Introdução: Estima-se que ocorram 2,5 milhões de mortes por ano relacionadas a cirurgias não cardíacas e cinco vezes este valor para morbidade, com limitações funcionais e redução na sobrevida em longo prazo. Pacientes que deverão ser submetidos à cirurgia vascular são considerados de risco aumentado para eventos adversos cardiovasculares no pós-operatório. Há, ainda, muitas dúvidas em como fazer uma avaliação pré-operatória mais acurada desses pacientes. Objetivo: Em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vascular arterial eletiva, avaliar a incidência e preditores de complicações cardiovasculares e/ou óbito total, e calcular a performance dos modelos de estratificação de risco mais utilizados. Métodos: Em pacientes adultos, consecutivos, operados em hospital terciário, determinou-se a incidência de complicações cardiovasculares e óbitos, em 30 dias e em um ano. Comparações univariadas e regressão logística avaliaram os fatores de risco associados com os desfechos e a curva ROC (receiver operating characteristic) examinou a capacidade discriminatória do Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (RCRI) e do Índice de Risco Cardíaco do Grupo de Cirurgia Vascular da New England (VSG-CRI). Resultados: Um total de 141 pacientes (idade média 66 anos, 65% homens) realizou cirurgia de: carótida 15 (10,6%), membros inferiores 65 (46,1%), aorta abdominal 56 (39,7%) e outras (3,5%). Complicações cardiovasculares e óbito ocorreram, respectivamente, em 28 (19,9%) e em 20 (14,2%), em até 30 dias, e em 20 (16,8%) e 10 (8,4%), de 30 dias a um ano. Complicações combinadas ocorreram em 39 (27,7%) pacientes em até 30 dias e em 21 (17,6%) de 30 dias a um ano da cirurgia. Para eventos em até 30 dias, os preditores de risco encontrados foram: idade, obesidade, acidente vascular cerebral, capacidade funcional ruim, cintilografia com hipocaptação transitória, cirurgia aberta, cirurgia de aorta e troponina alterada. Os escores Índice de Risco Cardíaco Revisado (RCRI) e Índice de Risco Cardíaco do Grupo de Estudo Vascular da New England (VSG-CRI) obtiveram AUC (area under curve) de 0,635 e 0,639 para complicações cardiovasculares precoces e 0,562 e 0,610 para óbito em 30 dias, respectivamente. Com base nas variáveis preditoras aqui encontradas, testou-se um novo escore pré-operatório que obteve AUC de 0,747, para complicações cardiovasculares precoces, e um escore intraoperatório que apresentou AUC de 0,840, para óbito em até 30 dias. Para eventos tardios (de 30 dias a 1 ano), os preditores encontrados foram: capacidade funcional ruim, pressão arterial sistólica, cintilografia com hipocaptação transitória, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status) classe > II, RCRI (AUC 0,726) e troponina alterada. Conclusões: Nesse grupo pequeno e selecionado de pacientes de elevada complexidade clínica, submetidos à cirurgia vascular arterial, a incidência de eventos adversos foi elevada. Para complicações em até 30 dias, mostramos que os índices de avaliação de risco mais utilizados até o momento (RCRI e VSG-CRI) não apresentaram boa performance em nossa amostra. A capacidade preditiva de um escore mais amplo pré-operatório, e uma análise de risco em dois tempos: no pré-operatório e no pós-operatório imediato, como o que simulamos, poderá ser mais efetiva em estimar o risco de complicações / Introduction: Approximately 2.5 million deaths are caused by non-cardiac surgeries per year, while morbidity, represented by functional impairment and a decline in long-term survival, accounts for five times this value. Patients who require a vascular surgery are considered at an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events in the postoperative period. However, the method for obtaining a more accurate preoperative evaluation in these patients has not yet been determined. Objective: In patients undergoing elective arterial vascular surgery, the incidence and predictors of cardiovascular complications and/or total death were determined and the performance of risk stratification models was assessed. Methods: The incidence of cardiovascular complications and death within 30 days and 1 year after vascular surgery was determined in consecutive adult patients operated in a tertiary hospital. Univariate comparison and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate risk factors associated with the outcome, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined the discriminatory capacity of the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) and the Cardiac Risk Index of the New England Vascular Surgery Group (VSG-CRI). Results: In all, 141 patients (mean age, 66 years; 65% men) underwent vascular surgery, namely for the carotid arteries (15 [10.6%]), inferior limbs (65 [46.1%]), abdominal aorta (56 [39.7%]), and others (5 [3.5%]). Cardiovascular complications and death occurred in 28 (19.9%) and 