Generating ideas and creating prototypes of physical products is a highly non-linear and iterative process. Current tools divide this process into multiple discrete steps with different tools to support each of these steps such as CAD modelling, simulation and fabrication. We believe, design interfaces that combine different steps of the process and create different layers of abstraction depending on the type of the user and where they are in the process can support users in generating more creative ideas and creating better functioning prototypes more efficiently. In order to validate this, we developed three interfaces- a sketch-based ideation tool, a live programming interface to create IoT devices and a design tool to support design and fabrication of hand wearables. The foundation of these design interfaces is the layer of abstraction that allows users to focus on idea generation and converting it into a tangible prototype with little or no technical knowledge, and a continuous visual feedback that guides the user to make necessary changes to improve their design. The three tools were evaluated through user testing for supporting creation of different ideas and converting them into functional prototypes.

Táto diplomová práca sa zaoberá štúdiom alfa-Fe2O3(012) vystaveného vodnému prostrediu. Súčasný stav poznania ohľadom oxidov železa s pozornosťou vkladanou do popisu alfa-Fe2O3 a jeho (012) povrchu je stručne zhrnutá. Experimentálná časť tejto práce začína s popisom unikátného zariadenia na depozíciu kvapalnej vody na povrchy monokryštalických vzoriek compatibilného s podmienkami ultra vysokého vákuua. Jednotlivé konštrukčné časti a detaily sú diskutované. Navrhnutý systém bol testovaný na vzorkách striebornej fólie a monokryštálu Fe3O4 s povrchovom v rovine [100]. Chemické zloženie a morfológia povrchu po experimente s kvapalnou vodou je diskutovaná. Navrhnuté zariadenie bolo použité na štúdium interakcie vody so známymi (1x1) a (2x1) povrchovými alfa-Fe2O3(012). Experimentálne dáta ukazujú, že voda sa viaže na obe reconštrukcie disociatívne s určitým množstvom molekulárnej vody naviazanej na adsorbované hydroxydi. (1x1) sa zdá javý stabilná po expozícii rôznym tlakom vodnej pary, zatial čo (2x1) vykazuje zmenu na (1x1) pri expozíciach vyšším tlakom vodnej pary alebo po niekolo minútovej expozíci electrónovému zväzku. Ďalej sú v tejto práci prezentované prvé výsledky z štúdie prechodu (1x1) rekonštrukcie na (2x1) pomocou mikroskpie nízkoenergiových elektrónov. Výsledky ukazujú, že táto premena na nižších teplotách je inciovaná na hranách atomárnych vrstiev a defektov na povrchu, ktorá potom postupuje smerom k stredu atomárnych terás. Meranie na vyšších teplotách vykazuje postupnú premenu povrchu naznačúju viaceru nukleačných centrech z ktorých sa (2x1) povrch širi ďalej.

Depuis la fin des années 1960 se sont développées différentes pratiques artistiques délibérément bêtes, assumant et parfois même revendiquant leur bêtise. Dans une approche ancrée à la fois dans l'histoire culturelle et la théorie esthétique, prenant en compte les paramètres que sont les modalités d'exposition, l'industrie du divertissement et le rôle des collectionneurs, il s'agit de comprendre comment un phénomène à l'origine excentré, marginal et parfois contestataire, est devenu une donnée centrale de la production artistique contemporaine. Le premier mouvement revient sur la tradition de la bêtise en histoire de l'art. Partant de l'expression « bête comme un peintre », y est proposé une relecture du « retour à la peinture» du début 1980 (Figuration Libre, Mülheimer Freiheit à Cologne, bad painting américaine). Le deuxième moment porte sur les mécanismes de diffusion, d'expansion, de légitimation et d'institutionnalisation de l'art bête dans les années 1990 et 2000, abordant notamment les pratiques Martin Kippenberger, Jeff Koons, Paul McCarthy, Mike Kelley, Richard Jackson, Gelitin, Wim Delvoye ou encore Damien Hirst. Le troisième et dernier temps consiste en une généalogie alternative de cette histoire de la bêtise en prenant la Californie comme paradigme. On y développe l'hypothèse qu'à Los Angeles sont en germe, depuis le milieu des années 1960, les formes de bêtise artistique qui s'imposent à l'échelle internationale depuis les années 1990 : l'industrie du divertissement et le culte du succès, de la célébrité et de la richesse, et son contre-point dynamique, son envers dévoyé, le modèle du bad boy made in L.A. / Stupidity (bêtise) can be apprehended as bodily, vulgar, even regressive. Or it can simply be understood as foolish, silly or childish. I investigate all of these strains of "bêtise" in order to demonstrate the key role it has played in shaping aesthetic styles and debates about contemporary art from the late 1960s to the present day. The dissertation thus traces these fluctuations by looking at the shift from the 1960-l 970s, when dumbness, used as a critical tool, occupied a position at the margins of the art world, to the l 980-1990s when "bêtise" began to constitute an autonomous aesthetics mobilized by the art world's biggest stars. What used to be marginal then became preeminent, what used to be popular culture became high art, while lowbrow turned into highbrow. The first part takes a look back at the tradition of stupidity in art history. Viewed from the popular phrase "stupid as a painter", I propose a reevaluation of the so-called "return to painting" in the early 80s (Figuration libre, Bad Painting, Mülheimer Freiheit Grup in Koln) as an initial step. The second section analyses the mechanisms of diffusion, expansion, legitimation and institutionalization of "dumb art" in the 90s and 2000s, focusing on practices of artists like Martin Kippenberger, JeffKoons, Paul McCarthy, Mike Kelley, Gelitin, Wim Delvoye or Damien Hirst. The third and last part is an attempt to write an alternative narrative to this history of stupidity, in which I propose California as a paradigmatic model. The entertainment industry and the cult of success, fame and wealth, and its dynamic counterpoint, its dark side, the made-in-L.A.-bad-boy model played major roles in that process.

