................................................................. 111 3.4.2 Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse....................................................... 112 3.4.3 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse und Bezug zu Big Five................................................................................. 127 3.5 Vergleich und Diskussion............................................................................. 130 3.5.1 Vergleich der Ergebnisse des Persönlichkeitstestes (BFI)................... 130 3.5.2 Vergleich der Ergebnisse der Metaphernanalyse................................. 130 3.5.3 Einbettung in den Forschungsstand zu Metaphern und Persönlichkeit.134 3.5.4 Einbettung in den Forschungsstand zu Sprache und Persönlichkeit.... 136 3.5.5 Reflexion und Vergleich der Methoden zur Persönlichkeitserfassung.. 139 3.6 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse (mögliche Beziehungen zwischen den Aussagen der Metaphernanalyse und des BFI)........................................... 142 3.7 Gütekriterien................................................................................................ 144 Fazit und Ausblick................................................................................................ 146 Literaturverzeichnis.............................................................................................. 148 Eidesstattliche Erklärung...................................................................................... 152 Anhang: Online-Fragebogen (BFI)....................................................................... 153

La retraite est souvent pensée à deux, et l’absence d’un conjoint comme support est souvent rapportée dans la littérature existante comme une entrave à l’adaptation positive à la transition à la retraite. Ce mémoire s’intéresse au vécu de la transition à la retraite des femmes sans conjoint, alors que la réalité de celles-ci n’est pas explorée, à notre connaissance, dans le contexte québécois actuel. Il a trois objectifs : décrire comment celles-ci vivent les impacts du départ à la retraite, identifier les facteurs qui jouent un rôle dans le vécu de cette transition, et enfin comprendre comment se réalisent leurs (re)constructions identitaires à l’arrivée de la retraite, sachant que l’identité se reconstruit tout au long du parcours de vie. C’est par le biais du récit de vie que nous cernons ces changements, mis en lumière par les trajectoires professionnelles et amoureuses de dix femmes retraitées rencontrées dans le cadre de cette étude. Malgré l’importance accordée dans la littérature au support du partenaire lors du départ à la retraite, nos résultats soulignent que ne pas être en couple n’est pas, pour la majorité, une source de difficulté lors de cette transition. À l’inverse, plusieurs femmes se considèrent heureuses lors de leur transition et dans leur quotidien en l’absence d’un conjoint. Nous constatons également un sentiment de fierté chez les participantes, sous-tendu par le fait que celles-ci se considèrent comme des femmes autonomes, capables de subvenir à leurs besoins par elles-mêmes. Il ressort finalement qu’au-delà de ce sentiment d’accomplissement, et bien que le désir de la présence d’un conjoint éventuel ne soit pas complètement écarté, ces femmes perçoivent de manière très positive cette transition sans le soutien d’un partenaire. Elles soulèvent que l’organisation de leur quotidien peut alors s’effectuer sans devoir négocier, faire des compromis ou des sacrifices, leur retraite et leur bien-être n’appartenant qu’à elles-mêmes. / Retirement is often thought of in terms of couplehood, and the absence of a spouse as a source of support is often described in the existing literature as an obstacle to a positive adjustment to the transition to retirement. This dissertation examines the experience of the transition to retirement of women without a partner, as their reality is not explored, to our knowledge, in the current Quebec context. It has three objectives: to describe how they experience the impacts of retirement, to identify the factors that play a role in the experience of this transition, and finally it aims to understand how the (re)construction of their identities is realized during their transition to retirement, knowing that our identity reconstructs throughout the life course. It is through life stories that we were able to identify these changes, more specifically through the professional and romantic trajectories of ten retired women we interviewed in this study. Despite the importance highlighted in literature that partners are an important source of support during the transition to retirement, our results emphasize that not having a partner is not, for the majority, a source of difficulty during this transition or on a daily basis. On the contrary, many women consider themselves happy with their transitions and in their daily lives in the absence of a spouse. We also note a feeling of pride amongst the participants, enabled by the fact that they consider themselves as independent, and capable of supporting themselves. Beyond this feeling of accomplishment, and despite the wish of some to engage in a potential future relationship, these women perceive very positively their transition to retirement. In the absence of a spouse, the organization of their daily lives can then be carried out without having to negotiate, make compromises or sacrifices, their plans for retirement and their well-being belonging only to themselves.

No description available.

