2014年12月的「雨傘運動」中，不時看到「支持本土、以香港為家」的口號和標語，如「自己香港自己救」、「守護香港拒絕沉淪」以及「撐(支持)香港」等等，都反映出年輕一輩對香港的歸屬情感，顯示出本土主義是這場運動論述的核心內涵，意在對抗北京的愛國主義論述，同時也反映出本土意識是目前香港認同與社會集體想像的重要內容。本論文採取文獻分析法，旨在針對透過公共討論中與香港身份認同相關的論述進行脈絡式分析，探討香港身份認同的演變，剖析香港社會自英殖時期至今關於香港人的集體想像。本論文針對英殖管治時期、戰後至回歸、一國兩制實施至今三個主要歷史時期進行研究，探討香港人的集體認同及其演變。本研究結論指出，強調多元族群社會想像的認同論述有助於形塑具包容性的香港本土認同。 / In the 2014 Umbrella Movement, nativism, aimed to contest with the patriotism advocated by Beijing, appeared to be the core of the discourse of the movement. It is embodied in slogans such as ‘Supporting the native; Hong Kong is our home’ and ‘Preserving Hong Kong.’ This reflects the sense of belonging of the Hong Kong youth. Nativism therefore appears to be an important element in the formation of collective identity and social imaginary of Hong Kong. This dissertation, through a contextual analysis of discourses on Hong Kong identity, aims to probe into Hong Kong identity in different historical periods, including the period of British colonial rule, the period from the end of World War Two to the 1997 handover of Hong Kong, and the period when ‘One Country and Two Systems’ is practiced in Hong Kong. In the conclusion, it is argued that the nativist discourse that emphasizes multiethnic social imaginary contributes to the formation of an inclusive form of Hong Kong identity.

本研究以普丁於2012年後所提出之「傳統價值」──東正教、愛國主義與中央集權為出發，在其談話與文件為基礎上，以文獻分析法分析自2000年以後普丁執政以來之傳統價值意涵。並以歷史研究方法分析，其所提出的傳統價值在俄羅斯歷史上的意義與形成模式，以及在俄羅斯歷史上的作用，並藉此比較傳統價值在普丁執政期間的復甦現象，以及探討其意欲復甦傳統價值的原因、目的與政策執行。 / This study focuses on the emphasis on traditional balues by Vladimir Putin since 2012. Various documents including speeches by Putin since he first took presidency in 2000 are analyzed to decode the true meaning of what the Russian leader considers as the traditional values of Russia. The study explores the evolutions of Orthodoxy, patriotism and government centralization in the history of Russia, compares them with the modern definition of traditional values today, and by analyzing how Putin proactively formulates his policies to resurrect these traditional values, the study attempts to explain the reason and intention of Putin’s such policies.

This study investigates about the meaning of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the meaning of the USA PATRIOT Act from an archaeological perspective (in the Foucauldian sense). Rather than accepting the Act and its formulations this study excavates the discursive elements that give meaning to the Act within the current socio-political sphere. In this sense this is a Foucauldian archaeology of patriotism in the United States of America illustrated and explicated through the current discourse created by the USA PATRIOT Act. Moreover, this research intends to illustrate how the patriotic discourse affects our current spatial practices. By analyzing the contemporary patriotic discourse through the lens of spatial theory what is sought is to briefly sketch the conceptual landscapes that are created through this discourse. This study applies the concepts and theories of Michel Foucault, Edward Soja, and Homi Bhabha as well as other postcolonial theorists to analyze the USA PATRIOT Act as a discourse that is linked and shaped by history and a discourse that is active in the design and content of our spaces.

