Syftet med studien är att se hur upprättade åtgärder överensstämmer med resultatet på det nationella provet i svenska i skolår 5, samt att studera vilken typ av åtgärder som nedtecknats. Syftet är också att granska specialpedagogens roll vid arbetet med de elever som inte nådde målen. De teoretiska ramar vi valt för denna studie baserar sig på författares och forskares böcker och forskningsresultat vilka behandlar ovanstående ämne. För att utföra denna studie har vi intervjuat två lärare och två specialpedagoger på två olika skolor och i två olika klasser. I de två klasserna finns tio elever i behov av särskilt stöd. De dokument vi använt oss av är nationella provet i svenska i skolår 5 och åtgärdsprogrammen för dessa elever. Vår studie visar att det finns mycket få brister i överstämmelsen mellan de åtgärder eleverna erhållit och de svårigheter de uppvisat på provet. / The purpose of this study is to examine if actions written down in the action program is consistent with the results pupils reach in the national sample in Swedish in school year 5 and to study what sort of actions teachers write down. The purpose is also to find out what roll the special teacher has in the work with the pupils that did not pass the national sample. The theoretical framework we have chosen for this study is based on the writers and researchers, books and researches which deals with the above topic. To perform this study, we interviewed two teachers and two special educators in two different schools and in two different classes. In the two classes are ten pupils in need of special support. The documents we made use of are the national sample in Swedish in school year 5 and action programs for these pupils. Our study shows that there are very few shortcomings in consistency between the actions the students received and the difficulties they have shown in the sample.

Word of mouth (WOM) communication has been a form of additional information for consumers wishing to make a purchase decision where there was uncertainty, lack of knowledge or just a general desire for more information. The increased access and use of social media as well as anonymous opportunities for consumers to provide their reviews on products or services is changing how WOM is used and sought. There is little research on the impact and use of WOM with respect to consumer decision making in a recreation and leisure context. Much research has been focussed on retail experiences and more tangible outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the process consumers undertake to seek out, listen and engage in WOM communication when making service purchase decisions. This study took place in a municipality in York Region that offered swimming lessons to the public. Participants were chosen using convenience sampling methodology. 500 surveys were distributed with 301 returned surveys completed to some degree. Study participants were recruited from observers watching a swim class offered by a municipal recreation provider. The survey instrument asked participants to describe themselves in terms of their experience level with municipal recreation programs. It also included three scales relating to susceptibility to influence, self confidence and need for cognition. Participants were exposed to one of five scenarios – one control message contained no treatment information and four scenarios with treatment messages relating to self-confidence and perceived risk. Treatment group members received information suggesting either high and low levels of perceived risk with purchase and high and low levels of self-confidence with knowledge (regarding the purchase decision). Respondents in this study possessed a very high level of self confidence in their program selections; they knew where to find the information and also how to explore program options. Overall this seemed a very well informed and confident group. Results suggest that susceptibility to influence (t = 5.889, p = .000) and self confidence (t = -2.174, p = .037) influenced their search for WOM communication. Need for cognition did not influence the likelihood they would seek WOM communication (t = -1.098, p = .280). Together all three variables explained 50% of the variance (adjusted R2 = .505) in the dependent variable (likelihood they would seek out WOM to make the purchase). These results indicate that participants were more likely to seek WOM when they were susceptible to influence and when their self confidence levels were low. Results also suggest that consumers were open to on line sources of word of mouth communication. More than that, study participants were generally willing to trust online reviews from people who were not necessarily known to them. As a result, online reviews could greatly influence the program registration numbers. A key question for future research could focus on the role shared experience plays in the evolution of trust between strangers. Many of these respondents would trust the advice of others simply because they reported having shared experience. How far does this trust go? How much risk must be present before they hesitate to take advice from unknown individuals? What are the characteristics or traits that consumers look for when assessing the validity of the reviews. Word of mouth seems a very pervasive and resilient concept. This may be particularly important in situations characterized by risk. Additional research could further explore the concept of word of finger and its influence on the traditional concept of WOM communication.