The immigration of Brazilian-Japanese to Japan has started as recently as the early 1980s as a result of an economic downturn in Brazil and labor shortages in Japan. In a recent study published by the Ministry of Justice in Japan, there are about 250,000 Brazilians currently working throughout Japan. Even though most of the Brazilians are second or third generation of Japanese descent, they are not fluent in Japanese, thus resulting in many cultural problems and misunderstandings. Some research has examined about the immigration of Brazilians (nikkeijin) to Japan, but none has investigated their acquisition of Japanese as a second language. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that motivate or unmotivate the nikkeijin in Japan to learn Japanese as a second language (JSL). This qualitative study shows the life experiences of four nikkeijin who arrived in Japan at different ages (8, 18, 25 and 42 years old). It is a very richly descriptive study about the experiences of nikkeijin learning JSL. Through interviews conducted over the Internet using Online Messenger and phone conversations, the researcher gathered information and data about their real life experiences learning the language and adapting to Japanese culture. The results of this study show how positive and negative life experiences of nikkeijin in Japan can affect their motivation to learn or improve their Japanese language skills. The age of arrival and the place of residence in Japan are also important factors that influence their experiences in Japan.

Det här examensarbetet har som syfte att se om elevers minnen om sina erfarenheter av och uppfattningar om matematikundervisningen går att koppla med de olika att koppla till de valda lärandeteorierna: en sociokulturell-, en kognitivistisk och en behavioristisk lärandeteori. Syftet var också att utifrån elevers berättelser om matematikundervisning uttolka positiva och negativa ståndpunkter i relation till matematikämnet och matematikundervisning. Frågeställningarna som ställdes i undersökningen var: - Hur har elevers minnen om sina erfarenheter av matematik bidragit till deras nuvarande uppfattningar om matematikämnet? - Hur kan elevers minnen av sina erfarenheter förklaras enligt valda lärandeteorier? För att erhålla empiri inom undersökningen genomfördes fem individuella intervjuer med elever i årskurs 8. Resultatet presenteras i form av olika profiler för eleverna framskrivna som livsberättelser. Av resultatet framkom det att negativa uppfattningar om ämnet ofta grundade sig i att eleven inte förstod hur en uppgift skulle lösas, och att det då låste sig. De som upplevde matematikämnet negativt beskrev även en jobbig känsla av att det är lätt att jämföra sina egna resultat och sin kunskapsnivå med andra elever, eftersom det inom matematikämnet ofta tydligt återfinns ett rätt svar. Eleverna uttrycker att detta utmärker matematikämnet jämfört med många andra ämnen. Resultatet visade även att den främsta anledningen till att eleverna utvecklat en positiv uppfattning om ämnet är att de har levt med känslan att de klarar av att lösa uppgifter utan problem. Av resultatet framkom det också att de teman som återfanns i elevernas livsberättelser gick att relatera till- och uttolka genom fler än en lärandeteori, vilket kan tyda på att olika teorier kan förklara en bra inlärning, hur det utvecklas positiva känslor till ett ämne. De kan också förklara när det inte sker tillräckligt lärande vilket kan skapa kunskapsluckor och utveckling av negativa känslor till ämnet. / The purpose of this thesis is to find out how students´ memories about their experiences of mathematics teaching influence their perception of mathematics as subject and mathematics teaching, and if these perceptions can be connected to the chosen learning theories: a socio-cultural, a cognitive and a behavioral learning theory. Another aim of this report is to describe positive and negative positions in relation to the mathematics as subject and mathematics teaching based on students' stories about mathematics teaching. The research issues for this study are: - How have students´ memories of their experiences contributed to their current perceptions of mathematics as subject? - How can students´ memories of their experiences in mathematics be explained according to selected learning theories? To obtain empirical data within the study, five individual interviews were conducted with students in 8th grade in a school outside Stockholm. The result is presented in different profiles for the students projected as life stories. The result shows that negative perceptions about the subject were often based on the fact that they did not understand how a task would be solved, and they therefore got stuck. Those who experienced the subject of mathematics negatively experienced that it was That it is easier to compare results and knowledge within mathematics than other subjects, as there often are only one correct answer. The result also shows that the main reason why the students developed a positive opinion in relation to the subject is that they have lived with the feeling that they are able to solve tasks without problems. The result also shows that the themes that could be distinguished life stories told by the students were relatable and able to interpret through more than one learning theory. Which may indicate that different theories can explain a good learning and how positive emotions develop to a topic and explain when there is not enough learning which can create knowledge gaps and the development of negative emotions on the subject.

