The thesis is about industrial automatic CIP protocol, which belongs to SCADA systems. The first part is focused on basic principles of CIP protocol and on analysis of two protocols (EtherNET/IP and DeviceNet), which are based on CIP protocol. The second part deals with designing scenarios for a simulation. The simulation of one-way communication, two-way communication with help of reads from the console and two-way real time communication between Raspberries PI 3B+. The third part deals with a realization of the simulation, a start-up and a function of predefined scenarios and graphic interface. The fourth part deals with analysis network communication in situations, which occur during a protocol EtherNet/IP simulation.

Ce manuscrit de thèse rapporte quelques études méthodologiques sur la régionalisation du climat par l’approche dynamique. Le domaine géographique couvre une large zone allant du milieu de l’Atlantique Nord à l’Europe de l’Est, et du Sahel à l’Arctique. La quête à tout prix d’une amélioration du climat régional n’est pas au cœur du manuscrit. Pourtant, l’accent est mis sur trois points clefs, généralement rencontrés par toutes tentatives de régionalisation du climat. Le premier point concerne le schéma d’imbrication : imbrication du sens unidirectionnel du GCM vers le RCM (one-way nesting, OWN) ou bidirectionnelle entre le GCM et le RCM (two-way nesting, TWN). Le deuxième point examine la réalisation technique d’imbrication, qui est généralement une opération de relaxation newtonienne ajoutée aux équations pronostiques du modèle. Le troisième point est sur l’effet du raffinement de maille dans le RCM. L’esprit général du manuscrit consiste à conceptualiser et réaliser des simulations numériques pour traiter ces trois points avec astuces afin de les isoler et quantifier. Le modèle de circulation générale LMDZ est utilisé pour l’ensemble des expériences. Il joue à la fois le rôle du GCM et celui du RCM. Dans les deux cas, il conserve strictement ses paramétrisations physique et sa configuration dynamique, ainsi que tous les forçages ou paramètres externes. La stratégie d’expérimentation, qualifiée comme Master versus Slave, consiste à réaliser des simulations sous deux protocoles reliés l’un et l’autre : « DS-300-to-300 » désigne Downscaling du GCM à 300 km de résolution horizontale au RCM qui est identique au GCM, aussi à 300 km de résolution spatiale ; « DS-300-to-100 » désigne Downscaling de 300 km (GCM) à 100 km (RCM). Il est clair que « DS-300-to-300 » est un cadre idéalisé, particulièrement approprié pour évaluer l’effet de l’opération de relaxation. Le protocole « DS-300-to-100 », soustrait du « DS-300-to-300 », permet d’évaluer très précisément l’effet de la résolution du RCM augmentée. Dans chaque protocole, deux schémas de communication entre le RCM et le GCM ont été implémentés, l’un (OWN) est la méthodologie classique du sens unique qui consiste à piloter le RCM par les sorties du GCM, l’autre (TWN) est d’établir un échange mutuel entre les deux modèles. Le climat régional est sensible au choix des schémas de communication entre le RCM et le GCM, surtout aux moyennes latitudes. TWN apporte une nette amélioration sur la représentation des informations frontalières. Au niveau des modes régionaux de circulation atmosphérique, exprimés en structures d’EOF, OWN et TWN sont tous deux capables de les reproduire, mais avec de légères déformations dans l’espace. La relaxation newtonienne, largement utilisée dans la régionalisation du climat, permet au RCM de bien suivre la trajectoire synoptique du GCM. Pourtant, la concomitance temporelle et la ressemblance spatiale sont dépendantes des variables considérées, des saisons, des régimes de temps, et des échelles spatio-temporelles de circulations atmosphériques. Des cas de dé-corrélation sont remarquables quand la circulation dominante de la région est de petites échelles. Le raffinement de maille augmente la liberté du RCM à développer sa dynamique interne, surtout aux petites échelles, mais aussi à l’ensemble du spectre de la circulation à travers l’interaction des échelles. Ainsi le RCM devient plus indépendant et s’écarte davantage du GCM. Cette thèse, autour des aspects méthodologiques de la régionalisation du climat, aide à avoir une meilleure compréhension sur la pratique. Elle adresse aussi un message de précaution à la communauté RCM et l’invite à bien vérifier leur méthodologie de régionalisation. / The work developed in this thesis explores through methodological modelling studies the current techniques