This graduate report is a description of my artistic development through the graduate program at the University of Texas at Austin. It records my development and growth as an artist in relationship to the concepts, materials, and processes I have been investigating and exploring in the past three years. The graduate report focuses on three important concerns to which I’ve been dedicated. First, materials are imperative to my work. I physically collect and use my father’s ordinary objects and transform them with raw materials, such as clay, flour, honey, chocolate, beeswax, and petroleum jelly. The decision of choosing raw materials is based on my personal and cultural experiences. I am particularly interested in exploiting raw materials because I believe these raw materials can trigger a particular memory, place, or relationship that I want to preserve and remember. Second, my process of making involves ritualistic aspects with repetitive acts. I believe that everyday practices are a way of reconstructing relationships and remembering home. I am interested in embracing emotional attributes that may be simple activities: spraying a piece daily to keep it wet or sewing a personal object until it is impossible to sew. Finally, through the relationship among the objects, repeated actions, and an anticipation that evokes magical power and charged energy, I methodically transform objects. I do this to celebrate emotions and to preserve not only these personal objects but also my memories of home. / text

隨著數位時代的來臨，數位食譜的發展蔚為風潮，也以各種形式進行行銷推廣，再加上以文化融入創意、行銷而廣受歡迎的文化創意產業也相當風行，如何將文化價值帶入數位食譜中，創造新的火花，值得探究。 本研究以量化之網路問卷為主、質化之深度訪談法為輔，利用動機理論的概念及Maslow(1943)的需求理論了解數位食譜使用者使用數位食譜的動機、需求，另運用Davis et al.(1989)提出的科技接受模型、張銀益等人(2010)提出的手機線上遊戲特性進行延伸，做為使用者需求問卷調查的評測及分析指標，並依照以下項目分別對使用者的想法進行探討：(1)使用動機與需求、(2)知覺價值、(3)數位食譜三大平台特性與使用意願、(4)數位食譜行銷策略、(5)手繪插畫與數位食譜結合之吸引力。探討數位食譜的發展現況及行銷策略則以質化之深度訪談法進行，訪談國內數位食譜網站愛料理、多多開伙，外國案例則是美國手繪食譜網站They Draw & Cook，並且發現現有數位食譜平台主要的行銷策略以依照節慶或食材進行主題式的行銷活動居多，除了數位食譜網站/App本身的食譜內容外，常見的行銷方式則為(1)社群媒體、(2)異業合作與置入、(3)實體產品發行或實體活動。創新行銷案例探討則以覺旅咖啡為對象，以質化之深度訪談法了解其創新行銷方式，並發現覺旅咖啡將文化價值深植於體驗行銷的概念是數位食譜平台應該加以學習、深化的行銷方式。綜合以上結果，本研究對研究結果進行分析及整理，並對數位食譜的行銷策略與發展提出建議。 最後，本文將研究結果運用於輔助、支持Illuscook+的創作發展與功能設計，將 Illuscook+做為數位食譜創新行銷策略的構想場域，在「資訊有用性」、「介面易用性」及「使用趣味性」上均收到使用者相當良好的評價，未來可持續發展為具有完整功能的數位食譜資訊整合平台。 / With the advent of digital age, the development of digital recipes is a growing trend, they market and promote themselves in various forms. Besides, the cultural and creative industries which integrate culture, creation and marketing are quite popular, bringing cultural values into digital recipes and creating new spark are worth exploring. In this study, researcher used online questionnaires and depth interviews to understand users’ motivations and needs of using digital recipes, supplemented by motivation theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs (1943), also used TAM by Davis et al. (1989) and mobile online games features by Chang Yin-Yih et al. (2010) as the indicators of evaluation and analysis of questionnaires. This study used the following items to discuss user’s ideas of digital recipes: (1)usage motivations and needs, (2)perceived value, (3)the relations between three characteristics of digital recipe platforms and willingness to use, (4)marketing strategies of digit recipes, (5)the attraction of combining hand-drawn illustration and digital recipe. Researcher explored the current development and marketing strategies of digital recipes in depth interviews, using iCook, dodocook and They Draw & Cook as subjects. Through the results of interviews, the main marketing strategy of existing digital recipes platform is theme-based marketing activities in accordance with festivals or ingredients, and in addition to their own recipe content of digital recipe website / App, the common ways of their marketing are: (1)social media, (2)cross-sector cooperation and placement, (3)release actual products or hold actual activities. Depth interview was also used to know the innovative marketing of Journey Kaffe, and found that its concept of making cultural values deeply rooted in the experiential marketing is the way that digital recipes platform should learn. Based on the above results, this research analyzed and organized the findings, and made recommendations of digital marketing strategies and development. Finally, the results of study was used to support the development and functional design of Illuscook+, made it a field to realize the innovative marketing ideas of digital recipes, and had received pretty good feedback from users in "information usefulness", "interface usability" and "usage interesting", may develop as a fully functional digital recipe platform in the future.

No description available.

