Thesis (M.Phil.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.S..)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Steven McClung, Florida State University, College of Communication, Dept. of Communication. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 7, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 54 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

The effects of using limited precision floating point for intermediate storage in an embedded MP3 decoder are investigated in this thesis. The advantages of using limited precision is that the values need shorter word lengths and thus a smaller memory for storage. The official reference decoder was modified so that the effects of different word lengths and algorithms could be examined. Finally, a software and hardware prototype was implemented that uses 16-bit wide memory for intermediate storage. The prototype is classified as a limited accuracy MP3 decoder. Only layer III is supported. The decoder could easily be extended to a full precision MP3 decoder if a corresponding increase in memory usage was accepted.

Submitted by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2011-11-21T10:36:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1417928.pdf: 4248148 bytes, checksum: e2f47a82b8b6f05c2d2f979e7596b3f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2011-11-21T10:37:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1417928.pdf: 4248148 bytes, checksum: e2f47a82b8b6f05c2d2f979e7596b3f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Estagiário SPT BMHS (spt@fgv.br) on 2011-11-21T10:37:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1417928.pdf: 4248148 bytes, checksum: e2f47a82b8b6f05c2d2f979e7596b3f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-21T10:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1417928.pdf: 4248148 bytes, checksum: e2f47a82b8b6f05c2d2f979e7596b3f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A disseminação do formato mp3 como padrão para arquivos de música, aliada ao crescimento da Internet, fez surgir uma poderosa rede de distribuição de música online. A extrema disponibilidade, diversidade de escolha e facilidade de acesso para quem possui banda larga em seus computadores fez crescer o download de músicas pela Internet, revolucionando o mundo fonográfico. O objetivo geral deste estudo é identificar quais fatores, na perspectiva do consumidor, têm maior influência no download gratuito de música pela Internet através de uma pesquisa exploratória de duas fases. Na primeira fase, qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas não estruturadas com usuários e consumidores de redes peer-to-peer de download de música pela Internet e entrevista semi-estruturada com um ex-executivo da indústria fonográfica. Na fase seguinte, quantitativa, foram aplicados questionários estruturados a pessoas que efetuam download de música pela Internet. Adotou-se a regressão linear múltipla como modelo para interpretar os dados colhidos junto à amostra e testar as hipóteses relacionadas as variáveis: acessibilidade ao produto, percepção de injustiça no preço e faixa etária. Os resultados sugerem a não rejeição das três hipóteses estudadas. / The dissemination of the mp3 format as standard for archives of music, coupled with the growth of the Internet, has shown a powerful network of online distribution of musico The extreme availability, diversity of choice and ease of access for those who have broadband on their computers grew to download songs over the Internet, revolutionizing the world phonographic. The aim of this study is to identify which factors, from the perspective of consumers, have more influence on the free download of music via the Internet through an exploratory research in two phases. In the first phase, qualitative, unstructured interviews were conducted with consumers and users of peer-to-peer downloading of music over the Internet and semistructured interview with a former executive of the music industry. In the following phase, quantitative, structured questionnaires were applied to people who download music from the Internet. It was adopted a multiple linear regression model to interpret the data collected from the sample and to test the hypotheses: product accessibility, perceptions of injustice in the price and age. The results suggest not rejecting the three studied hypotheses.