of climate regionalization. In this case, the regionalization focuses on a geographical domain covering from the North Atlantic to Eastern Europe longitudinal wise, and from the Sahel to the Arctic as a latitudinal interval. The aim of this thesis is not the improvement of regional climate modelling per se, but tackling three key questions that are commonly met by all attempts when trying to improve climate regionalization. Firstly, the choice and advantages of the nesting scheme: one-way nesting (OWN) versus two-way nesting (TWN). Secondly, the evaluation of the nesting method, which is generally a Newtonian relaxation operation added to the prognostic equations of the model. And finally, the consequences of the mesh refinement in Regional Circulation Models (RCM). The objective of this manuscript consists in conceptualizing and carrying out numerical simulations to answer these three questions by isolating each individual effect and quantifying the consequences of each of the effects. The general circulation model LMDZ is used for all experiments. It is able to play the role of the General Circulation Model (GCM) and the RCM, keeping the same physical parameterizations and the same dynamical configuration, as well as the same external forcings and model parameters. Our experimental set-up, referred as “Master versus Slave”, consists on two related protocols: “DS-300-to-300” and “DS-300-to-100”. The former implies the downscaling of the GCM at 300 km of horizontal resolution while the RCM has the identical resolution of 300 km. The latter implies the downscaling from 300 km (GCM) to 100 km (RCM). We have assumed the “DS-300-to-300” as an idealized framework, particularly appropriate to evaluate the relaxation operation effect. In parallel, the “DS-300-to-100” protocol, subtracted from the “DS-300-to-300”, allows assessing the effect of the increased resolution for the RCM. In each protocol, two communication schemes between the RCM and the GCM have been implemented. The first one -OWN- is the classic one-way methodology to control the RCM by the outputs of the GCM. The second one -TWN- is used to establish a mutual exchange between the two models (RCM and GCM). This thesis has found that climate regionalization is highly sensitive to the choice of the communication scheme between the RCM and the GCM, especially at mid-latitudes. TWN clearly improves the representation at the boundaries. For the regional atmospheric circulation modes, expressed in EOF structures, both OWN and TWN are able to reproduce them, but with a slight deformation in space. Newtonian relaxation, widely used in climate regionalization, allows the RCM to follow the GCM’s synoptic trajectory. However, temporal concomitance and spatial resemblance of the two depend on the variables considered, on the particular seasons selected, on the weather regimes, and on the spatiotemporal scales of atmospheric circulation. De-correlation cases are remarkable when the dominant circulation on a regional scale is small. Moreover, mesh refinement increases the freedom of the RCM to develop its internal dynamic circulation, especially at small scales, and also across the whole spectrum of circulation regimes through the scales in which the RCM operates. Thus, when resolution increases, the RCM becomes more independent from the GCM behavior and the model results deviate significantly from the GCM. Focused on the methodological aspects of climate regionalization, this thesis helps to gain a better understanding on the regionalization practice. Il also sends a precautionary message to the RCM community, kindly inviting to verify their regionalization strategy.

This diploma thesis describes modernization of the master clock HN 50 created by company ELEKON, s.r.o. Master clock can be used for controlling of analog or digital slave clock or for switching school bells. Exact differences between old and new version of the clock are described and ways of synchronization and controlling of slave clock are explained. Main goal of modernization is applying the SMT technology for automation of production. Another problems and shortcomings of previous version are developed, such as new power supply structure, selection of a new microcontroller and usage of several different displays. Every problem is developed and new solutions are chosen. Last part of the document describes the software which is clarified on several flowcharts. Outputs of the thesis are complete schematics, printed circuit boards and 3D models of the modernized device.

