Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-08T16:41:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANO FERRARI MACIEL.pdf: 14447782 bytes, checksum: 262e3ddbd83eac3d3b3e91af89754655 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T16:41:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CRISTIANO FERRARI MACIEL.pdf: 14447782 bytes, checksum: 262e3ddbd83eac3d3b3e91af89754655 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research inserts itself on the debate about urban renewal of airport areas located in metropolitan areas, as those that concentrate the dynamics related to the increase of international commercial relations, the globalization of the means of production and the reproduction of capital in the real estate market. It is a research where the airport becomes protagonist in the discussion of the re-signification of an area within a perspective of integration of the city and the region on the global markets of production and consumption. The main objective of the thesis is to analyze how the territory, covered by the new economic and industrial activities, turns into an airport-city and gains regional momentum, being able to constitute an Aerotropolis. It is assumed that the facilities of the International Airport of Viracopos-Campinas (VCP), can, possibly, be transformed into an airport-city and shape the surrounding region on an Aerotropolis; however, it will not serve the public interest in the urban requalification of the region, historically marked by inequality and socio-spatial segregation if it does not maintain and incorporate the resident population in the construction of Aerotropolis. This thesis is based on studies carried out on two international airports with a strong presence in airfreight transport in their countries (Netherlands and United States) to understand the city-region-production-networks-territory relationship on which the Aerotropolis territorial arrangement is based. / Esta pesquisa se insere no debate sobre a requalifica??o urbana das ?reas aeroportu?rias, alocadas em regi?es metropolitanas, as quais concentram din?micas relacionadas ao incremento das rela??es comerciais internacionais, da globaliza??o dos meios de produ??o e da reprodu??o do capital junto ao mercado imobili?rio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa onde o aeroporto se torna protagonista no bojo da ressignifica??o de uma ?rea metropolitana, na perspectiva de integra??o da cidade e da regi?o junto aos mercados globais de produ??o e consumo. O objetivo principal da tese ? analisar como o territ?rio, abrangido pelas novas atividades econ?micas e industriais, se transforma em uma cidade aeroportu?ria e ganha impulso regional podendo se constituir numa Aerotropolis. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as instala??es do Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos-Campinas (VCP), podem sim, ser transformadas em uma cidade aeroportu?ria e moldar a regi?o circunvizinha em uma Aerotropolis; por?m, esta n?o atender? o interesse p?blico na requalifica??o urbana da regi?o, marcada historicamente pela desigualdade e segrega??o socioespacial, sen?o mantiver e incorporar a popula??o residente na constru??o da Aerotropolis. A tese apoiouse nos estudos realizados sobre dois aeroportos internacionais com forte presen?a no transporte a?reo de cargas em seus pa?ses (Holanda e Estados Unidos), para compreender a rela??o cidade-regi?o-produ??o-redes-territ?rio na qual se baseia o arranjo territorial chamado de Aerotropolis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:50:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WAGNO PEREIRA DA COSTA.pdf: 1276740 bytes, checksum: 9d49ad0fba41e23757adf12aff3ccb8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / We investigated the strategy of the Local Productive Arrangement - APL as an instrument of development policy of the State of Goiás. In economic theory, the question of location was seen primarily for aspects of transportation costs and access to inputs and services. Thus, the industrial policy followed the same principles. Studies on the competitiveness of the companies were focused mainly on technological issues, demand, scale, financial, and sectoral policies. With a systems view of industrial policy, arises an alternative public policy the Local Productive Arrangements and others called the Local Systems of Innovation, or local production systems, or clusters among others. These alternatives have in common that the local aspect aimed at development and competitiveness of companies organized in a particular territory. Based on the study of the importance of local planning, the industrial clusters, through international