<p>Abstrakt (svenska)</p><p>Bakgrund: Piratkopieringen bara ökar och ökar. Program-, spel- och musikbranschen har idag stora problem. En i stort sett okunnig användare kan fixa en nyutgiven skiva innan den nått butikerna på grund av piratkopieringen. Detta problem möjliggörs genom att ingen bra lösning finns i form av fungerande kopieringsskydd samt att fildelningstjänsterna får stort spelrum. Vi går in specifikt och undersöker musikbranschen.</p><p>Syfte: Fördjupa oss i begreppet piratkopiering. Vidare vill vi upplysa och informera såväl musikbranschen som användare om problemet och dess framtid. Vi hoppas att det resultat vi kommer fram till kan ge underlag för vidare forskning.</p><p>Metod: Vår information har tagits från artiklar på Internet samt från litteratur vi ansett vara aktuell. Telefonintervjuer har skett med Magnus Mårtensson, IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), programjuristen Anna Burén på Sveriges Radio, Per Sandin,</p><p>General manager EMI marketing samt ett flertal Internetleverantörer. Vi har dessutom sammanställt en enkät som besvarats av en mängd personer.</p><p>Resultat: Många av gårdagens skivköpare anser att priset för en CD-skiva är för dyrt idag. Man har upptäckt piratkopieringen med dess obegränsade funktioner samt insett hur lätt det är att få tag på gratis musik utan repressalier, vilket beror på den idag vaga och ej alltför avskräckande lagstiftningen. Musikbolagen förlorar pengar och höjer därmed priserna för skivorna samtidigt som de aktivt arbetar för att hitta det perfekta kopieringsskyddet eller för att komma på någon annan strålande lösning. Framtiden ser oviss ut och för tillfället har</p><p>piratkopierarna och fildelningstjänsterna trumf på hand.</p><p>Nyckelord: Mp3, CD, Kopieringsskydd, Fildelningstjänster, Upphovsrätt och Musikintressenter.</p> / <p>Abstract (English)</p><p>Background: Illegal copying increases rapidly. Software-, game- and music industry are experiencing troubled times at the moment. Today, a practically ignorant person would have no problems to get hold of a newly published record before it reaches the stores because of the</p><p>illegal copying. This problem is made possible due to that no good solution exists. Copy protection isn’t good enough and peer-to-peer-networks are bigger than ever. In this work we will examine specifically the music industry.</p><p>Purpose: We will specialize in the term of illegal copying. Further we want to enlight and inform the music industry as well as the users of the problem and it´s future. We hope the result we will achieve can be a foundation for further research.</p><p>Realization: We have gathered our information from articles on the Internet and also from updated literature. Interviews were made over the phone with Magnus Mårtensson, IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), Anna Burén, lawyer of copyright at</p><p>Swedish Radio, Per Sandin, General manager EMI marketing and also a lot of Internetsuppliers. We have also compilated an inquiry which has been replied to by many people.</p><p>Conclusion: Many of the buyers from the past consider the cost of a CD far too high. Instead they have discovered the illegal copying and its unlimited functions. They have also realized how easy you can get new music without reprisals, which mostly depends on the vague and</p><p>not to scary laws. Music companies are losing money and therefore they raise the prize of a single CD, simultaneously as they work to find the perfect copy protection. The future looks uncertain and for the moment, those who are copying along with peer-to-peer-networks have</p><p>all the trumps.</p><p>Keywords: mp3, CD, copy-protection, peer-to-peer-networks, copyright, illegal copying, music companies.</p>

Orientador: Jose Eduardo Ribeiro de Paiva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T16:40:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tonelli_MarcioJose_M.pdf: 9221864 bytes, checksum: ef171c3087236cc6e9b1afc9f845ce22 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal discutir o impacto das redes móveis de comunicação nas atividades de criação, produção, divulgação, distribuição e acesso de música digital pelos usuários, considerando-se a tendência predominante no século 21 de criação de conteúdo informacional e de entretenimento por parte dos próprios usuários do ciberespaço. São analisados fenômenos como redes sociais e comunidades virtuais, nomadismo e tribalização, cibercultura e ciberespaço, interatividade, podeasting e a transformação do telefone celular numa nova mídia. Adicionalmente foi apresentado o aplicativo MobiDJ de composição de tones polifônicos, como uma ferramenta alinhada com a filosofia de