Occupational Health Service (OHS) has an important role in society. It is designed to prevent illness and strengthen the health of workers. OHS operations and development are currently being studied at the School of Technology and Health at the Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden. One of the industries studied is the home maker service. During the 2010s were such employees one of the most ill groups in Sweden. This master's thesis in occupational environment development and change management focus on examining the special knowledge an OHS and its clients in one home maker service need to strengthen the workers of the industry and find out how the interaction between OHS and home maker service works and how it could be evolved. A qualitative study was conducted in a Swedish city on the basis of an organizational perspective. Six persons between 30 and 65 years of age were interviewed. The interviewed people’s occupations were ergonomist, safety engineer, home health aides and managers from both companies. To gain a deeper understanding of the phenomenon the interviews were transcribed. Key themes for the interviewees were collaboration, economy and engagement, important health and safety issues, prevention, the home help service needs of OHS and what support OHS need in their work with the home maker services. The studied parties agreed that they had no developed cooperation and that there was a gap between them. All interviewees consisted on the work environment problems in the industry. These were stress, time pressure, heavy physical work, patients’ homes were not always suited for the home health aides, lack of colleagues, intimidation and violence and smoking patients. There was found a barrier between the preventive work that could be undertaken and what was ordered from the home maker service. / Företagshälsovården (FHV) har en betydelsefull roll i samhället. Den finns till för att förebygga ohälsa och stärka hälsan hos arbetstagare. Företagshälsovårdens verksamhet och utveckling studeras just nu på skolan för teknik och hälsa på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan. En av de branscher som åskådliggörs är hemtjänsten. Under 00-talet var arbetstagarna i hemtjänsten en av de mest sjukskrivna grupperna i Sverige. Det här magister-examensarbetet inom arbetsmiljöutveckling och förändringsledning fokuserar på att undersöka vilken specialkunskap FHV behöver för att stärka hemtjänstbranschens arbetstagare samt ta reda på hur samverkan mellan FHV och hemtjänsten fungerar och hur den kan utvecklas. En kvalitativ intervjustudie utfördes i en svensk storstad med utgångspunkt i ett organisationsperspektiv. Sex personer mellan 30 och 65 år intervjuades. Intervjuobjektens yrken var ergonom, arbetsmiljöingenjör, undersköterska i hemtjänsten och chefer från båda parter. För att få en djupare förståelse för fenomenet transkriberades intervjuerna. Betydelsefulla gemensamma teman för intervjupersonerna var samverkan, ekonomi och engagemang, viktiga arbetsmiljöfrågor, förebyggande arbete i dag, hemtjänstens tjänstebehov av FHV och vilket stöd FHV behöver i sitt arbete med hemtjänsten.   De studerade parterna var överens om att de inte hade något utvecklat samarbete och att det bestod ett glapp mellan dem. Alla intervjupersoner var eniga om arbetsmiljöproblemen i branschen. Dessa var stress, tidspress, tungt fysisk arbete, att brukarnas hem inte alltid var anpassade för hemtjänstpersonalen, avsaknad av kollegor, hot och våld samt rökande brukare. Det fanns idag en barriär mellan det förebyggande arbete som skulle kunna bedrivas och vad som beställdes av hemtjänsten. / "Nyttiggörande av branschkunskap – implementering av nätverk” med projektledare Annika Vänje