20 (14.2%) patients, respectively, within 30 days after surgery, and in 20 (16.8%) and 10 (8.4%) patients, respectively, between 30 days and 1 year after the surgical procedure. Combined complications occurred in 39 patients (27.7%) within 30 days and in 21 patients (17.6%) between 30 days and 1 year after surgery. The risk predictors for cardiovascular events that occurred within 30 days were age, obesity, stroke, poor functional capacity, transitory myocardial hypocaptation on scintigraphy, open surgery, aortic surgery, and abnormal troponin levels. The RCRI and VSG-CRI showed an under the curve area of 0.635 and 0.639 for early cardiovascular complications as well as of 0.562 and 0.610 for death within 30 days, respectively. Based on the predictors found in this study, a new preoperative score was proposed, based on an AUC of 0.747 obtained for early cardiovascular complications and an intraoperative score that presented an AUC of 0.840 for death within 30 days. For late events (between 30 days and 1 year), the predictors were poor functional capacity, systolic blood pressure, presence of transitory myocardial hypocaptation on scintigraphy, class > II American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status score, RCRI (AUC= 0.726), and abnormal troponin levels. Conclusions: In this small group of patients with increased clinical complexity who underwent arterial surgery, the incidence of adverse events was high. In our series, we found that RCRI and VSG-CRI do not reasonably predict the risk of cardiovascular complications. The predictive capacity of a modified preoperative score and evaluating the risk preoperatively and early postoperatively, such as that simulated in this study, may be more effective in determining the risk of complications

A quantitative, explorative, descriptive contextual study was conducted to determine to what extent the malaria control measures proposed by the Tanzanian government had been implemented by parents of children between the ages 0-5 years who lived in Bukumbi village. Structured interviews were conducted with 40 parents of children who had been admitted for malaria treatment during 2007, and the data analysed by computer. Although respondents had a basic knowledge of preventive measures they did not implement actions preventing the anopheles mosquitoes’ breeding in this tropical area. The vicious cycle of poverty, malaria episodes and lack of proper malaria health education hampered the implementation of control measures such as the spraying of houses with insecticides. Although the government of Tanzania subsidises insecticide treated bed nets the respondents did not maintain these nets and did not renew the insecticide treatment of these nets. The incidence of malaria is unlikely to decline in the Bukumbi village unless all identified factors are addressed. / Health Studies / M.A.

<p>Ciljevi: Cilj ove studije je da ispita bezbednost rane karotidne endarterektomije (CEA) u odnosu na odložene CEA nakon akutnog ishemijskog neurolo&scaron;kog deficita (TIA/CVI). Drugi cilj je da istražimo da li postoji razlika u brzini neurolo&scaron;kog oporavka između navedenih grupa. Metode: Ukupno 157 ispitanika u prospektivnoj studiji je praćeno 30 dana postoperativno. Grupa I ili rana CEA, je imala 50 ispitanika operisanih od 3. do 14. dana po TIA/CVI događaju. Grupa II ili odložena CEA, je imala 107 ispitanika operisanih od 15. do 180. dana nakon TIA/CVI. Praćen je proceduralni op&scaron;ti i specifični morbiditet i mortalitet u 30-dnevnom postoperativnom periodu. Rankin skor (mRS) smo koristili za procenu neurolo&scaron;kog invaliditeta. U odnosu na vrednost mRS skora smo formirali dve podgrupe mRS&lt;3 i mRS3. U statističkoj analizi koristili smo Pirsonov hi test, Studentov test, ANOVU analizu varijanse, Boniferonijev test i multiplu analizu varijanse za ponovljena merenja (GLM- general line model), kao i parametarsku i neparametarsku korelaciju i regresiju. Nivo značajnosti je bio 0,05. Rezultati: Prosečna starost ispitanika je bila 66,72 godine uz 66,2% osoba mu&scaron;kog pola. U grupi I je prosečno vreme do intervencije bilo 9,5 dana, a u grupi II 72,22 dana. Grupe su homogene u odnosu na faktore rizika i komorbiditet. Grupa I je imala 54% nestabilnih aterosklerotskih plakova u poređenju sa grupom II gde ih je bilo 31,8% (&chi;2 = 7.084; p &lt; 0.01). U grupi I TIA je imalo 50% ispitanika, a u grupi II CVI nalaza je bilo 68,2% (&chi;2 =4.825; p &lt;0.05). CVI do 1 cm veličine je statistički značajno vi&scaron;e zastupljen u grupi I , a CVI do 2 cm u grupi II (&chi;2 = 6.913; p &lt;0.05). Stopa CVI je u grupi I bila 2.0% a u grupi II je 2.8% (F = 0.083; p &gt; 0.05). Stopa postoperativnog infarkta miokarda (IM) je u grupi I je 2.0% a u grupi II je 1.9%. Stopa specifičnog hirur&scaron;kog morbiditeta je u grupi I 4.0% a u grupi II 3.7%. U grupi I ukupni