This autoethnographic study qualitatively explores a trainee's journey towards becoming a clinical psychologist in South Africa. Both the formal and informal processes for becoming a psychotherapist are explored. The formal processes governing the training and registration of a clinical psychologist in South Africa are outlined. A critical appraisal of the training program is covered. The informal processes of the journey of this trainee psychologist is contextualised within the life story of that same person. In so doing a seventeen-year long struggle and academic relationship with UNISA is highlighted, including the insatiable desire and life long dream of the writer in wanting to become a psychologist. An autoethnographic study was done by using the researcher as the only research subject. The personal writings of the researcher and her family serve as the primary data for the study. An autoethnographic approach was employed in creating and collecting the data. The stories are presented in narrative form, and the data are analysed by employing narrative analysis for extracting and highlighting initial and inferred themes. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

La présente étude a pour objectif de comprendre l’expérience d’itinérance des femmes inuit du Nunavik installées à Montréal dans les trois phases de leurs trajectoires, soit le prédéplacement, le déplacement et le postdéplacement. Le cadre d’analyse privilégié est celui de l’approche intersectionnelle, car il invite à reconnaître la pluralité des composantes identitaires qui s’entrecroisent de façon unique dans l’expérience personnelle et collective, et amènent les femmes à cumuler les sources de vulnérabilité. Cette approche privilégie l’étude du point de vue des femmes marginalisées en leur laissant la parole, ce qui a été fait grâce à la méthode des récits de vie. L’échantillon a été construit sur la base de deux groupes afin d’explorer l’expérience d’itinérance incluant la sortie : cinq participantes étaient itinérantes et six autres se disaient sorties de la rue au moment des entretiens. Cette recherche a été développée en collaboration avec une interprète culturelle et linguistique. Les données proviennent d’observations, d’une informatrice-clé et de vingt-et-une entrevues. Dix des onze participantes ont été rencontrées à deux reprises. Après une première entrevue non directive, le récit de vie de chacune a fait l’objet d’une analyse thématique et a été recomposé sous forme de trajectoire résumée graphiquement. La seconde entrevue démarrait par la présentation de cette trajectoire résumée pour inviter les femmes à participer à une validation des données en plus d’enrichir leur récit. Les résultats confirment certains résultats d’études tout en apportant des éléments nouveaux. Par exemple, le handicap, conjugué au genre, expose particulièrement les femmes inuit à la violence communautaire et interpersonnelle au Nunavik. Les commérages, perçus comme abusifs et oppressants par les femmes, font partie d’une intense violence communautaire au Nord et motivent le déplacement de celles-ci vers Montréal. Avec la récente sédentarisation, la vie en grande proximité exacerbe l’importance des commérages. Quant à la sortie de rue, elle est particulière aux femmes inuit : le copain détient un pouvoir d’inflexion de leurs trajectoires d’itinérance. Les femmes conçoivent le copain comme une clé culturelle leur donnant accès au système de logement puisqu’il connaît les rouages culturels et structurels de la vie à Montréal. / This study aims to understand the homelessness experience of Inuit women native to Nunavik who are living in Montreal in the three stages of their trajectories: pre-displacement, displacement and post-displacement. An intersectional approach was chosen as the appropriate analytical framework because it allows the recognition of the plurality of the components of these women’s identities, which intersect in a unique way throughout their personal and collective experiences, and cause them to cumulate sources of vulnerability. This approach favours the study from the point of view of the marginalized women by giving them a voice, which has been made possible here with the life history method. The sample was composed of two groups in order to explore the experience in and out of homelessness, as five participants were homeless and six others claimed to have gotten off the streets at the time of the interviews. This research was done with the help of a linguistic and cultural interpreter. The data sources were: observations, a key informant and twenty one interviews. Ten of the eleven participants were interviewed twice. After a first non-directive interview, a thematic analysis of each participant’s life story