The “statement” from senior decision-maker is a section in the sustainability           report, where the most “senior decision-maker” of the institution (such as CEO,            chairman, or equivalent senior position) gives the personal view about the           relevance of sustainability to the ​institution and its strategy for addressing           sustainability. Such a statement is one medium used by company leaders to            communicate their attitudes and values to stakeholders in sustainability reports.          Under commercial circumstances, sustainability is also referred to as Corporate          Social Responsibility (CSR). This paper analyzes Chinese and Nordics senior decision-makers’ perception of CSR within the banking sector. The research sample consists of statements of senior decision-makers from sustainability reports of four Chinese banks, respective four Nordic banks. Previous studies show that CSR conception is influenced by cultural and social backgrounds. By analyzing respective Chinese/Nordic senior decision-maker’s statement, this study isaimingtofindout how Chinese/Nordic culture and social concepts are promoted in their respective bank institutions, and therefore lead to different CSR focus and strategies. The results from the study show that Chinese senior decision-makers’ statements are strongly influenced by t​raditional Chinese philosophy and social background, especially Confucian and Taoism, as well as​Xi Jinping’s guidelines delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist and the 13th Five-Year Plan. In relation to the Nordic senior decision-makers the gender equality and racial equality were noted. Senior decision-makers of Chinese banks mainly focus on “social stability and progress”, “economic responsibility”, and “customers”,while         senior decision-makers of Nordic banks mainly focus on “economic responsibility”, “customers”, and “environmental protection”. / 公司资深决策者(首席执行官，董事长，或同等级别)会在可持续发展报告中 用一个章节来申明他们的观点。这个章节的内容涵盖可持续发展与该公司组 织架构的相关度，以及该公司可持续发展的战略和对策。公司领导通过这种 形式对股东传达公司的态度和价值观。在商业环境中，可持续发展也经常被 称为公司社会责任(CSR)。 本论文分析了中国和北欧银行业资深决策者们对于企业社会责任的认知。本 论文的研究对象是银行可持续发展报告中资深决策者的陈述观点，它们分别 取自4家中国银行和4家北欧银行。现存的研究指出公司社会责任这一概念以 及对其的认知受到文化和社会背景的影响。通过研究中国和北欧不同银行资 深决策者在可持续发展报告中的陈述及观点，本论文意在深入理解文化和社 会因素是如何在公司中得到，并最终影响公司社会责任的实践和战略。 研究结果显示中国传统哲学和社会背景深刻影响中国银行业资深决策者对于 可持续发展的陈述和观点，特别是儒家思想，道家思想，​和​习近平​在​19大​的 报告，​以及​中国​第​十三​个​五​年​规划。而在北欧，可持续发展报告主要受到性 别平等和种族平等方面​的​影响。在银行可持续报告中，中国的资深决策者主 要关注“社会平稳和发展”，“经济责任”，和“客户”，而北欧的资深决策者主 要关注“经济责任”，“客户”和“环境保护”。

This thesis is a development of the theories presented by Carl Jung, Joseph Campbell, and Bruno Bettelheim concerning archetypes, the anima/animus concept, the Hero Cycle, and identity development through fairy tales. I argue that there are vital rites of passage missing in Anglo-Saxon culture, and while bibliotherapy cannot replace them, it can help adolescents synthesize their experiences. The theories of Jung, Campbell, and Bettelheim demonstrate this concept by defining segments of the story and how they apply to the reader. Because of the applicability, readers, despite their age, can use the examples in the book to help reconcile their own experiences and understand life as it relates to them. The works I examine include J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, Orson Scott Card's Alvin Maker series, J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea trilogy, and David Eddings' Belgariad. Though it is impossible to test the effects of reading such works on readers, the possibility of those effects exists. Bettelheim's work, The Uses of Enchantment, discusses similar themes and he provides scientific support through his use of anecdotal evidence. Following his example, I have tried to include evidence from my own life that exemplifies the effect reading epic fantasy has had on me. The aspects of epic fantasy in relation to going through adolescence I examine include the concept of responsibility and its relation to progress and maturity; gaining a social identity; and reconciling oneself to the dark side within and without, in society. These aspects are found within the superstructure of the Hero Cycle and the actions and motivations of the characters—archetypes—within the cycle. They are also present in real life and necessary concepts to understand to be accepted into society as a mature contributor.