morbiditet bio 6.0% a u grupi II 7.5%, razlika nije bila statistički značajna (F =0.921; p &gt; 0.05). Mortaliteta u obe grupe nije bilo. CVI/IM/smrt stopa je u grupi I bio 4.0% a u grupi II je bio 4.7% (F = 0.122; p &gt;0.05). Hiperlipidemija je signifikantan faktor rizika za CVI/IM/smrt (&chi;2 = 4.083; p &lt; 0.05). Pobolj&scaron;anje mRS je u grupi I imalo 52%, a u grupi II 31,8% pacijenata (&chi;2 = 5.903; p &lt;0.01). Relativni rizik je 2,4 odnosno toliko puta je veća &scaron;ansa da kod bolesnika dođe do promene mRS ako je bolesnik u grupi I. Pad mRS koji nastupa između trećeg i desetog dana nakon CEA je statistički visoko značajno izraženiji u grupi ranih CEA ( F 3,701 df 1 p=0,029). Kod bolesnika sa TIA u preko 60% slučajeva do&scaron;lo je do pada mRS, a kod onih koji su imali CVI u oko 25.5% (&chi;2 = 18.050; p &lt; 0.01). Kod Rankin skora podgrupe mRS&lt;3 i mRS3 je pad bio značajan i po vremenu (F 18,774; df 6; p=0,000) i po podgrupi ali je daleko brži pad zapažen u podgrupi mRS&lt;3(F 6,010; df 1; p=0,003). Zaključak: Rana CEA je jednako bezbedna kao i odložena CEA u pogledu incidence perioperativnog morbiditeta i mortaliteta. Ranom CEA se postiže znatno brži neurolo&scaron;ki oporavak pacijenata, naročito onih sa TIA i mRS&lt;3 skorom.</p> / <p>Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety of early carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in relation to the delayed CEA after acute ischemic neurological events (TIA / CVI). The second objective was to investigate whether there is a difference in speed of neurological recovery between these groups. Methods: A total of 157 patients in the prospective study followed 30 days postoperatively. Group I or early CEA, had 50 patients operated from 3 to 14 days after TIA / CVI event. Group II or delayed CEA, had 107 patients operated from 15 to 180 days after the TIA / CVI. Accompanied by the general and specific procedural morbidity and mortality in 30-day postoperative folow up. Rankin score (mRS) were used for evaluation of neurologic disability. In relation to the value of mRS score we formed two subgroups mRS &lt;3 i mRS3. In the statistical analysis we used the Pearson chi test, Student&#39;s test, ANOVA analysis of variance, Boniferony test and multiple analysis of variance for repeated measures (GLM- general line model), as well parametric and nonparametric correlation and regression. The significance level was 0.05. Results: The mean age was 66.72 years with 66.2% of males. In Group I is the average time to intervention was 9.5 days, and in group II 72.22 days. The groups were homogeneous in relation to risk factors and comorbidities. Group I had 54% of unstable atherosclerotic plaques compared with group II, where it was 31.8% (&chi;2 = 7.084; p &lt;0.01). In the group I TIA had 50% of respondents, while in group II CVI was 68.2% (&chi;2 = 4.825; p &lt;0.05). CVI to 1 cm in size were significantly more frequent in the group I, a CVI to 2 cm in group II (&chi;2 = 6.913; p &lt;0.05). CVI rate in the group I was 2.0%, and in group II was 2.8% (F = 0.083, p&gt; 0.05). Postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) in the group I is 2.0%, and in group II was 1.9%. Specific surgical morbidity rate in the group I and 4.0% in the group II 3.7%. In group I total morbidity was 6.0% in group II 7.5%, the difference was not statistically significant (F = 0.921; p&gt; 0.05). Mortality in both groups was not. CVI/IM/death rate in group I was 4.0% in group II was 4.7% (F = 0.122; p&gt; 0.05). Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for CVI/IM/death (&chi;2 = 4.083; p&lt;0.05). Improving mRS in the group I had 52% and in group II 31.8% of patients (&chi;2 = 5.903; p &lt;0.01). The relative risk was 2.4 times as much and is more likely to occur in patients mRS changes if the patient in group I. Improving mRS that occurs between the third and tenth days after CEA was highly statistically significantly greater in the group of early CEA (F 3,701 df 1 p = 0.029). In patients with TIA in 60% of cases there was a decline mRS, and those had CVI in about 25.5% (&chi;2 = 18.050; p &lt;0.01). In Rankin score subgroups mRS &lt;3 i mRS 3 the decline was significant and time (F 18,774; df 6; p =0.000) and in the subgroup but it is far more rapid decline observed in the subgroup mRS &lt;3 (F 6.010; df 1; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Early CEA is as safe as the delayed CEA in respect incidence of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Early CEA is achieved significantly faster recovery of neurological patients, especially those with TIA and mRS &lt;3 compared with delayed CEA.</p>