(in English): This paper deals with the beginnings of nationally-emancipatory and patriotic expressions, which became part of the Czech rural prose during the nineteenth century and which are reflected as nation-defending tendencies in protectorate cinematography by a medium of film adaptation in the twentieth century. The paper intends to interconnect both of these historical periods. Due to the political and social reasons there was increased amount of revivalist ideals of the national rural life in the classic Czech rural prose as well as in the films. The ideals came from national historical traditions and from the cult of the nature and countryside, in which the topos of a "little cottage" ("idyllic place") played the major role. These elements became part of the self-image of the Czech people during the rise of the modern Czech nation (i.e. from the beginning of the nineteenth century till the World War I) and were intensified in the era of national menace during the protectorate. Last part of the paper, which uses the example of the writer Božena Němcová and her novel Babička, shows the concrete expressions of these ideals, that became part of her cult during the decades.

[pt] Patriotismo Constitucional representa uma forma pós- nacional de identificação política para sociedades pluralistas. Lealdade aos princípios constitucionais e às instituições políticas que eles estruturam - portanto identificação focalizada no status político-legal da cidadania, ao invés do pertencer etnocultural - pode fornecer a base para uma forma racional de identidade coletiva que supera o chauvinismo que tem importunado a identificação nacional. A deliberação democrática fornece o meio no qual os cidadãos podem forjar uma identidade racional coletiva através da participação em um projeto constitucional democrático que pode se tornar foco de formas não-chauvinistas de reconhecimento mútuo, solidariedade e apego afetivo. / [en] Constitutional patriotism represents a postnational form of political identification for pluralistic societies. Loyalty to democratic constitutional principles and the political institutions they structure - hence identification focused on the legalpolitical status of citizenship rather than on ethnocultural belonging - can ground a rational form of collective identity that overcomes the chauvinism that have plagued national identification. Democratic deliberation provides the medium in which citizens can forge a rational collective identity through participation in a democratic constitutional project that can become the focus for non- chauvinistc forms of mutual recognition, solidarity and affective attachment.

Le but de cette recherche est d’analyser le rôle politique des opinions collectives au Portugal aux Temps Modernes. Bien avant l’avènement du concept d’« opinion publique », plusieurs sources renvoient à un jugement « public », « commun » ou « général », associé fréquemment à l’idée de Fama. La présente thèse étudie l’élargissement du débat public portugais dans un contexte marqué par une intense agitation populaire et par le développement de conceptions radicales du patriotisme et de la liberté. / The purpose of this research is to analyze the political role of collective opinions in Early Modern Portugal. Long before the advent of the concept of « public opinion », many sources refer to a « public », « common » or « general » judgment, frequently associated with the idea of Fama. This thesis studies the expansion of Portuguese public debate in a context marked by an intense popular agitation and by the development of radical conceptions of patriotism and liberty.

Quando nos deparamos com a imagem do personagem Capitão América tendemos a relacioná-lo com um herói confiante, tão patriótico que veste a bandeira de seu país. O super-herói, criado por Joe Simon e Jack Kirby na década de 1940, ao longo do século XX se transformou em um ícone tão representativo da nação americana quanto o próprio Tio Sam. Nesta dissertação nos propomos a analisar os aspectos centrais do discurso patriótico contido na revista Captain America Comics, publicada nos Estados Unidos entre os anos de 1941 e 1954. Seguindo a metodologia americana, analisamos as publicações observando como esta mídia, ciente de sua influência na cultura popular e seu papel como um meio de comunicação de massa, busca entreter e formar a opinião do público leitor, acompanhando as transformações do país durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e nos anos que a seguiram. / When we faced the image of the character Captain America we tend to relate him with a confident and such patriotic superhero that even wears the flag of his country. The superhero, created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby in the 1940s, during the 20th century became an icon as representative of the American nation as Uncle Sam itself. In this M.A. thesis we intent to examine the most significant aspects of the patriotic speech contained in the comic book Captain America Comics, published in the United States between 1941 and 1954. Following the American methodology, we analyzed the publications noting how this media, aware of its influence on popular culture and its role as a mass communication media, tries to entertain as also form the opinion of the readership, accompanying the transformations of the country duringWorldWar II and the years that followed.