conteúdo gerado pelo usuário (UGC - User Generated Content) e desenvolvida como um estudo de caso para embasamento deste trabalho. / Abstract:This dissertation has as its main objéetive the diseussion of the impaet of mobile eommunieations networks on the aetivities of ereation, produetion, promotion, distribution and digital musie aeeess by users taking into eonsideration the main trend of the 21 eentury of ereation of information and entertainment eontent by the end-users of eyberspaee themselves. Phenomena sueh as social networks and virtual eommunities, nomadism e tribal groups, eyber eulture and eyberspaee, interaetivity, podeasting and the transformation of eellular phones into a new media are analyzed. In addition the applieation software MobiDJ, an online platform for polyphonie tone eomposition was presented as a tool aligned with the philosophy of eontent generated by the end-user (UGC - User Generated Content) and developed as a ease study as rationale for this dissertation. / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios

Abstrakt (svenska) Bakgrund: Piratkopieringen bara ökar och ökar. Program-, spel- och musikbranschen har idag stora problem. En i stort sett okunnig användare kan fixa en nyutgiven skiva innan den nått butikerna på grund av piratkopieringen. Detta problem möjliggörs genom att ingen bra lösning finns i form av fungerande kopieringsskydd samt att fildelningstjänsterna får stort spelrum. Vi går in specifikt och undersöker musikbranschen. Syfte: Fördjupa oss i begreppet piratkopiering. Vidare vill vi upplysa och informera såväl musikbranschen som användare om problemet och dess framtid. Vi hoppas att det resultat vi kommer fram till kan ge underlag för vidare forskning. Metod: Vår information har tagits från artiklar på Internet samt från litteratur vi ansett vara aktuell. Telefonintervjuer har skett med Magnus Mårtensson, IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), programjuristen Anna Burén på Sveriges Radio, Per Sandin, General manager EMI marketing samt ett flertal Internetleverantörer. Vi har dessutom sammanställt en enkät som besvarats av en mängd personer. Resultat: Många av gårdagens skivköpare anser att priset för en CD-skiva är för dyrt idag. Man har upptäckt piratkopieringen med dess obegränsade funktioner samt insett hur lätt det är att få tag på gratis musik utan repressalier, vilket beror på den idag vaga och ej alltför avskräckande lagstiftningen. Musikbolagen förlorar pengar och höjer därmed priserna för skivorna samtidigt som de aktivt arbetar för att hitta det perfekta kopieringsskyddet eller för att komma på någon annan strålande lösning. Framtiden ser oviss ut och för tillfället har piratkopierarna och fildelningstjänsterna trumf på hand. Nyckelord: Mp3, CD, Kopieringsskydd, Fildelningstjänster, Upphovsrätt och Musikintressenter. / Abstract (English) Background: Illegal copying increases rapidly. Software-, game- and music industry are experiencing troubled times at the moment. Today, a practically ignorant person would have no problems to get hold of a newly published record before it reaches the stores because of the illegal copying. This problem is made possible due to that no good solution exists. Copy protection isn’t good enough and peer-to-peer-networks are bigger than ever. In this work we will examine specifically the music industry. Purpose: We will specialize in the term of illegal copying. Further we want to enlight and inform the music industry as well as the users of the problem and it´s future. We hope the result we will achieve can be a foundation for further research. Realization: We have gathered our information from articles on the Internet and also from updated literature. Interviews were made over the phone with Magnus Mårtensson, IFPI (International Federation of the Phonographic Industry), Anna Burén, lawyer of copyright at Swedish Radio, Per Sandin, General manager EMI marketing and also a lot of Internetsuppliers. We have also compilated an inquiry which has been replied to by many people. Conclusion: Many of the buyers from the past consider the cost of a CD far too high. Instead they have discovered the illegal copying and its unlimited functions. They have also realized how easy you can get new music without reprisals, which mostly depends on the vague and not to scary laws. Music companies are losing money and therefore they raise the prize of a single CD, simultaneously as they work to find the perfect copy protection. The future looks uncertain and for the moment, those who are copying along with peer-to-peer-networks have all the trumps. Keywords: mp3, CD, copy-protection, peer-to-peer-networks, copyright, illegal copying, music companies.