La scoliose idiopathique de l’adolescent (SIA) est le type de déformation musculosquelettique le plus fréquent dans la population pédiatrique, pour une prévalence d’environ 2,0%. Depuis l’arrêt des programmes scolaires de dépistage de la SIA dans les années 1980 au Canada, nous ne disposions d’aucune donnée sur l’utilisation des services de santé par les patients présentant une SIA suspectée. En l’absence de tels programmes, des changements dans les patrons d’utilisation des services spécialisés d’orthopédie pédiatrique sont anticipés. La thèse a donc pour but d’étudier la pertinence de la référence dans ces services des jeunes avec SIA suspectée. Elle est structurée autour de trois principaux objectifs. 1) Valider un instrument de mesure de la morbidité perçue (perception des symptômes) dans la clientèle d’orthopédie pédiatrique; 2) Étudier la relation entre la morbidité perçue par les profanes (le jeune et le parent) et la morbidité objectivée par les experts; 3) Caractériser les itinéraires de soins des patients avec SIA suspectée, de façon à en élaborer une taxonomie et à analyser les relations entre ceux-ci et la pertinence de la référence. En 2006-2007, une vaste enquête a été réalisée dans les cinq cliniques d’orthopédie pédiatrique du Sud-Ouest du Québec : 831 patients référés ont été recrutés. Ils furent classés selon des critères de pertinence de la référence (inappropriée, appropriée ou tardive) définis en fonction de l’amplitude de la courbe rachidienne et de la maturité squelettique à cette première visite. La morbidité perçue par les profanes a été opérationnalisée par la gravité, l’urgence, les douleurs, l’impact sur l’image de soi et la santé générale. L’ensemble des consultations médicales et paramédicales effectuées en amont de la consultation en orthopédie pédiatrique a été documenté par questionnaire auprès des familles. En s’appuyant sur le Modèle comportemental de l’utilisation des services d’Andersen, les facteurs (dits de facilitation et de capacité) individuels, relatifs aux professionnels et au système ont été considérés comme variables d’ajustement dans l’étude des relations entre la morbidité perçue ou les itinéraires de soins et la pertinence de la référence. Les principales conclusions de cette étude sont : i) Nous disposons d’instruments fidèles (alpha de Cronbach entre 0,79 et 0,86) et valides (validité de construit, concomitante et capacité discriminante) pour mesurer la perception de la morbidité dans la population adolescente francophone qui consulte en orthopédie pédiatrique; ii) Les profanes jouent un rôle important dans la suspicion de la scoliose (53% des cas) et leur perception de la morbidité est directement associée à la morbidité objectivée par les professionnels; iii) Le case-mix actuel en orthopédie est jugé non optimal en regard de la pertinence de la référence, les mécanismes actuels entraînant un nombre considérable de références inappropriées (38%) et tardives (18%) en soins spécialisés d’orthopédie pédiatrique; iv) Il existe une grande diversité de professionnels par qui sont vus les jeunes avec SIA suspectée ainsi qu’une variabilité des parcours de soins en amont de la consultation en orthopédie, et v) La continuité des soins manifestée dans les itinéraires, notamment via la source régulière de soins de l’enfant, est favorable à la diminution des références tardives (OR=0,32 [0,17-0,59]). Les retombées de cette thèse se veulent des contributions à l’avancement des connaissances et ouvrent sur des propositions d’initiatives de transfert des connaissances auprès des professionnels de la première ligne. De telles initiatives visent la sensibilisation à cette condition de santé et le soutien à la prise de décision de même qu’une meilleure coordination des demandes de consultation pour une référence appropriée et en temps opportun. / Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is the type of musculoskeletal deformity most frequently encountered in the pediatric population with a prevalence of approximately 2.0%. Since the Canadian school screening programs were discontinued in the 1980s, data detailing health service utilization or typical reference patterns for patients with suspected AIS are no longer available. Without such programs, changes in the utilization patterns of pediatric orthopedic specialized services are anticipated. The thesis therefore aims to study the appropriateness of referral of youths with suspected AIS. It comprises three main objectives: 1) To validate a measurement tool based on perceived morbidity (perception of the symptoms) in the orthopedic pediatric patient population, 2) To study the relationships between morbidity perceived by lay persons (the young patient and his parent), and the objective morbidity determined by medical professionals, 3) To characterize the healthcare service pathways of suspected AIS cases upstream of their first orthopedic consultation in order to define a taxonomy of the pathways and analyse their relationships with the appropriateness of referral. In 2006-2007, an extensive survey conducted in