Quando nos deparamos com a imagem do personagem Capitão América tendemos a relacioná-lo com um herói confiante, tão patriótico que veste a bandeira de seu país. O super-herói, criado por Joe Simon e Jack Kirby na década de 1940, ao longo do século XX se transformou em um ícone tão representativo da nação americana quanto o próprio Tio Sam. Nesta dissertação nos propomos a analisar os aspectos centrais do discurso patriótico contido na revista Captain America Comics, publicada nos Estados Unidos entre os anos de 1941 e 1954. Seguindo a metodologia americana, analisamos as publicações observando como esta mídia, ciente de sua influência na cultura popular e seu papel como um meio de comunicação de massa, busca entreter e formar a opinião do público leitor, acompanhando as transformações do país durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e nos anos que a seguiram. / When we faced the image of the character Captain America we tend to relate him with a confident and such patriotic superhero that even wears the flag of his country. The superhero, created by Joe Simon and Jack Kirby in the 1940s, during the 20th century became an icon as representative of the American nation as Uncle Sam itself. In this M.A. thesis we intent to examine the most significant aspects of the patriotic speech contained in the comic book Captain America Comics, published in the United States between 1941 and 1954. Following the American methodology, we analyzed the publications noting how this media, aware of its influence on popular culture and its role as a mass communication media, tries to entertain as also form the opinion of the readership, accompanying the transformations of the country duringWorldWar II and the years that followed.

This thesis examines changes and evolvement in conceptual notions of nationalism and national identity from the beginning of the 19th century until present. The thesis is composed of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part delineates the concepts of nation, national identity and attempts to characterize Czech national identity. Further, it explores the notion in the context of socio-political transformations in our motherland. Moreover, this section looks at notions of education and patriotic education and the way such education was exercised in schools in particular historical periods. The study also concentrates on the concept of mother tongue and its role in building Czech national identity. Comparison of various ways the relationship towards mother tongue in various types of primary schools in this and last century is likewise offered. The practical part consists of two research segments. The first one analyzes various curricula, school material and textbooks from the beginning of the last century until present with emphasis on patriotic education. Emphasis has been put on textbooks intended for the fifth grade of all types of primary schools. The research shows the ways attitude towards patriotic education has evolved in the context of socio-political transformations in the...

This study utilizes correspondence, memoirs, and secondary sources to explore the lives and careers of six Continental Navy captains?Esek Hopkins, Joshua Barney, John Paul Jones, Hector McNeill, Lambert Wickes, and John Barry?and reveal the motivational factors of patriotism, a desire for fame and professional advancement, and financial stability which underlay their decisions to seek commissions in the Continental Navy, and influenced their conduct while in the service. Additionally, it suggests that prewar interactions in an "Atlantic World" context influenced the ideological and personal motivations that formed the foundations for service in the Continental Navy. All three motivations played a role in each captain's career and affected their conduct in relation to their understandings of duty, but the degree to which they influenced the captains varied. Although the promise of a steady income helped motivate initial service, financial considerations played a larger role throughout Barney's and Barry's careers than they did for other captains. The desire for fame and personal prestige also affected the conduct and service of all six men, though Jones and Hopkins provide more concrete examples of its influence. Finally, experiences interacting with West Indies and Atlantic trade networks before the war likely influenced the captains' development of revolutionary principles, and their dedication to the United States. In addition to patriotism, Jones professed a devotion to universal principles of liberty and rights, and McNeill perceived the Revolution as an attempt to establish God's Kingdom of the Just. The degree to which each captain succeeded in achieving his goals, and the affect his Continental service had on employment after the Revolution, also varied significantly. Hopkins failed as the navy's commander-in-chief, but his performance did not negatively impact his social and political standing in his native Rhode Island. Unlike McNeill, Captains Barry, Barney and Jones also utilized their networks of friends and acquaintances well, helping them find prestigious and stable employment in other seagoing capacities after the war. Wickes died in 1777, but his brief service also suggests he would have achieved success had he survived.