Small UAVs are used for low altitude surveillance flights where unknown obstacles can be encountered. These UAVs can be given the capability to navigate in uncertain environments if obstacles are identified. This research presents an obstacle avoidance system for small UAVs. First, a mission waypoint path is created that avoids all known obstacles using a genetic algorithm. Then, while the UAV is in flight, obstacles are detected using a forward looking, onboard camera. Image features are found using the Harris Corner Detector and tracked through multiple video frames which provides three dimensional localization of the features. A sparse three dimensional map of features provides a rough estimate of obstacle locations. The features are grouped into potentially hazardous areas. The small UAV then employs a sliding mode control law on the autopilot to avoid obstacles. This research compares rapidly-exploring random trees to genetic algorithms for UAV pre-mission path planning. It also presents two methods for using image feature movement and UAV telemetry to calculate depth and detect obstacles. The first method uses pixel ray intersection and the second calculates depth from image feature movement. Obstacles are avoided with a success rate of 96%.

Market microstructure studies the process of exchanging assets underexplicit trading rules. With algorithmic trading and high-frequencytrading, modern financial markets have seen profound changes in marketmicrostructure in the last 5 to 10 years. As a result, previously establishedmethods in the field of market microstructure becomes oftenfaulty or insufficient. Machine learning and, in particular, reinforcementlearning has become more ubiquitous in both finance and otherfields today with applications in trading and optimal execution. This thesisuses reinforcement learning to understand market microstructureby simulating a stock market based on NASDAQ Nordics and trainingmarket maker agents on this stock market. Simulations are run on both a dealer market and a limit orderbook marketdifferentiating it from previous studies. Using DQN and PPO algorithmson these simulated environments, where stochastic optimal controltheory has been mainly used before. The market maker agents successfullyreproduce stylized facts in historical trade data from each simulation,such as mean reverting prices and absence of linear autocorrelationsin price changes as well as beating random policies employed on thesemarkets with a positive profit & loss of maximum 200%. Other tradingdynamics in real-world markets have also been exhibited via theagents interactions, mainly: bid-ask spread clustering, optimal inventorymanagement, declining spreads and independence of inventory and spreads, indicating that using reinforcement learning with PPO and DQN arerelevant choices when modelling market microstructure. / Marknadens mikrostruktur studerar hur utbytet av finansiella tillgångar sker enligt explicita regler. Algoritmisk och högfrekvenshandel har förändrat moderna finansmarknaders strukturer under de senaste 5 till 10 åren. Detta har även påverkat pålitligheten hos tidigare använda metoder från exempelvis ekonometri för att studera marknadens mikrostruktur. Maskininlärning och Reinforcement Learning har blivit mer populära, med många olika användningsområden både inom finans och andra fält. Inom finansfältet har dessa typer av metoder använts främst inom handel och optimal exekvering av ordrar. I denna uppsats kombineras både Reinforcement Learning och marknadens mikrostruktur, för att simulera en aktiemarknad baserad på NASDAQ i Norden. Där tränas market maker - agenter via Reinforcement Learning med målet att förstå marknadens mikrostruktur som uppstår via agenternas interaktioner. I denna uppsats utvärderas och testas agenterna på en dealer – marknad tillsammans med en limit - orderbok. Vilket särskiljer denna studie tillsammans med de två algoritmerna DQN och PPO från tidigare studier. Främst har stokastisk optimering använts för liknande problem i tidigare studier. Agenterna lyckas framgångsrikt med att återskapa egenskaper hos finansiella tidsserier som återgång till medelvärdet och avsaknad av linjär autokorrelation. Agenterna lyckas också med att vinna över slumpmässiga strategier, med maximal vinst på 200%. Slutgiltigen lyckas även agenterna med att visa annan handelsdynamik som förväntas ske på en verklig marknad. Huvudsakligen: kluster av spreads, optimal hantering av aktielager och en minskning av spreads under simuleringarna. Detta visar att Reinforcement Learning med PPO eller DQN är relevanta val vid modellering av marknadens mikrostruktur.

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