the five clinics serving southwest Quebec recruited 831 patients. They were categorized using criteria for the appropriateness of referral (inappropriate, appropriate or late) based on the amplitude of the main spinal curve and skeletal maturity at the first visit. Lay perceived morbidity was operationalized according to the seriousness, urgency, pain, self-image and general perceived health. Medical and paramedical visits upstream of the pediatric orthopedic consultation were documented with questionnaires to the families. Based on Andersen’s Health Behavior Model, the individual (facilitating and enabling), professional and systemic factors were considered as control variables in the study of associations between perceived morbidity or healthcare trajectories, and appropriateness of referral. The main conclusions of the thesis are: i) Reliable (Cronbach alpha between 0.79 and 0.86) and valid (construct, concurrent and discriminant validity) measurement tools are available to evaluate the perceived morbidity in the French-speaking adolescent population that consults in pediatric orthopedics, ii) Lay stakeholders play an important role in the suspicion of scoliosis (53% of cases) with their perceived morbidity directly related to the objective morbidity, and therefore associated to the appropriateness of referral, iii) The current orthopedic casemix is considered suboptimal with regards to the appropriateness of referral, and the actual mechanisms for reference are in fact responsible for a large number of inappropriate (38%) and late (18%) referrals to specialized pediatric orthopedic services, iv) Adolescents with suspected AIS consult with a wide range of health specialists resulting in a large variety of healthcare pathways upstream of the orthopedic consultation, and v) Continuity of healthcare services, mainly through a regular source of care for the child, is favourable to a reduction in late referrals (OR=0.32 [0.17-0.59]). This thesis is intended to contribute to the advancement of conceptual, empirical and applied knowledge leading to a series of knowledge translation initiatives targeting primary health care providers. Such initiatives have the potential to increase awareness of the condition, to support decision-making as well as to improve the coordination of consultation requests, thus promoting appropriateness and timeliness of referrals.

En dépit des taux élevés de mortalité infantile dans les populations du passé, les sujets décédés en période périnatale ont longtemps été délaissés dans les travaux anthropologiques et paléoanthropologiques. Alors que les analyses biologiques portant sur les individus adultes intègrent l’étude de la variabilité comme une composante majeure, rares sont celles permettant de replacer un individu décédé en période périnatale dans le cadre de la variabilité individuelle ou populationnelle de cette classe d’âge. Le présent travail se propose ainsi d’investir le sujet de la diversité métrique et non-métrique des sujets décédés entre 22 et 48 semaines d’aménorrhée à partir de l’étude biologique de 116 sujets de trois collections archéologiques (une kerma et deux médiévales et modernes) et d’une collection actuelle virtuelle comportant 364 individus. Un premier axe de recherche caractérise la variabilité des corpus dans ses composantes intra-individuelles, inter-individuelles, populationnelles, ainsi que du point de vue des corrélations à l’âge au décès. Un second axe de recherche vise à identifier des caractères permettant d’estimer l’état de morbidité et de vitalité à la naissance de l’individu, donnée déterminante pour le statut du sujet dans la société. Pour le premier axe, l’étude révèle des différences de conformation selon l’âge au décès et les groupes populationnels, de même que l’existence d’asymétries directionnelles et fluctuantes. Les résultats vont ensuite dans le sens d’une forte proximité biologique pour le groupe kerma, traduisant potentiellement une certaine endogamie, au contraire du groupe médiéval et moderne dont la diversité plus importante pourrait refléter des facteurs socio-géographiques ou séculaires. Le second axe de recherche a permis de souligner que la mécano-sensibilité des régions d’insertion musculaire apparaît comme un nouveau paramètre à considérer pour discerner les sujets ayant survécu à la naissance. L’étude de la collection kerma livre également la première identification en contexte archéologique d’un critère de morbidité spécifique, la côte surnuméraire cervicale. Enfin, le croisement des analyses biologiques et des données archéologiques de la nécropole 8B-51 de l’île de Saï, permet d’appréhender et de discuter les traitements funéraires dévolus à la classe d’âge périnatale au Kerma classique. / Despite the high rates of child mortality in past populations, subjects deceased in perinatal period were often neglected in