Denna studie har undersökt hur konsulenter genom handledning som metod, skapar relationer och främjar lärande hos familjehem och kriminalvårdsklienter på vårdvistelse. Studien har undersökt hur grupphandledning för konsulenterna upplevs och används som kollegialt stöd. Syftet har varit att öka förståelsen för deras arbete och identifiera områden för förbättring. Frågeställningarna har belyst hur konsulenterna arbetar med grupphandledning och kollegialt stöd för att skapa relationer och främja lärande samt behov av utveckling. Studien genomfördes genom digitala semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem familjehemskonsulenter. Resultaten indikerar att konsulenterna har spelat en nyckelroll i att vägleda familjehemmen i arbetet med att normalisera klientens liv. Det har funnits situationer med makt och kontroll mellan parterna som konsulterna har behövt hantera. Genom veckoplaneringar för klienten harett påtvingat och disciplinerat lärande synliggjorts. Lågaffektivt bemötande och etiska förhållningssätt hos konsulenten har istället skapat en god lärandemiljö med framtidstro för klienten. Sammanfattningsvis har studien belyst fungerande lärandeprocesser bland konsulenterna men har även framhållit områden för förbättring i lärandekulturen inom den specifika verksamheten med mer uttalat metodiskt arbete. Studien betonade behovet avforskning kring fungerande utslussningsmetoder och återfallsförebyggande åtgärder.

Runx1/AML1 transcription factor expression in hematopoietic cell lineages is differentially regulated via usage of two distinct promoters. The 5' UTR and a 19 amino acid encoding sequence transcribed from the distal promoter is inserted via alternative splicing into the 5' end of the mRNA transcript, replacing the 5' UTR and a 5 amino acid encoding sequence usually transcribed from the proximal promoter. Expression of proximal Runx1 in 32Dcl.3 cells delays G-CSF induced neutrophil terminal differentiation by increasing viability compared to distal Runx1. We utilized Runx1 Nterminal deletion and point mutants of three evolutionarily conserved residues to describe dual N-terminal isoform motifs that promote two distinct differentiation phenotypes as regulatory elements in hematopoietic cell differentiation. Runx1 isoforms were evaluated in established hematopoietic in vitro and ex vivo differentiation systems. Deletion of amino acids 3’-14’ (Δ3-14) or 3’-19’ (Δ3-19) of the distal Runx1 N-terminus delayed terminal differentiation of the 32Dcl.3 myeloid cell line, indicating a regulatory motif in distal Runx1 abrogates the delay of terminal differentiation induced by proximal Runx1. Deletion of amino acids 3’-8’ (Δ3-8) or mutation of amino acids serine 3’, serine 5’ and phenylalanine 7’ of the distal Runx1 N-terminus reduce Runx1 expression in the 32Dcl.3 cell line. The N-terminus motif, runt domain and nuclear matrix-targeting sequence of Runx1 modulated Ets1 activity on the KIR3DL1 bidirectional promoter element. The transcription factor YY1 promotes both forward and reverse activation of the KIR3DL1 bidirectional promoter element dominantly in the presence of Runx1, and additively with Ets1. Distinct Runx1 proximal and distal N-termini induced phenotypes were observed in myeloid and thymocyte differentiation, but not with the KIR3DL1 luciferase assay system. This work identifies a previously unknown N-terminal regulatory motif that acts with spatio-temporal and gene target specificity to add another level of control over Runx1 activity during hematopoiesis.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death worldwide for adolescents and emerging adults. Despite knowledge of distal risk factors for suicide (i.e., childhood maltreatment), there is a dearth of developmentally informed psychobiological theories of suicide that test potentially modifiable proximal risk factors. Utilizing a multi-method design, this study integrates cognitive and biological risk factors into a model of suicide risk following maltreatment. Undergraduates completed a screener assessing medical history, trait reward and threat sensitivities, history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs), and childhood maltreatment. Participants without a history of autoimmune disease completed a reward and threat-salient acute stress task with pre- and post-task blood draws to measure peripheral inflammatory biomarkers. Utilizing ecological momentary assessment, a subset of participants with a history of suicidal ideation completed daily measures (three per day) of STBs and state reward and threat sensitivities for two-weeks before completing follow-up measures of STBs. Mediation models found that inflammatory reactivity to acute stress did not explain the relationship between maltreatment and ideation across the two-week follow-up, but those participants with greater TNF-α reactivity to an acute stress task reported more severe ideation at the study visit. Moderated mediation models showed that the association between inflammatory reactivity and suicidality was not significantly amplified by reward or threat sensitivity. But, at trait and state levels, those with histories of maltreatment who were less sensitive to rewards and more aware of potential threats experienced the most severe ideation. This investigation aimed to understand the processes that immediately precede STBs to inform future prevention and intervention efforts. / Psychology

No description available.

