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In Sweden there is scepticism if there really is a difference between the two biggest political parties, the Moderate/Conservative party and the Swedish Social Democrats. The voters feels that the arguments used by both parties are more or less the same and that it does not matter on whom you vote. Hence I am going to compare the parties’ policy programs, developed by the members in each party, by an analysis of ideas to see if the two parties are so similar that they hardly are two different options, or if there is a divergence between the two.   My choosing of the parties’ policy programs comes from a decision to look at the members’ party, they are the authors of the programs, the core. I have to admit I am not unbiased in this work. Since December 2005 I have been active in the Swedish Social Democratic Youth, and later on the Swedish Social Democrats where I had a seat in the municipal council in Kalmar between 2010 and 2014. In February this year I changed party to the Left Party, and now am solely a member. This may affect my presentation of the parties, so read critically, but since my work is not about interpretation but presentation, my political background should have minimal effect on this work.   For over 100 years the Social Democrats more or less had power in Sweden, and the Moderate/Conservative party were in opposition. This changed in 2006, and the bourgeois government got a new mandate to govern in the general election 2010.  Looking at the political subjects of work, economy, welfare, education, the EU, immigration and environment; I found out that the parties often share the same goals, but differ in how to get there. Some core differences could be found, the moderate/conservative party both has lowered taxes as a goal as well as a meaning to get to the goal, and they argue warm heartily about more private corporations in the welfare sector.  The Social Democrats on the other hand argues for investments in the welfare sector (and hence higher taxation) and the rights of the labourers.   This results in a conclusion that when the parties are discussing goals, they are fairly similar. But if you look at the means to reach the goals, they do have their differences and it does matter on which party you vote.

Flertalet så kallade radikala högerpopulistiska partier (RHP-partier) har på senare år rönt relativt stora valframgångar runt om i Europa. En förklaring som brukar nämnas är att dessa partier har tonat ned sin ideologi och blivit mindre radikala. Min studie undersökte detta förhållande, huruvida det finns en samvariation mellan grad av radikal högerpopulism och väljarstöd. Leder lägre grad av radikal högerpopulism till ökat väljarstöd? Detta undersöktes med hjälp av en fallstudie av Sveriges ledande RHP-parti – Sverigedemokraterna. Idealtypsanalyser genomfördes av fem sverigedemokratiska parti-/principprogram från de senaste decennierna för att se om graden av radikal högerpopulism i dessa dokument har förändrats över tid. Analysen visade att partiet överlag har blivit allt mindre radikalt högerpopulistiska med åren, samtidigt som partiets väljarstöd har ökat stadigt. Slutsatsen blir därmed att det i det här fallet finns en samvariation mellan grad av radikal högerpopulism och väljarstöd. / <p>2018-06-07.</p>

This essay will address the question of the extent and the way in which the communist ideology is expressed in the left party of Sweden from 1987 until 2016. Before the 1990s, the party was called Left party communists (VPK) in order not to be connected with communism and the Soviet Union and the party had to modernize and become independent, therefore the party had to change their name to left-party (V). This Ideological development has been studied through the ideal type analysis based on the key variables found in the communist ideology and comparing it with the party programs and party leader's speech to answer the main question. It will also present what other left-wing ideologies are expressed and what significance they have had for the party's ideological alignment today.

This study is a qualitative analysis of the ideas of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Danish Social Democratic Party, and where I compare these two parties with the ideology of Social Democracy. The main purpose of this study is to examine if these parties today differ from Social Democracy. The material used is based on the two different latest “party-programmes” from the Swedish Social Democratic Party and the Danish Social Democratic Party, but also contemporary people on Social Democracy, but also on researchers on Social Democracy. In order to investigate and make this comparison, the key words Freedom, Equality, Solidarity, Class, Reformism and Welfare are used to construct the ideal type of Social Democracy. The constructed idealtype, thus is the basis of this study. The conclusion of this study is that the ideas expressed in the party programme in the Swedish Social Democratic Party are very much similar to Social Democracy, while there are some differences on how The Danish Social Democratic Party portrays Freedom and Class.