was conducted and their stories were recomposed graphically in order to form summarized trajectories. The second interview started off with the presentation of each individual’s summarized trajectory so that these women may validate the data and enhance each of their stories. The results of this study confirm the results of previous ones, while also adding new elements. For example, the handicap conjugated to gender particularly exposes Inuit women to community violence and interpersonal violence in Nunavik. Perceived as abusive and oppressing to women, gossip is an element of the intense community violence in the North and motivates them to move to Montreal. With the recent adoption of a sedentary lifestyle, living in closeness exacerbates the intensity of this gossip. The getting off the streets is particular for Inuit women: the boyfriend holds the inflexion power on their homelessness trajectories. Women think of their boyfriend as a cultural key that gives them access to the housing system because he knows the cultural and structural mechanisms of Montreal’s life. / ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᕌᒐᖃᕐᑐᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᐅᓱᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥᐅᔭᓂᒃ ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᔪᓂᒃ ᒪᓐᑐᕆᐊᓪᒥ ᐱᖓᓱᐃᓕᕿᖓᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᖁᓯᓂᖏᓐᓂ ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᓚᐅᕋᓂ ᓇᓃᓐᓂᕕᓂᖓ, ᐊᐅᓪᓚᓂᕕᓂᖓ ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᓕᕐᓂᖓᓗ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᐃᓄᑦ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᑦᓯᐊᕈᑎᐅᒐᓱᐊᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᓃᑦᓱᓂᓗ ᓱᒧᓪᓗ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᕐᑐᒦᑎᒻᒪᖔᑕ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᒃ ᓂᐱᖃᕐᑎᓯᔪᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᑦᓯᐊᕈᑎᐅᒍᓐᓇᑐᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᖏᒍᑦ ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒥᓂ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᐅᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒪᕐᕈᐃᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᒐᓱᐊᕈᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᓱᑎᒃ ᖃᓄᐃᑦᑐᑰᓲᖑᒻᒪᖔᑕ ᐃᓚᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᒍᓐᓀᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᑎᑭᐅᑎᓂᖅ: ᑕᓪᓕᒪᑦ ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᓚᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᖓᓲᔪᕐᑐᓗ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᐅᓂᖃᕐᑎᓗᒋᑦ ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᒍᓐᓀᓂᕋᓚᐅᔪᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐊᑑᑎᓚᐅᔪᖅ ᐃᓗᕐᖁᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖃᑎᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᑐᓵᔨᖃᕐᓱᑎᓪᓗ. ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᓐᓇᓱᒋᑦ ᖃᓄᐃᓘᕐᓂᖏᑦ, ᑐᑭᓯᑎᑦᓯᔨᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐊᕙᑎᓪᓗ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᓗᓂᑦ ᐊᐱᕐᓱᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ. ᖁᓕᑦ ᖁᓕᓪᓗ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᓗᓂᑦ ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᓚᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᒪᕐᕈᕕᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ. ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐹᒥ ᑐᕃᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᒍᑎᖃᕐᓱᑎᒃ ᐃᓅᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᓇᕐᑎᓯᑦᓱᑎᒃ. ᑐᖓᓕᐊᓂ ᐊᐱᕆᔭᐅᓂᖓ ᓴᕐᕿᑎᑦᓯᒍᑎᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᓂᒃᑲᐅᓯᖏᑦ ᓱᓕᑦᓯᐊᒪᖔᑕ ᓈᒻᒪᓈᕐᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᒪᖔᑕ. ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓱᕐᖁᐃᓯᒍᑎᐅᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᕆᒍᑎᐅᑦᓱᑎᓪᓗ ᓄᑖᓂᒃ. ᐆᑦᑐᕋᐅᑎᒋᓗᒍ, ᐃᓗᓯᕐᓘᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, ᓴᕐᕿᔮᓗᐊᖕᖑᐊᓲᑦ ᐊᑑᑎᔭᐅᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᓇᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᕕᒻᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥᓂ ᐱᓗᑲᑦᑕᐅᓂᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕐᓗ. ᒪᖓᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᓂᖅ ᓵᓚᕐᖄᖃᕈᑎᐅᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᕐᓇᓂᒃ ᐊᑑᑎᔪᒻᒪᕆᐊᓗᒃ ᑕᕐᕋᒥ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂ ᑖᒃᑯᓄᖓᓗ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᓚᕿᓯᒪᒍᑎᐅᑦᓱᓂ ᒪᓐᑐᕆᐊᓪᒧᑦ. ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒨᔭᕐᑕᐅᖃᒻᒥᐅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᖓᑦᓯᖃᑦᑕᓂᖅ ᐃᓄᓐᓂᒃ ᓱᕐᕃᓯᒪᔪᒻᒪᕆᐅᒻᒪᑦ. ᑕᒪᓂᕐᕿᓚᕿᓯᖃᑦᑕᑐᑦ ᐊᕐᓇᓗᐊᖕᖑᐊᑦ: ᐃᑦᑐᓱᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᕐᓗᓱᑎᒃ ᐊᕐᖁᑎᒥᐅᕈᖃᑦᑕᑐᑦ. ᐊᕐᓀᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᓗᑎᒃ ᐊᓂᕐᕋᑖᕈᓐᓇᕈᒪᑦᓱᑎᒃ ᑕᒪᑐᒥᖓ ᐊᑑᑎᓚᕿᖃᑦᑕᑐᑦ ᐱᐅᓯᐅᔪᑦ ᒪᓕᑦᓱᒋᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᓂ.