experiences, highlighting the French Industrial Systems Located, and also experience of national sustainable regional development - DTS and APL, the dissertation examines what have been the possibilities, limitations and results of the strategy of APL as an instrument of policy to structure and consolidate the development of the State of Goiás. To get these results were used and descriptive literature searches carried out with the governmental and nongovernmental institutions that develop actions to support clusters in the state. The approach combined quantitative and qualitative aspects to the analysis. Data analysis was done through descriptive research, which provided support for the compilation of data from interviews and other income statements. / Investigou-se a estratégia do Arranjo Produtivo Local - APL enquanto instrumento de política para o desenvolvimento do Estado de Goiás. Na teoria econômica, a questão da localização era vista principalmente pelos aspectos de custos do transporte e de acesso a insumos e serviços. Dessa forma, a política industrial seguia os mesmos princípios. Os estudos sobre a competitividade das empresas eram focados principalmente em questões tecnológicas, de demanda, de escala, financeira, além de políticas setoriais. Com uma visão mais sistêmica da política industrial, surgem como alternativa de política pública os Arranjos Produtivos Locais e por outros chamados de Sistemas Locais de Inovações, ou Sistemas Produtivos Locais, ou Clusters entre outros, que têm em comum o aspecto local que visam o desenvolvimento e a competitividade das empresas organizadas num determinado território. Com base no estudo da importância do local, do território, das aglomerações industriais, passando por experiências internacionais, destacando os Sistemas Industriais Localizados franceses, e ainda, experiência nacionais de Desenvolvimento Territorial Sustentável - DTS e APL, essa dissertação analisa quais têm sido as possibilidades, limites e resultados da estratégia de APL, como instrumento de política para estruturar e consolidar o desenvolvimento do Estado de Goiás. Para chegar nesses resultados foram utilizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e descritivas realizadas junto às instituições governamentais e não governamentais que desenvolvem ações de apoio a APLs no estado. A abordagem combinou aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos para a análise. A análise dos dados se deu por intermédio da pesquisa descritiva, a qual serviu de apoio para a tabulação dos dados das entrevistas e de outros demonstrativos de resultados.

O presente trabalho apresenta a trajetória do recente cenário de desenvolvimento econômico-industrial de Minas Gerais como consequência da desconcentração industrial brasileira verificada, notadamente, a partir dos anos de 1970. O fenômeno da desconcentração produtiva vem chamando atenção de pesquisadores influenciados pelos estudos acerca da “reversão da polarização” sobretudo em países desenvolvidos, e que no Brasil tem sido experimentado pelo Estado de São Paulo nas últimas décadas. Este fenômeno, que originalmente permitiria maior articulação e integração do sistema produtivo nacional, não tem sido suficiente para estreitar as desigualdades regionais, além do mais, pesquisas recentes apontam para um novo processo de aglomeração, chamado de desenvolvimento poligonal, agora no Centro-Sul do País. Mantendo o foco no Estado de Minas Gerais, a presente investigação é justificada nos estudos de autores renomados que apontam o Estado de Minas Gerais como maior beneficiário do processo da desconcentração, assumindo também um destaque maior na produção industrial nacional, mas que demonstra claramente um desenvolvimento desigual entre as suas diversas regiões. Assim sendo, objetiva-se verificar o cenário econômico-industrial de Minas Gerais pela sua dinâmica setorial e pelos seus fatores locacionais, com base nas 66 microrregiões que integram o Estado, nos anos de 2007 e 2014. A base de dados utilizada para o estudo corresponde ao emprego efetivo por atividades econômicas da CNAE 2.0 no período informado, disponíveis pela Relação Anual de Informações Sociais. O intervalo de tempo determinado justifica-se por corresponder ao período mais recente dos dados do Estado mineiro, sendo oito anos um período consideravelmente capaz de captar mudanças na estrutura produtiva das microrregiões estudadas. Ademais, por utilizar, entre outros métodos, o Shift-Share, isto é, o método diferencial-estrutural, este preconiza manipular dois anos, o inicial (2007) e o final (2014), em que, quanto menor o espaço de tempo maior a relevância captada no intervalo proposto. Para o tratamento dos dados