bioarchaeological and paleoanthropology studies. Unlike biological analysis on adults, investigations on newborns rarely include individual or populational variability comparisons as a major component. In the present work, we will focus on metrical and non-metrical diversity of subject deceased between 22 and 48 amenorrhea weeks, based on the biological study of 116 subjects from three archaeological collections (one kerma and two medieval and modern) and one current virtual collection with 364 individuals. The first research axis characterizes the intra-individual, inter-individual and populational variability, and differences by age at death in both samples. The second line of research aims to identify criteria making it possible to estimate individual morbidity and live birth on dry bones, informations that are needed to understand the child’s position in society. Biological studies reveal for the first research axis shape differences by age at death and populations, as well as the existence of directional and fluctuating asymmetries. Results provide evidences of strong biological proximity in the kerma group, potentially indicating of endogamy. On the contrary, the diversity of the medieval and modern group appears broader and could reflect socio-geographical factors or secular trends. The second line of research reveals the mechanical sensitivity of muscular insertions as a key parameter for tracking of live-born subjects. The study of the kerma collection provides the first archaeological identification of the supernumerary cervical rib, detected as a morbidity criterion in perinatal period. Lastly, crossing of biological and archaeological data on the 8B-51 necropolis provides an interpretative framework for funerary treatments dedicated to the perinatal age group in Classic Kerma.

O crescente contingente de idosos associado à alta incidência de quedas e ao despreparo da população para o envelhecimento, juntamente com a incipiência das políticas públicas para o enfrentamento dessa real e difícil situação, serviu de motivação para este estudo, cuja relevância reside na busca de melhor compreender e dar visibilidade às causas de quedas de idosos, na perspectiva da morbidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e compreender as causas das quedas dos idosos assistidos nos serviços de saúde de Atenção Básica de uma Região de Porto Alegre/RS, no período de fevereiro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2005. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem de triangulação de métodos. Na abordagem quantitativa, foram identificados 96 agravos por Causas Externas, dos quais, 28 tiveram quedas. Na abordagem qualitativa foram entrevistados 13 idosos com quedas. Para coleta e análise de dados realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, genograma e diagrama de relações sociais, bem como foram fotografados os locais das quedas. A fim de sistematizar os dados quantitativos, utilizou-se o software EXCEL e na qualitativa, o NVivo 7.0 seguido do referencial de Análise de Conteúdo tipo temático. Os sujeitos entrevistados eram predominantemente mulheres, brancas, casadas, idade média de 74 anos e com baixa escolaridade, aposentados ou dependentes da aposentadoria dos cônjuges, com renda de um salário mínimo, sem renda adicional; residiam em casas de alvenaria, própria. Os relatos das causas de quedas mostraram que elas eram indissociáveis, inter-relacionadas, complexas e exigiam uma intervenção multidisciplinar, inter-setorial e uma ampla visão dos profissionais de saúde, além de uma franca negociação junto ao idoso e familiar, avaliando seu contexto e especificidade. Considera-se necessário desenvolver medidas preventivas e de controle com relação a quedas de idosos, incluindo Políticas Públicas e ações programáticas de saúde, orientadas para o espaço social e ambiental, potencialmente de maior risco de acidentes por Causas Externas, assim como, a adequação dos espaços públicos, o que deverá se constituir, sem dúvida, uma premência de nossa sociedade. / The growing number of elderly people, the high incidence of falls, the lack of preparation of the population to deal with aging as well as the incipiency of public policies to face such real and difficult context have been the motivation for this study, its relevance lies in the search for a broader understanding and better visibility of the causes of falls among the elderly from a morbidity perspective. The objective of this study was to learn and understand the causes of falls among the elderly assisted in Health Centers for Basic Care in a region in Porto Alegre/RS (Brazil) from February 2002 to February 2005. This is an exploratory and descriptive study adopting an approach of triangulation of methods. As for the quantitative approach, 96 injuries due to external causes were identified, 28 of which involved falls. For