Germans are among the largest ethnic groups, both in Canada as a whole and in British Columbia. Nevertheless, neither nationally, nor provincially, has this group received much academic attention, especially for the years between the end of the Second World War and the building of the Berlin Wall when about 200,000 German-speaking persons arrived in Canada. Based on the life stories of fifty German immigrants interviewed in British Columbia, published biographies, and archival records from Germany and Canada, this study reconstructs the conditions in interwar and postwar Europe that led to the mass-emigration of Germans in the late 1940s and the 1950s. It argues that this migration movement was not only influenced by government policies and the support of humanitarian organizations, but also by the existence of earlier settlement facilitating chain migrations to Canada. From the port of entry, the dissertation follows the immigrants’ adaptation and integration into Canadian society. Though the vast majority of them did not speak any English, or know much about their adopted country, except that it must be better than what they left in war-torn Europe, Germans are generally ranked among the best integrated ethnic groups in Canada. Yet, despite this assessment, the picture emerging from the sources strongly questions the existence of a singular German immigrant identity in Canada. The distinct self-perceptions of German nationals and ethnic Germans based on their experiences in Europe during the Second World War created striking differences in their patterns of immigration and adaptation to life in Canada which are still discernible after over half a century of settlement in North America.

Studiens övergripande syfte är att öka kunskapen om lärare med utländsk bakgrund och deras möte med den svenska skolan genom deras berättelser. Studien har sin grund i ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv med förståelsen att mening skapas i interaktion med andra. Berättandet ses här som en handling och en dominerande uttrycksform för identitetsskapande. I avhandlingen lyfts sju lärare fram genom deras yrkeslivsberättelser om den svenska mångkulturella skolan. Studien är en longitudinell undersökning och empirin består av fjorton livsberättelseintervjuer som gjorts i två omgångar med ett till fyra års mellanrum. Med hjälp av livsberättelseansatsen som teoretisk och metodologisk utgångspunkt analyseras följande frågeställningar: Vilka yrkesethos framträder i lärarnas berättelser om möten och relationer i den svenska skolan? Vilka positioner intar och tillskrivs lärarna i sina berättelser? Hur gestaltas legitimitet i lärarnas berättelser? Resultatet diskuteras i relation till teorier och diskurser om skola, lärarprofession, mångkulturella/interkulturella intentioner samt sociala strukturer. Studien visar att lärarna gör identitetsframträdanden i sina berättelser gällande legitimitet. Detta sker genom konstruktion, dekonstruktion och rekonstruktion av yrkesethos. I avhandlingen framkommer indikationer på att det i skolan förutsätts att det är de utländska lärarna som ska anpassa sig efter rådande normer och att toleransen för alternativa förhållningssätt är begränsade. Lärarna positionerar sig i berättelserna genom att både acceptera och göra motstånd mot kraven på konformitet. / The aim of the dissertation is to contribute to an understanding of how immigrantteachers define and construct their identities in a new school context. The study isbased on a social constructional theory with the understanding that purpose iscreated through interaction with others. I see narratives as action and adominating form of expression for identity. In this thesis, seven immigrantteachers and their life stories about professional practices in the Swedishmulticultural education system are focused. The life story approach of studyingteachers´ practices has inspired analysis of the following issues: What kind ofprofessional identities do the teachers perform in their narratives about encountersand relationships in school? How do they position themselves in the stories andhow do others position them? How is legitimacy constructed in their stories?Conclusions from their professional life experiences are situated in Swedishschool contexts and are discussed together with theories and discourses aboutteaching as a profession, multicultural intentions, schools and social structures.The study shows diverse identity performances concerning legitimacy where theteachers perform different constructions, deconstructions, and reconstructions oftheir professional ethos. In the life stories, various positions of acceptance andresistance appear as answers to the demands of conformity.