SUMMARY THE NEED OF HEALTH CARE SERVICES AT THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF ALYTUS TOWN Author: Daiva Kubiliene Supervisor: Linas Sumskas, PhD, Assoc. Professor, Department of Preventive Medicine, faculty of Public Health, Kaunas University of Medicine Aim of study. To evaluate the need of health care services in the secondary schools of Alytus. Objectives: 1. To assess the health and health behavioral problems in school-aged children. 2. To evaluate the attitudes of parents to the need of health care services at the secondary schools. 3. To evaluate the attitudes of staff of health care services at school about the provision of health care services in school settings. Methods. Questionnaire survey was carried out in parents of school-aged children of 3rd, 7th and 11th grades at the secondary schools in Alytus town in 2004. 216 respondents were selected for the study, 161 (74.5%) of them have filled in the questionnaire forms (response rate – 74.5%). A set of questions was addressed to parents in order to clarify parents’ attitudes about the health care services at schools. Also another questionnaire was developed for health care specialists of secondary schools: 9 from 12 have responded (75.0%). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 10; criterion and p<0.05 confidence level was used for comparison between the variables. Results. Health care services were provided for students at all 18 secondary schools in Alytus. 12 health care specialists were conducting their duties... [to full text]

Šiame darbe nagrinėjama geležinkelio vagonų, reikalingų tam tikros apimties krovinių vežimams, poreikio problema. Ypatingas dėmesys atkreipiamas į vagonų parko rezervo sudarymą. Pagal pateiktas matematines formules, įvertinus visas vagonų eksploatavimo sąnaudas, nustatomas reikalingų vagonų skaičius. Taip pat yra aprašomas „MS Excel“ programa sudarytas matematinis modelis operatyviniam bei planiniam vagonų poreikiui apskaičiuoti. Šiuo modeliu apskaičiuota reikšmė yra optimali ir yra 1,4 % mažesnė, negu vagono poreikio reikšmė, apskaičiuota remiantis praėjusių metų statistiniais rezultatais. Siekiant visapusiškai išnagrinėti problemą, papildomai buvo tiriamas prekinių vagonų parko amžius, atlikta vagonų prastovų laiko analizė, nustatyti prekinių vagonų poreikio ekonominiai aspektai. / This paper considers the need of the rail cars for the determined volume of the freight traffic. The special attention is drawn to the composition of the railway wagon reserve park. The mathematical equations evaluating the operational elements of the wagons are determined. An experimental mathematical model which describes the operational need of wagons is calculated using supportive software Excel; the model estimates that the optimized need for wagons are by 1.4 % lower then the need has been calculated by last year statistical data. Furthermore the work also observes the performance and the age of the freight Wagon Park. The analysis performed to analyze the wagons idle time and other economic issues concerning the matter of the freight wagons are observed.