This study examines the criticism of Christianity expressed by Friedrich Nietzsche and Soren Kierkegaard, particularly in relation to the question of moral action. These author's work were both published in the 19th Century. To analyze their written works, a hermeneutic approach is assumed. The Concepts pf slave morality, nihilism, and the disticntion between Christendom and Christianity are emphasized in the previous research and are here used analytically to contrast the author's works. The results of the study reveals both clear similarities and differences between Nietzsche and Kierkegaard's thought. The main difference lies in their views on the Church as an institutional doctrine and the impact of western moral principles on divine and human reason. The main similaraity is the emphasis both authors place on the individual's free will. The analysis also highlights the problematic nature of prevailing principles and the Christian image of God in the author's works. The concept of free will is seen as most central to their arguments, partilcarly in relation to wheter mankind's deire for the Christian God is rational or not. In conclusion to the result, the study also discusses the implications pf the study for teaching about philosophy of religion in the classroom. Therefore, a discussion regarding didactics is held to suggest how this subject matter could be utilized in a teaching context, espacially to encourage critical thinking and reflection.

Cette thèse étudie la réception plurielle de Hegel dans le discours philosophique du XXème siècle. En prenant comme fil rouge la dialectique hégélienne de la reconnaissance, cette thèse soumet à l’examen ses réappropriations successives chez Kojève, Lacan et Honneth. La première réception de Hegel fût une théorie de l’anthropogenèse qui mettait l’accent sur la lutte pour la reconnaissance et sur la fameuse dialectique du maître et de l’esclave. La reconnaissance de soi atteinte par l’esclave et sa victoire imaginaire ouvrant sur la terre promise de la reconnaissance correspondent à la fin du Temps Historique. Mais à la suite de Kojève, c’est cette version de l’anthropologie hégélienne qui a inspiré la psychanalyse lacanienne. Celle-ci constitue une critique de la conscience de soi considérée comme synonyme d’aliénation imaginaire. Bien qu’indispensable pour la constitution d’un soi et d’un monde stables, la reconnaissance spéculaire de soi est forcément méconnaissance. Contrairement à Kojève et à sa reprise par Lacan, la théorie de la reconnaissance d’Honneth constitue l’envers de la domination puisqu’elle autorise le passage de la tyrannie de l’inconscient et du déni résiduel à une lutte pour la reconnaissance. Son entreprise consiste à renouer avec Hegel, mais celui-ci n’est pas lu comme une pensée de l’historicité, mais celle de la constitution intersubjective de l’autonomie du sujet. Ainsi, l’horizon de la vie éthique ne procède plus d’une dialectique du développement historique, il est inscrit plutôt dans la formation psycho-sociologique de l’identité / The question, which is at the core of this dissertation is the plural reception of Hegel in the philosophical discourse in the 20th century. The guiding line in this study is the Hegelian dialectics of recognition, I then examined in this dissertation its successive reappropriations in Kojève, Lacan and Honneth. The first reception of Hegel was a theory of anthropogenesis, which focused on the struggle for recognition and on the well known dialectic of master and slave. The self-recognition achieved by the slave and by his/her imaginary victory opening onto the promised land of recognition, corresponds to the end of Historical Time. However, after Kojève, it was that version of Hegelian anthropology that inspired Lacanian psychoanalysis. The Lacanian psychoanalysis is a critique of self-consciousness, which is considered as synonymous with imaginary alienation. The specular recognition of oneself, while essential for the formation of a stable self and world, is necessarily misrecognition. Unlike Kojève and his resumption by Lacan, Honneth’s theory of recognition is considered as the opposite of domination since it allows the transition from the tyranny of unconscious and residual denial to a struggle for recognition. Honneth’s gesture consists in returning to Hegel, but the latter is not represented as a thought of historicity, but as the intersubjective constitution of the autonomy of the subject. Thus, the horizon of ethical