the qualitative approach, 13 elderly persons were interviewed. For data collection and analysis, semi-structured interviews, genograms and diagrams of social relationships were carried out. Pictures were also taken from the site of the falls. In order to systematize quantitative data, the software EXCEL was used. Subjects interviewed were predominantly white, married women with average age 74 and low educational background. They were retired or dependent on partners’ pension funds. Monthly income was a minimum wage and they had no additional source of income. They lived in houses made of brick and cement of their own. Reports on the causes of falls have shown they were non-dissociable, interconnected, complex and required multidisciplinary inter-sectorial intervention and a broad view of health professionals as well as frank negotiation with the elderly and their relatives by assessing their context and specificity. It is necessary to develop measures for the prevention and control in regard to falls among the elderly population, including public policies and programmatic health actions targeted at social and environmental spaces potentially more risky to accidents by external causes. That would include the adequacy of public spaces, without a doubt, one of our society’s preeminence. / El creciente contingente de ancianos associado de la alta incidencia de caídas y de la falta de preparo de la populación para el envejecimiento, juntamente con la insipiencia de las políticas públicas para el enfrentamiento de esa real y difícil situación, sirvió de motivación para este estudio, cuya relevancia reside en la busca de mejor comprender y dar visibilidad a las causas de caídas de ancianos, en la perspectiva de la morbidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer y comprender las causas de las caídas de los ancianos asistidos en los servicios de salud de Atención Básica de una Región de Porto Alegre/RS, en el período de febrero de 2002 a febrero de 2005. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con abordaje de triangulación de métodos. En el abordaje cuantitativo, fueron identificados 96 daños por Causas Externas, de los cuales, 28 tuvieron caídas. En el abordaje cualitativo fueron entrevistados 13 ancianos con caídas. Para recogimiento y análisis de datos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, genograma y diagrama de relaciones sociales, bien como fueron fotografiados los locales de las caídas. A fin de sistematizar los datos cuantitativos, se utilizó el software EXCEL y en la cualitativa, el NVivo 7.0 seguido del referencial de Análisis de Contenido tipo temático. Las personas entrevistadas eran predominantemente mujeres, blancas, casadas, edad mediana de 74 años y con baja escolaridad, jubiladas o dependientes de la jubilación de los cónyuges, con renta de un sueldo mínimo, sin renta adicional; vivían en casas de albañilería, propia. Los relatos de las causas de caídas mostraron que ellas eran indisociables, interrelacionadas, complejas y exigían una intervención multidisciplinar, intersectorial y una amplia visión de los profesionales de salud, además de una franca negociación junto al anciano y familiar, evaluando su contexto y especificidad. Se considera necesario desarrollar medidas preventivas y de control con relación a caídas de ancianos, incluyendo Políticas Públicas y acciones programáticas de salud, orientadas para el espacio social y ambiental, potencialmente de mayor riesgo de accidentes por Causas Externas, así como, la adecuación de los espacios públicos, lo que deberá se constituir, sin duda, una opresión de nuestra sociedad.

No description available.

Population-based administrative data (2009-2012) from several sources were used to compare the health status and access to health services between a cohort of children in care with developmental disabilities (DD) (n=1,212) and a matched comparison group of children in care without DD (n=2,424). The two study groups were compared on a number of measures, including total respiratory morbidity, prevalence of diabetes, mood and anxiety disorders, continuity of care, injury-related hospitalizations, hospital-based dental care, and total number of ambulatory physician visits. Children in care with DD were significantly more likely to have a history of mood and anxiety disorders, respiratory illnesses, diabetes, hospital-based dental care, and injury-related hospitalizations compared to the matched comparison group. Children in care with DD also had significantly higher number of physician visits than children in the matched comparison group. No significant difference between the two study groups was found for continuity of care. / October 2015

Thesis (M.Nurs.)(Hons)--University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 1996. / Title from electronic document (viewed 25/5/10) Includes bibliography.