Un atout majeur des organisations consiste en leur capacité à créer et exploiter l’information et les connaissances, capacité déterminée entre autres par les comportements informationnels. Chargés de décisions stratégiques, tactiques et opérationnelles, les cadres intermédiaires sont au cœur du processus de création des connaissances, et leurs comportements informationnels doivent être soutenus par des systèmes d’information. Toutefois, leurs comportements informationnels sont peu documentés. La présente recherche porte sur la modélisation des comportements informationnels de cadres intermédiaires d’une organisation municipale. Plus spécifiquement, elle examine comment ces cadres répondent à leurs besoins d’information courante dans le contexte de leurs activités de gestion, c’est-à-dire dans leur environnement d’utilisation d’information. L’étude répond aux questions de recherche suivantes : (1) Quelles sont les situations problématiques auxquelles font face les cadres intermédiaires municipaux ? (2) Quels sont les besoins informationnels exprimés par les cadres intermédiaires municipaux lors de situations problématiques ? (3) Quelles sont les sources d’information qui soutiennent les comportements informationnels des cadres intermédiaires municipaux ? Cette recherche descriptive s’inscrit dans une approche qualitative. Les 21 cadres intermédiaires ayant participé à l’étude proviennent de deux arrondissements d’une municipalité québécoise fusionnée en 2002. Les modes de collecte de données sont l’entrevue en profondeur en personne et l’observation directe auprès de ces cadres, et la collecte de documentation pertinente. L’incident critique est utilisé comme technique de collecte de données et comme unité d’analyse. Les données recueillies font l’objet d’une analyse de contenu qualitative basée sur la théorisation ancrée. Les résultats indiquent que les rôles de gestion proposés dans les écrits pour les cadres supérieurs s’appliquent aussi aux cadres intermédiaires, bien que le rôle conseil ressorte comme étant particulier à ces derniers. Ceux-ci ont des responsabilités de gestion aux trois niveaux d’intervention opérationnel, tactique et stratégique, bien qu’ils œuvrent davantage au plan tactique. Les situations problématiques dont ils sont chargés s’inscrivent dans l’environnement d’utilisation d’information constitué des composantes suivantes : leurs rôles et responsabilités de gestion et le contexte organisationnel propre à une municipalité en transformation. Les cadres intermédiaires ont eu à traiter davantage de situations nouvelles que récurrentes, caractérisées par des sujets portant principalement sur les ressources matérielles et immobilières ou sur des aspects d’intérêt juridique, réglementaire et normatif. Ils ont surtout manifesté des besoins pour de l’information de nature processuelle et contextuelle. Pour y répondre, ils ont consulté davantage de sources verbales que documentaires, même si le nombre de ces dernières reste élevé, et ont préféré utiliser des sources d’information internes. Au plan théorique, le modèle de comportement informationnel proposé pour les cadres intermédiaires municipaux enrichit les principales composantes du modèle général d’utilisation de l’information (Choo, 1998) et du modèle d’environnement d’utilisation d’information (Taylor, 1986, 1991). L’étude permet aussi de préciser les concepts d’« utilisateur » et d’« utilisation de l’information ». Au plan pratique, la recherche permet d’aider à la conception de systèmes de repérage d’information adaptés aux besoins des cadres intermédiaires municipaux, et aide à évaluer l’apport des systèmes d’information archivistiques à la gestion de la mémoire organisationnelle. / The success of organizations lies most often in their capacity to create and use information and knowledge, this capacity being determined among other things by information behaviours. In charge of strategic, tactical and operational decisions, middle managers stand at a crossroad in the knowledge creation process within organizations. Their information behaviours must be supported by information systems. However few studies explore these information behaviours. This research project aims at understanding how municipal middle managers meet their information needs according to their specific information use environment. It describes and models their information needs and uses in management situations and examines how they are supported by information sources. More specifically, the study examines three research questions : (1) What problem situations do municipal middle managers encounter in their management tasks ? (2) What information needs do they express in the context of their problem situations ? (3) What information sources support their information behaviours ? This descriptive study is based on a qualitative approach. The respondents are twenty-one middle managers, all reporting to two boroughs in a Quebec municipality that was merged in 2002. Data collection techniques used are in-depth face-to-face interviews with and direct observations of middle managers, and relevant documentation related to problem situations. Critical incident was used both as a technique interview and as a unit of analysis. Data were subjected to content analysis based on grounded theory. Results show that middle managers’ roles are as diversified as those of top managers. However middle managers have a large “counseling” role. Their managerial responsibilities are mainly at a tactical level, but do not exclude operational and strategic level tasks. The problem situations of middle managers are closely linked to information use environment components such as : their managerial roles and responsibilities, and the organizational context characterizing a municipality undergoing major reorganization. Most problem situations encountered by middle managers in this context were new patterns, and related mainly to legal and prescriptive matters or physical resources. Middle managers’ information needs show the importance of organizational processes and context in the resolution of problem situations. To answer those needs, they used mainly internal information sources. Verbal information sources were more used than printed ones (documentation). At a theoretical level, we found that our middle managers’ information behaviour model supports and complements the two models our study relies on : the general model of information use (Choo, 1998) and the information use environment model (Taylor, 1986, 1991). Concepts such as “user” and “information use” are also refined from the users perspective. At a practical level, this study contributes to the design of information retrieval systems best suited to satisfy the information needs of municipal middle managers. It also assesses the contribution of records information systems to the management of organizational memory. / Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines du Canada (CRSH), Fonds québécois de recherche sur la société et la culture (FQRSC), Manulife Financial Corporation, Fondation J.A. DeSève, Faculté des études supérieures de l’Université de Montréal (bourse de fin d’études), EBSI/Faculté des études supérieures de l’Université de Montréal (bourses conjointes)