This study examined the developmental value of Japanese student intercultural interaction during short-term study abroad in the United States. It utilized a modified version of the Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire for data collection and an approach to analysis framed by Bronfenbrenner and his colleagues’ bioecological theory of human development. Past research framed by the bioecological theory has identified sojourner personal characteristics as the most significant factors influencing the amount and quality of intercultural interaction that students experience during study abroad; this study, which included participants of two different programs, found characteristics of context and time to be equally if not more significant. Implications are presented as practical recommendations for programs, participants, policymakers, and other stakeholders in intercultural development during study abroad.

The purpose of this position paper is to propose a comprehensive theoretical model of what can and does occur in the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) to extend thinking, learning and construction of meaning within a shared reading activity setting, including the development and emergence of language, literacy and social skills. By incorporating Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural perspective, Jean Piaget's dialectical learning, and the concepts of metacognition, mindfulness, and mind-mindedness, a model depicting the dynamics of a shared reading activity is proposed. Implications for research and practice are discussed, including suggestions for future research and ways to foster effective teaching practices. / Master of Science

I förskolans verksamhet har leken alltid varit en grundläggande del och bör också prioriteras enligt förskolans läroplan. Studiens syfte var att undersöka förskollärares och barnskötares uppfattning om lekens betydelse för barns utveckling och lärande i förskolan. Vi analyserade pedagogernas roll i den fria leken och fördjupade oss i förhållandet mellan den lekresponsiva undervisningen och hur den kunde tolkas och förstås i relation till den proximala utvecklingszonen. Teorin valdes med grund i Vygotskijs sociokulturella perspektiv och hans syn på lek och lärande. Vi har använt oss av en semistrukturerad intervjumetod där nio informanter intervjuades till vår studie. Resultatet visade att pedagoger ansåg att barn redan har betydelsefulla egenskaper innan de deltar i lek, men att leken har en stor innebörd och betydelse för barns lärande och utveckling. Genom lek kan barn bearbeta sina erfarenheter och känslor samt skapa sig ett dynamiskt tänkande där de kan stötta andra barn och samtidigt gynnas i sin inlärning. Resultatet visade också att lek- och lärmiljöerna var viktiga komponenter för främjande av lärandet hos barn. Pedagogerna använde sig av olika pedagogiska verktyg för att fånga lärandet, till exempel genom att observera och utvärdera. Vi kom fram till att när pedagoger använder lekresponsiv undervisning, där respons i leken används, kan den proximala utvecklingszonen uppnås hos barnen och deras lärande stimuleras på ett bra sätt.

Syftet med undersökningen är att studera förskollärares olika synsätt på handdockan i förskolan. För att undersöka detta använde jag metoden gruppintervju, vilket gav mig möjligheten att intervjua tre förskollärare samtidigt. Metoden bidrog till att respondenterna argumenterade för sina åsikter samt skapade diskussioner kring ämnet, då alla intervjuades samtidigt och på så vis kunde ta del av varandras åsikter. Det empiriska materialet analyserades genom ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där Lev S. Vygotskijs teorier är centrala (Kroksmark, 2011). Genom Vygotskijs teorier om språket, fantasi och verktyg identifierades tre temaområden som vidare visade sig vara olika synsätt på handdockan. Undersökningens resultat visar att handdockan kan användas som motivator, kommunikationsverktyg samt att den vuxna genom handdockan kan närma sig barnets värld. Resultatet påvisar hur viktigt det är att en vuxen deltar i barnets vardag, vilket jag relaterar till det som Vygotskij (Kroksmark, 2011) kallar för den proximala utvecklingszonen. Genom denna undersökning framkommer det att handdockan kan användas som ett framgångsrikt verktyg med flera synsätt och många möjligheter i förskolans verksamhet. / The purpose of this survey is to examine the teaching approaches among preschool teachers. In order to examine the purpose of the survey I held a group interview with three preschool teachers, a method which allowed the respondents to discuss the topics and argue for their opinions all together. The empiric data was analyzed through a sociocultural perspective in which the theories of Lev S. Vygotsky are central (Kroksmark, 2011). Through these theories concerning language, fantasy and tools, three themes, which eventually turned out to be various teaching approaches on the hand puppet, were identified. The result of the survey shows that the hand puppet can be utilized as a motivator, a tool for communication and to make its grown-up user come closer to the child’s world. The result of the survey emphasizes the importance of grown-up’s participation in children’s everyday life, which I relate to what Vygotsky (Kroksmark, 2011) identifies as the zone of proximal development. Furthermore the survey shows that the hand puppet may be used as a successful tool, with several teaching approaches and many possibilities in preschool.