[pt] Após a análise estratégica da indústria fonográfica brasileira,através da aplicação do Modelo de Porter -1980- ,verificou-se que a mesma está sendo ameaçada, no curto e longo prazo, pelos seguintes fatores: a concorrência com a pirataria crescente; a possível substituição pelo intercâmbio gratuito de MP3 via Internet; a ambigüidade estratégica de várias gravadoras; a ausência de marketing de marca, bem como do relacionamento com consumidores finais e artistas;e o absoluto desconhecimento a respeito de como os CDs são atualmente consumidos. Este conjunto de fatores indica um cenário pouco promissor para a indústria. Além disto, apesar das gravadoras procurarem se manter à frente das mudanças no seu meio, os esforços pró-ativos parecem ser realizados sem o devido planejamento, gerando ações aleatórias.Conseqüentemente,as medidas adotadas dificilmente alcançarão os resultados almejados. Sendo assim,é mister desenvolver novas abordagens que assegurem, entre outros aspectos, valor agregado à comercialização de CDs ? no curto prazo, e ao formato streaming? no longo prazo; tudo isto para que as gravadoras possam enfrentar, com eficácia, as tendências emergentes. / [en] The strategic analysis of the Brazilian phonographic industry,under the Porter Model -1980-, demonstrates that this industry is being threatened, on the short and long- terms, by the following factors: the competition with escalating piracy; the possible substitution of CDs by free MP3 exchange available on the Internet; the strategic ambiguity of many recording companies; the absence of brand marketing, as well as relationship marketing with end-users and artists; and the absolute lack of knowledge on how CDs are consumed nowadays. These combined factors depict a less-than-promising scenario for the industry. Furthermore, although recording industries demonstrate an interest in keeping ahead of environment changes, pro-active efforts appear to be made without due diligence, generating new measures at random.Consequently, it will be difficult to achieve the expected results. Hence, new approaches must be devised to, among other issues, ensure aggregated value to CD commercialization - on the short-term, and to the streaming format - on the long-term, and, thus, empower the industry to successfully pursue its role within the emerging trends.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernanda Gelsomini Villas Boas Francois Chiarelli.pdf: 603904 bytes, checksum: 10cf04769ca019aeb839c018992c1755 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The use of portable listening devices (PLD), among teenagers, has grown and caused an increase in time exposure to high sound pressure levels. Is important to know the hearing habits of a group of young people from a private school and a public school in the city of São Paulo and to verify the level of awareness about the potential hearing damage caused by improper and prolonged exposure to high levels of loudness in recreational activities in order to promote good hearing habits. Objective: to investigate the hearing habits of teenagers from 14 to 18 years of age regarding to the use of portable listening devices, situations experienced after the use of devices and hearing loss prevention measures. Method: This is a cross-sectional study in a population of adolescents between 14 and18 years of age. The questionnaire used was based on a research conducted by Zogby et al. (2006). Method: the questionnarie was given by the researcher and answered by the students at home. The descriptive results analysis and association analysis were carried out through the chi- square and the Fisher s exact tests . Results: the sample was constituted by 86 students from 14 to 18 years old. The results show that more than 73,9% of the students , males and females, and of the two schools use music portable devices with earphones. In general, boys use the PLD in a higher volume, during more hours and many times during a week. The answer pattern for girls from public schools is similar to the boys from private schools. The general pattern for both boys and girls, shows that the higher volume comes in association to a major frequency of use. 60% of the students use computer/ laptop with earphones. 