O crescente contingente de idosos associado à alta incidência de quedas e ao despreparo da população para o envelhecimento, juntamente com a incipiência das políticas públicas para o enfrentamento dessa real e difícil situação, serviu de motivação para este estudo, cuja relevância reside na busca de melhor compreender e dar visibilidade às causas de quedas de idosos, na perspectiva da morbidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e compreender as causas das quedas dos idosos assistidos nos serviços de saúde de Atenção Básica de uma Região de Porto Alegre/RS, no período de fevereiro de 2002 a fevereiro de 2005. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem de triangulação de métodos. Na abordagem quantitativa, foram identificados 96 agravos por Causas Externas, dos quais, 28 tiveram quedas. Na abordagem qualitativa foram entrevistados 13 idosos com quedas. Para coleta e análise de dados realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, genograma e diagrama de relações sociais, bem como foram fotografados os locais das quedas. A fim de sistematizar os dados quantitativos, utilizou-se o software EXCEL e na qualitativa, o NVivo 7.0 seguido do referencial de Análise de Conteúdo tipo temático. Os sujeitos entrevistados eram predominantemente mulheres, brancas, casadas, idade média de 74 anos e com baixa escolaridade, aposentados ou dependentes da aposentadoria dos cônjuges, com renda de um salário mínimo, sem renda adicional; residiam em casas de alvenaria, própria. Os relatos das causas de quedas mostraram que elas eram indissociáveis, inter-relacionadas, complexas e exigiam uma intervenção multidisciplinar, inter-setorial e uma ampla visão dos profissionais de saúde, além de uma franca negociação junto ao idoso e familiar, avaliando seu contexto e especificidade. Considera-se necessário desenvolver medidas preventivas e de controle com relação a quedas de idosos, incluindo Políticas Públicas e ações programáticas de saúde, orientadas para o espaço social e ambiental, potencialmente de maior risco de acidentes por Causas Externas, assim como, a adequação dos espaços públicos, o que deverá se constituir, sem dúvida, uma premência de nossa sociedade. / The growing number of elderly people, the high incidence of falls, the lack of preparation of the population to deal with aging as well as the incipiency of public policies to face such real and difficult context have been the motivation for this study, its relevance lies in the search for a broader understanding and better visibility of the causes of falls among the elderly from a morbidity perspective. The objective of this study was to learn and understand the causes of falls among the elderly assisted in Health Centers for Basic Care in a region in Porto Alegre/RS (Brazil) from February 2002 to February 2005. This is an exploratory and descriptive study adopting an approach of triangulation of methods. As for the quantitative approach, 96 injuries due to external causes were identified, 28 of which involved falls. For the qualitative approach, 13 elderly persons were interviewed. For data collection and analysis, semi-structured interviews, genograms and diagrams of social relationships were carried out. Pictures were also taken from the site of the falls. In order to systematize quantitative data, the software EXCEL was used. Subjects interviewed were predominantly white, married women with average age 74 and low educational background. They were retired or dependent on partners’ pension funds. Monthly income was a minimum wage and they had no additional source of income. They lived in houses made of brick and cement of their own. Reports on the causes of falls have shown they were non-dissociable, interconnected, complex and required multidisciplinary inter-sectorial intervention and a broad view of health professionals as well as frank negotiation with the elderly and their relatives by assessing their context and specificity. It is necessary to develop measures for the prevention and control in regard to falls among the elderly population, including public policies and programmatic health actions targeted at social and environmental spaces potentially more risky to accidents by external causes. That would include the adequacy of public spaces, without a doubt, one of our society’s preeminence. / El creciente contingente de ancianos associado de la alta incidencia de caídas y de la falta de preparo de la populación para el envejecimiento, juntamente con la insipiencia de las políticas públicas para el enfrentamiento de esa real y difícil situación, sirvió de motivación para este estudio, cuya relevancia reside en la busca de mejor comprender y dar visibilidad a las causas de caídas de ancianos, en la perspectiva de la morbidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer y comprender las causas de las caídas de los ancianos asistidos en los servicios de salud de Atención Básica de una Región de Porto Alegre/RS, en el período de febrero de 2002 a febrero de 2005. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo, con abordaje de triangulación de métodos. En el abordaje cuantitativo, fueron identificados 96 daños por Causas Externas, de los cuales, 28 tuvieron caídas. En el abordaje cualitativo fueron entrevistados 13 ancianos con caídas. Para recogimiento y análisis de datos se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, genograma y diagrama de relaciones sociales, bien como fueron fotografiados los locales de las caídas. A fin de sistematizar los datos cuantitativos, se utilizó el software EXCEL y en la cualitativa, el NVivo 7.0 seguido del referencial de Análisis de Contenido tipo temático. Las personas entrevistadas eran predominantemente mujeres, blancas, casadas, edad mediana de 74 años y con baja escolaridad, jubiladas o dependientes de la jubilación de los cónyuges, con renta de un sueldo mínimo, sin renta adicional; vivían en casas de albañilería, propia. Los relatos de las causas de caídas mostraron que ellas eran indisociables, interrelacionadas, complejas y exigían una intervención multidisciplinar, intersectorial y una amplia visión de los profesionales de salud, además de una franca negociación junto al anciano y familiar, evaluando su contexto y especificidad. Se considera necesario desarrollar medidas preventivas y de control con relación a caídas de ancianos, incluyendo Políticas Públicas y acciones programáticas de salud, orientadas para el espacio social y ambiental, potencialmente de mayor riesgo de accidentes por Causas Externas, así como, la adecuación de los espacios públicos, lo que deberá se constituir, sin duda, una opresión de nuestra sociedad.