O parálogo 3 do trocador Na+/H+ (NHE3) é essencial para a reabsorção de HCO3- nos túbulos proximais renais e sua expressão e função adaptam-se às diferentes condições ácido-base do organismo. O objetivo desta tese foi avaliar quais as diferenças entre os efeitos da acidose metabólica (AM) e respiratória (AR) sobre a regulação do NHE3 e identificar variáveis responsáveis pelas respostas adaptativas observadas. Em células OKP, a AM foi simulada diminuindo a [HCO3-] do meio de cultura e a AR aumentando a pCO2 ambiente por 24 h. Foram observados os efeitos das acidoses sobre o RNAm-Nhe3, a presença da proteína-NHE3 na membrana celular e a atividade promotora do gene do Nhe3. Concluiu-se que o pH extracelular não é a variável físico-química responsável por estimular a expressão do NHE3, contudo é um importante candidato à variável responsável por regular o tráfego da proteína para a membrana. Além disso, a região de -471 a -153 pb em relação ao sítio de início de transcrição do promotor do gene do Nhe3 contém prováveis reguladores positivos que atuam em resposta à AM. / The Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) is essential for HCO3- reabsorption in renal proximal tubules and its expression and function must adapt to acid-base conditions. The goal of the presente study was to evaluate whether there are differences between metabolic (MA) and respiratory acidosis (RA) with regard to NHE3 modulation and to identify variables that may trigger these distinct adaptive responses. In OKP cells, MA was achieved by lowering [HCO3-] in the cell culture medium and RA by increasing pCO2 in the incubator chamber for 24 h. The effects of both acidosis on Nhe3 mRNA levels, cell-surface NHE3 expression and promoter activity were evaluated. In summary, it was concluded that low extracellular pH is not the physical-chemical variable that up-regulates NHE3 expression, however, extracellular pH is a candidate for the variable related to the NHE3 displacement to the apical membrane. Moreover, the Nhe3 gene promoter region spanning from -471 to -153 base pairs upstream from the transcriptional start site contains putative enhancers regulated in response to MA.

O presente estudo indica que o pHi basal do segmento S3 do túbulo proximal é 7.10 ? 0.007 (n = 444/2117), sendo a extrusão celular de H+ feita pelo trocador Na+/H+ (marjoritariamante) e pela H+-ATPase. Nossos resultados sugerem um papel do cálcio citosólico na regulação do processo de recuperação do pHi após carga ácida, mediada pelo trocador Na+/H+ e pela H+-ATPase. O trocador é estimulado por Aldosterona (10-12, 10-10 e 10-8 M) e inibido por Aldosterona (10-6 M) via ação genômica e não-genômica. Esses resultados são compatíveis com a estimulação do trocador por moderado aumento da [Ca2+]i citosólico (com Aldosterona 10-12 M) e sua inibição por pronunciado aumento da [Ca2+]i (com Aldosterona 10-6 M). A H+-ATPase é estimulada por Aldosterona em todas as doses utilizadas via ação genômica e não-genômica e esses resultados são coincidentes com um aumento da [Ca2+]i, dose dependente. Esses nossos achados são também compatíveis com a demonstração de uma ação hormonal não-genômica (após 1 ou 15 min) e genômica (após 1 hora) na [Ca2+]i, no trocador e na H+-ATPase. Adicionalmente, nossos resultados indicando que os efeitos hormonais genômicos ocorrem via receptor MR são coincidentes com nossos dados demonstrando a expressão desses receptores no segmento S3. Esses efeitos da Aldosterona que acabamos de descrever podem representar uma regulação fisiológica relevante, em condições de depleção e expansão de volume no animal intacto. / The present study indicate that the basal pHi of proximal S3 segment is 7.10 ? 0.007 (n = 444/2117), being made the extrusion by of Na+/H+ exchanger (mainly) and H+-ATPase. Our results suggest a role for cell calcium in regulating the process of pHi recovery after the acid load induced by NH4Cl, mostly mediated by a basolateral Na+/H+ exchanger, and stimulated by Aldosterone (10-12, 10-10 e 10-8 M) and impaired by Aldosterone (10-6 M) via a genomic and nongenomic action. They are compatible with stimulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger by increases in cell calcium in the lower range (at Aldosterone 10-12 M) and inhibition at high cell calcium levels (at Aldosterone 10-6 M). The H+-ATPase is stimulated in all the used doses via a genomic and nongenomic action, this is coincident with the dose-dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. This finding is also compatible with the demonstration of a hormonal nongenomic (after 1 min or 15 min) and genomic (after 1 h) action on [Ca2+]i, on the Na+/H+ exchanger and on H+-ATPase. Our results indicating that the genomics effects are via MR receptor are in accordanc with our finding showing expression of the receptors in the proximal S3 segment of rat. These Aldosterone effects may represent physiologically relevant regulation in conditions of volume depletion or expansion in the intact animal.