Anerkennung wird heute sozialphilosophisch diskutiert. Dabei wird übersehen, sie hat auch eine politisch-philosophische Geschichte und darin mehrere Wandlungen durchlebt. Der Auftakt liegt in der politischen Philosophie des 19. Jahrhunderts. Die erste Wandlung durchläuft die Diskussion im Übergang von Hegels Realphilosophie zur Phänomenologie des Geistes im Jahr 1807. Schlagartig stand nicht mehr der Topos der Anerkennung im Zentrum der Diskussion, sondern das Herr-Knecht-Verhältnis. Die ökonomisch-philosophische Wendung in den unversöhnlichen Gegensatz von Kapital und Arbeit dominiert die Herr-Knecht-Diskussion seit den 1840er Jahren bis zur Veröffentlichung der Jenaer Frühschriften Hegels. Die Dissertation eröffnet mit einem Forschungsstand der wichtigsten seit 1931 in Deutschland veröffentlichten Diskussionsbeiträge. Als Resultat wird die Debatte aus der Sozialphilosophie in die politische Philosophie getragen. Nicht der sozialphilosophische Kampf um Anerkennung, sondern die politisch-philosophische Bewegung der Anerkennung ist der methodische Leitfaden durch die letzten zwei Jahrhunderte. Sie ist ein konflikttheoretisches Mehrstufenmodell, das zum Untersuchungsinstrument für vier prototypische Denker_innen von Demokratisierungs- und Gleichstellungsbewegungen wird. G.W.F. Hegel, Karl Marx, Frantz Fanon und Simone de Beauvoir sind bis heute Kronzeug_innen, wenn es um Rechtsbegründung, eine klassenlose Gesellschaft und eine Menschheit geht, in der weder Hautfarbe noch Geschlecht bestimmend für soziale und politische Stellung sind. Sie haben ihre politische Philosophie mit dem Denken einer Bewegung der Anerkennung konzipiert. Im Ausblick wird die Bewegung als detailreiches Denkwerkzeug politischer Analyse und Konzeptbildung beschrieben. Die Arbeit ist für politische Theoretiker_innen und Praktiker_innen, die sich ohne große Vorkenntnisse die Anerkennungsdiskussion als wichtigen Quellcode der europäischen politischen Philosophie gewinnbringend aneignen wollen. / Recognition is discussed today predominantly in social philosophy. But it also has a political-philosophical history and it is going through several changes. The prelude is the political philosophy of the 19th century. The first conversion passes through the discussion in the transition from Hegel''s Realphilosophie (1806) to his Phenomenology of Spirit in 1807. Abruptly was no longer the topos of recognition in the center of the discussion, but the master-servant relationship. The economic- philosophical turn in the irreconcilable opposition between capital and labor dominates the master-servant discussion since the 1840s until the publication of the Jena Hegel''s early writings. In practical politics it dominated until the collapse of the Soviet Union. The thesis begins with a state of the most important research published in Germany since 1931 discussion posts. As a result, the debate is carried out of the social philosophy in political philosophy. Not the socio-philosophical struggle for recognition, but the political and philosophical movement of recognition is the methodological guide through the last two centuries. It is a conflict-theoretical multi-stage model, which is here the investigation instrument for four prototypical thinkers of democratization and equality movements. G.W.F. Hegel, Karl Marx, Frantz Fanon and Simone de Beauvoir are still key witnesses, when it comes to legal reasoning, a classless society and humanity in which neither color nor sex are decisive for social and political position. Hegel, Marx, Fanon and de Beauvoir have designed their political philosophy with the thought of a movement of recognition. In the outlook, the movement is described as a highly detailed political analysis tool for thinking and concept formation. The work is for political theorists and practicians without much prior knowledge who want to acquire the recognition discussion profitable. It is one of the most important sources of European political philosophy.