Uppsatsen undersöker retoriseringen av begreppet 'frihet' i svensk politik med analysfokus på Moderaternas politiska diskurs 1956-2014. Genom att synliggöra eventuella förändringar i frihetsbegreppets representationer syftar uppsatsen till att belysa hur begrepp kan fyllas med olika innebörder och visa hur de på detta sätt kan bli persuasiva som bärare av olika ideologiska föreställningar – dvs. hur till synes neutrala ord blir politiskt laddade, och med vilka medel det kan ske. / This essay discusses the concept of 'freedom' and it's rhetorization in Swedish liberal political discourse 1956-2014.

The purpose of the study is to account for and analyse comparisons between the Swedish political parties' programs to show change within and between the parties over time, regarding Swedishness and integration. The goal is to discover in which way the parties have changed or not changed their political programs over a twenty-year period – 1998 and 2018. The text in the political programs is the focus of the study's analysis. A history-didactic perspective is also presented, as an extension of the study's possible use. The comparison reveals both a change within each party and a common change towards a more obligate-based ground to become a Swedish citizen.  What I have found is that there is a significant change over a period of twenty years. The climate has hardened and except from Miljöpartiet, an implementation of Swedish language-tests, social-studies tests and economic consequences, unless these demands are fulfilled, is demanded. Sverigedemokraterna is the only party that has reduced the use of demanding vocabulary, even though they still have the highest use of the demands.

Denna uppsats ämnar utforska ett statsvetenskapligt område med en sociologisk teori för att ge ett nytt verktyg i läsandet av partiprogram. Med hjälp av Peter L. Bergers teori om kosmiskt världsbyggande kallad Nomos läses partiprogram för att fram den politiska världsbyggnaden. Genom att identifiera Objektivering (politiska idéer) och Externalisering (politisk handling) i partiprogrammen försöker uppsatsen bryta ner partiprogrammen för att underlätta läsningen. Detta underlättande ger ett verktyg för förståelse av partiprogram och kan i förlängningen leda till en förbättrad källkritisk aspekt genom att läsaren förstår och kan ta ställning till de idéer och mål som presenteras, och inte bara anfalla en vägg av text. / This essay aims to explore a problem within the political sciences with a sociological theory to provide a new approach to reading political parties campaign publications. Through Peter L. Bergers sociological theory about cosmic world construction called Nomos the essay aims to capture a societal world construction through the political parties’ conceptions of society through their campaign publications; a political nomos. By identifying objectivation (political ideas) and externalization (political acts) in the publications we can try to capture the parties’ political nomos that they try to convey to the reader. In extension this provides a tool for educational purposes when trying to explain political parties’ publication to pupils or aiding in the understanding of parties underlying ideas and goals.

This study aims to provide answers to whether the politics of the Swedish Democrats contains elements of xenophobia. The Swedish Democrats have become a major political party in Sweden. Today they are the Swedish parliament's third largest political party. Due to an ambition to grow as a party even more, the Swedish Democrats have a stated ambition of zero tolerance against racists. Nevertheless, the party has continued to build its policy on an immigration-critical agenda. Other parliamentary parties have so far not wanted to cooperate with the Swedish Democrats with reference to the party's xenophobic policy. However, if the Swedish Democrats continue to grow in size as a party, it will become increasingly difficult for other parties to continue ignoring the party's influence in the Swedish parliament. The study has consisted of rhetorical analysis of the Swedish Democrats party platforms from the party's formation until today. This analysis shows that the image the party gives of itself in the party platform has not changed significantly since the party was formed. However, the latest party platform of the Swedish Democrats includes more features of xenophobia than their first party program did. The policy of the Sweden Democrats thus still contains xenophobic elements.