100% of the girls from public school use VI mobile phone with earphones, in private schools we found 60% for girls and 72,6 % for boys. Girls are more inclined to reduce the time of using and the volume of the PLD. 50% frequent parties /shows / samba school rehearsal. The hearing symptoms and extra-symptoms aren t different between males and females. The girls from private school, regarding to the public school, showed a minor interest in using hearing protection, and to know the influence of the sound pollution and to participate of hearing health. The students that use PLD / mobile phones showed more need in rising the volume of the TV/ radio, beside saying ham and feeling more tired. The boys that are inclined to use hearing protection, demonstrate worry concerning to lose hearing. Conclusion: The use of portable listening devices with earphones and mobile phones is a common habit among teenagers. Go to parties and shows are, at least, part of the daily life of the half of the analysed public. The interference of these facts in the hearing health of this population is already noticed by part of it. Although this behavior is settled among adolescents, we can see a tendency to a change of habits and a worry in losing the hearing datas that can benefit the implementation of hearing health at schools / O uso de dispositivos portáteis de música (DPM) entre adolescentes tem crescido e provocado aumento no tempo de exposição à elevados níveis de pressão sonora. É importante conhecer os hábitos auditivos e a forma como os adolescentes se comportam diante de situações ruidosas para verificar seu nível de consciência sobre os potenciais riscos auditivos e extra auditivos a que se expõem nas atividades de lazer. Objetivos: investigar os hábitos auditivos de adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos de idade. Método: estudo transversal em uma população de adolescentes entre 14 e 18 anos de idade de uma escola particular e de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Foi utilizado um questionário sobre hábitos auditivos baseado na pesquisa de Zogby et al. (2006). O instrumento foi entregue pela pesquisadora e respondido em casa pelos alunos. Foi realizada análise descritiva dos resultados e análise de associação através dos testes quiquadrado e exatos de Fisher. Resultados: a amostra foi constituída por 86 estudantes com idade entre 14 e 18 anos. Os resultados mostram que mais de 73,9% dos alunos de ambos os sexos e das duas escolas usam dispositivos portáteis de música com fones de ouvido. Meninos geralmente utilizam os DPM em volume mais alto, por mais horas e várias vezes durante a semana. O padrão de respostas para as meninas da escola pública se assemelha ao dos meninos da escola particular. O padrão geral de respostas para ambos os sexos mostra que geralmente o volume mais alto vem IV associado a uma maior frequência de uso. 60% dos alunos utilizam computador / laptop com fones de ouvido. 100% das meninas da escola pública utilizam telefone celular com fones de ouvido, na escola particular encontramos 60% para as meninas e 72,6% dos meninos. As meninas são mais propensas a diminuir o tempo de uso e o volume dos DPM. 50% frequentam baladas / shows / ensaios de escola de samba. Os sintomas auditivos e extra-auditivos não diferem entre os sexos. As meninas da escola particular, em relação à escola pública, apresentaram menor interesse em utilizar proteção auditiva, conhecer a influência da poluição sonora e participar de programas de saúde auditiva. Os alunos que utilizam DPM / telefones celulares apresentaram maior necessidade de aumentar o volume da TV / rádio, apresentaram necessidade de falar ham e sentiram-se mais cansados. Os meninos que estão propensos a usar proteção auditiva apresentam preocupação em perder a audição. Conclusão: a utilização de dispositivos portáteis de música com fones de ouvido e de telefones celulares é um hábito generalizado entre os adolescentes. Frequentar baladas e shows também faz parte do cotidiano de pelo menos metade do público analisado. A interferência desses fatos na saúde auditiva dessa população já é notada por parte dela. Embora esse comportamento esteja arraigado entre os adolescentes, observa-se uma propensão à mudança de hábitos e uma preocupação em perder a audição dados que podem favorecer a implementação de programas de saúde auditiva nas escolas

本研究引用「組織生態學」中的「利基理論」，試圖探討比較網路購買CD以及網路下載音樂這兩種新型態獲得音樂產品的方式對傳統店鋪購買CD的影響，藉以瞭解這三種型態的彼此間的關係與競爭態勢。本研究之研究問題如下： 1. 不同音樂取得方式在不同因素資源的利基寬度差異情況為何？屬專才(specialist)或是通才(generalist)？ 2. 不同音樂取得方式在不同因素資源的利基重疊情況如何？彼此間屬「替代品」(substitute goods)或「互補品」(complement goods)？ 3. 不同音樂取得方式在不同資源因素的利基優勢高低情況如何？ 本研究以網路問卷方式，針對兼具三種音樂取得經驗受試者調查，所得主要結論包括： 1. 從族群依賴消費者/閱聽人資源的情形來看，店鋪購買CD最傾向通才(generalist)，網路下載音樂最傾向專才(specialist)。 2. 從族群依賴消費者/閱聽人資源的情形來看，店鋪購買CD、網路購買CD、網路下載音樂在不同資源因素的利基重疊情況分別是店鋪購買CD與網路購買CD之間競爭激烈，彼此間傾向屬於「替代品」(substitute goods)，網路購買CD與網路下載音樂同樣也競爭激烈，而店鋪購買CD與網路下載音樂則競爭最緩和，彼此間傾向屬於「互補品」(complement goods)。 3. 從族群依賴消費者/閱聽人資源的情形來看，店鋪購買CD、網路購買CD、網路下載音樂在不同資源因素的利基優勢分別是店鋪購買CD最具優勢，其次是網路購買CD，而網路下載音樂最不具優勢。