Through a close reading of Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Conditions, this essay shows the key links between the novel and Frantz Fanon’s major works. In addition to providing a deeper understanding of Dangarembga’s narrative as a whole, it takes into particular consideration the em­bedded criticism of colonialism in the text. The psychological conditions implied by the title play a central role: the essay shows how these conditions relate to the colonial situation and how refusing to consent to subjugation can be understood as radical criticism of colonial, Christian, as well as patriarchal superstructures as well as forming clear opposition to the colonial institution. The analysis is primarily based on Fanon and his comprehension of other theorists. It also draws on the ideas of Homi K. Bhabha, which will provide an additional level of understanding regarding questions about colonial identities in general, and Dangarembga’s characters Tambu, Nyasha, and Babamukuru in particular.

<p>This master thesis describes a design exploration of a circuit capable of measuring high speed signals without adding significant capacitive load to the measuring node. </p><p>It is designed in a 0.13 CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.2 Volt. The circuit is a master and slave, track-and-hold architecture incorporated with a capacitive voltage divider and a NMOS source follower as input buffer to protect the measuring node and increase the input voltage range. </p><p>This thesis presents the implementation process and the theory needed to understand the design decisions and consideration throughout the design. The results are based on transistor level simulations performed in Cadence Spectre. </p><p>The results show that it is possible to observe the analog behaviour of a high speed signal by down converting it to a lower frequency that can be brought off-chip. The trade off between capacitive load added to the measuring node and input bandwidth of the measurment circuit is also presented.</p>

This master thesis describes a design exploration of a circuit capable of measuring high speed signals without adding significant capacitive load to the measuring node. It is designed in a 0.13 CMOS process with a supply voltage of 1.2 Volt. The circuit is a master and slave, track-and-hold architecture incorporated with a capacitive voltage divider and a NMOS source follower as input buffer to protect the measuring node and increase the input voltage range. This thesis presents the implementation process and the theory needed to understand the design decisions and consideration throughout the design. The results are based on transistor level simulations performed in Cadence Spectre. The results show that it is possible to observe the analog behaviour of a high speed signal by down converting it to a lower frequency that can be brought off-chip. The trade off between capacitive load added to the measuring node and input bandwidth of the measurment circuit is also presented.

In the first chapter of my doctoral thesis, entitled The Political Implications of Nietzsche's Perspectivism, I argue that due to conflicting passages present throughout his oeuvre, Nietzsche is best understood as a twofold metaphysical sceptic. That is, a sceptic about the existence of the external world, and consequently, as a sceptic about such a world's correspondence to our perspectives. Nietzsche presents a threefold conceptualization of 'nihilism' and a twofold one of the 'will to power.' Neutral nihilism is humanity's inescapable condition of having no non-humanly created meanings and values. This state can be interpreted positively as an opportunity to create one's own meanings and values, or negatively as a terrifying incentive to return to dogmatism. The will to power is life before and as it becomes life, the unqualified will to power, and all the realities in it, the qualifiable will to power. The combination of these ontological concepts brings me to my second chapter and to the determination of Nietzsche's general epistemology: perspectivism. Perspectivism is an admittedly created, ontologically derived interpretation of knowledge, which both entails and goes beyond relativism. Nietzsche's perspectivism is constructed to support any norm that allows for univocal evaluations, not just Nietzsche's. Moreover, it can be derived from any ontology that conceptualizes life as a unit of growth and decay and human beings as creators of all their perspectives. These two elastic concepts allow me to propose, in my third chapter, that, although his texts disavow an all-inclusive democracy in favour of a new spiritual aristocracy, on the one hand, the proper political implications of perspectivism allow for democracy, while on the other hand, Nietzsche can be read as disapproving of an all inclusive or representative democracy, yet as approving of the direct democracy that arises naturally among elite peers.