Depuis quelques années, les statistiques indiquent une croissance exponentielle de l’incidence de certaines infections transmissibles sexuellement chez les jeunes adultes. Certaines enquêtes témoignent en outre des comportements peu responsables en matière de santé sexuelle chez cette population, bien que l’offre d’information sur les conséquences de tels comportements soit importante et diversifiée. Par ailleurs, le comportement informationnel de cette population en matière de santé sexuelle demeure peu documenté. La présente étude porte sur le comportement informationnel de jeunes adultes québécois en matière de santé sexuelle. Plus spécifiquement, elle répond aux quatre questions de recherche suivantes : (1) Quelles sont les situations problématiques auxquelles les jeunes adultes sont confrontés en santé sexuelle?, (2) Quels sont les besoins informationnels exprimés par les jeunes adultes lors de ces situations problématiques?, (3) Quels sont les processus et les sources d’information qui soutiennent la résolution de ces besoins informationnels? et (4) Quelle est l’utilisation de l’information trouvée? Cette recherche descriptive a utilisé une approche qualitative. Le milieu retenu est l’Université de Montréal pour deux raisons : il s’agit d’un milieu cognitivement riche qui fournit un accès sur place à des ressources en santé sexuelle. Les huit jeunes adultes âgés de 18 à 25 ans qui ont pris part à cette étude ont participé à une entrevue en profondeur utilisant la technique de l’incident critique. Chacun d’entre eux a décrit une situation problématique par rapport à sa santé sexuelle et les données recueillies ont été l’objet d’une analyse de contenu basée sur la théorisation ancrée. Les résultats indiquent que les jeunes adultes québécois vivent des situations problématiques relatives à l’aspect physique de leur santé sexuelle qui peuvent être déclenchées par trois types d’éléments : un événement à risques, un symptôme physique subjectif et de l’information acquise passivement. Ces situations problématiques génèrent trois catégories de besoins informationnels : l’état de santé actuel, les conséquences possibles et les remèdes. Pour répondre à ces besoins, les participants se sont tournés en majorité vers des sources professionnelles, personnelles et verbales. La présence de facteurs contextuels, cognitifs et affectifs a particularisé leur processus de recherche d’information en modifiant les combinaisons des quatre activités effectuées, soit débuter, enchaîner, butiner et différencier. L’automotivation et la compréhension du problème représentent les deux principales utilisations de l’information. D’un point de vue théorique, les résultats indiquent que le modèle général de comportement informationnel de Choo (2006), le modèle d’environnement d’utilisation de l’information de Taylor (1986, 1991) et le modèle d’activités de recherche d’information d’Ellis (1989a, 1989b, 2005) peuvent être utilisés dans le contexte personnel de la santé sexuelle. D’un point de vue pratique, cette étude ajoute aux connaissances sur les critères de sélection des sources d’information en matière de santé sexuelle. / Over the pasts few years, statistics have indicated an exponential growth in the incidence of some sexually transmitted diseases among young adults. Certain studies suggest less-than-responsible sexual health behaviours among this population, despite readily available information, from diverse sources, on the consequences of such behaviours. Furthermore, the sexual health information behaviour of this population has not yet been well documented. This study focuses on the sexual health information behaviour of a group of young Quebec adults. More specifically, it answers the following four research questions: (1) What are the problematic situations faced by young adults in matters of sexual health?; (2) What are the information needs arising from these problematic situations?; (3) What are the information search processes and sources used to answer these information needs? and (4) Once found, how was this information used? This descriptive research used a qualitative approach. The Université de Montréal was chosen as the research environment for two reasons: it is a cognitively rich milieu that offers on-site access to sexual health resources. Eight young adults aged from 18 to 25 participated in an in-depth interview using the critical incident technique. Each participant described a problematic situation with respect to their sexual health and the resulting data were analysed using a grounded theory based method. Results indicate that young Quebec adults are faced with problematic situations with respect to physical aspects of their sexual life that can be triggered by three types of elements: a risky event, a subjective physical symptom or passively acquired information. These problematic situations generate three categories of information needs: the actual health state, potential consequences and cures. To answer these needs, a majority of participants turned to professional, personal and verbal sources. Situational, cognitive, and affective factors differentiated their information search process with different combinations of four information search activities: starting, chaining, browsing, and differentiating. Self-motivation and understanding of the problem represent the two main information uses. At a theoretical level, results indicates that the general information model (Choo 2006), the information use environment model (Taylor 1986, 1991) and the information search activities (Ellis 1989a, 1989b, 2005) can be used in the personal context of sexual health. At a practical level, this study enriches the knowledge of the criteria for selecting information sources in the context of sexual health.

<p>The purpose of this research is to study the effect of different demographic and socio economic factors on the contraceptive use among currently married women of age 15-49 in the two regions of Ethiopia, Amhara (17,214,056) and Oromiya (27,158,471). Data are obtained from the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Information on contraceptive use was provided by current use 1334 (14.7), future use 4017 (52.0), unmet need for spacing 1817 (20.0) and limiting 1249 (13.3) currently married women aged 15&ndash / 49 interviewed in the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).</p>