foram utilizados métodos complementares da estatística multivariada, sendo eles: o método Diferencial-Estrutural e Análise Correlacionada dos Dados, a Análise de Componentes Principais e a Análise de Clusters. Os cálculos, assim como o tratamento dos dados foram realizados no software estatístico denominado Ambiente R. Entre outros resultados, pode-se destacar que Minas Gerais apresenta uma estrutura produtiva relativamente diversificada entre setores weberianos, tradicionais e dinâmicos, com variação positiva, em termos de oferta de empregos, no período entre 2007 e 2014. Atenta-se, porém, para os setores da indústria dinâmica que demonstraram perda de representatividade de empregos, aludindo à continuação da velha estrutura produtiva de Minas Gerais. Além disso, verifica-se que tais setores (dinâmicos) estão fortemente concentrados nas microrregiões pertencentes à Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e Sul de Minas / This work presents the trajectory of the recent economic-industrial development scenario of Minas Gerais state resulting of the Brazilian industrial deconcentration, which was remarkable from 1970s. The productive deconcentration phenomenon has attracted attention of researchers, who are motivated by the “polarization reversal” studies that has happened, mainly, in developed countries. In the Brazil, it has occurred in the São Paulo state in the last decades. Such phenomenon, which originally would allow greater articulation and integration of the national productive system, has not been enough to narrow regional inequalities. Moreover, recent research points to a new agglomeration process called polygonal development, now concentrated in the Center-South of Brazil. Our study is based on the researches of renowned authors who point out Minas Gerais state as the major beneficiary of the deconcentration process, taking a highlight place in the national industrial production. However, this state clearly demonstrates an uneven development among its various regions. Hence, the aim of this work is to verify the current economic-industrial scenario of Minas Gerais, in the years 2007 and 2014, through its sectoral dynamics and its locational factors based on the 66 microregions that make up the state. The database used for this study refers to the effective employment according to the economic activities of the CNAE 2.0 in the mentioned period, which is available on Annual Social Information Report (RAIS). The time interval is justified because it corresponds to the most recent period of the available data about Minas Gerais state and eight years is a period considerably able to capture changes in the studied microregions productive structure. Moreover, the Shift-Share method employed in this work suggests to manipulate two years, the initial (2007) and the final (2014), so that the smaller time interval the grater the relevance capture in such period. For treatment of the data, it was used multivariate statistical complementary methods: Shift-Share and Correlated Data Analysis; and Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Whole data processing was performed in the statistical software R. Among the results, one can be highlighted that Minas Gerais presents a relatively diversified productive structure among weberian, traditional and dynamic sectors, with a positive variation in the job offer between 2007 and 2014. However, one can notice that sectors of dynamic industry have demonstrated a loss of employments representativeness, which suggests the continuation of the Minas Gerais traditional productive structure. In addition, one can verify that such sectors (dynamics) are strongly concentrated in the regions located at Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Southern of Minas Gerais state.

Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif d’étudier l’évolution de l’« Europe des régions » au sein du Conseil de l’Europe de 1957 à 2010. L’histoire du fait régional au sein de l’Organisation de Strasbourg est caractérisée par trois périodes clés. La première période débute en janvier 1957, avec la première réunion de la Conférence européenne des pouvoirs locaux (CPL) et dure jusqu’en 1975, quand elle devient un organe permanent du Conseil de l’Europe et reconnaît officiellement lesrégions en son sein. Une deuxième période se dessine ensuite de 1975 jusqu’en 1994, date de la création du Congrès des pouvoirs locaux et régionaux d’Europe (CPLRE). Le Congrès a un nouveau rôle politique et une place bien déterminés dans l’architecture institutionnelle du Conseil, et il dispose de deux Chambres, à savoir une Chambre des régions et une Chambre des pouvoirs locaux. Une dernière période s’étale enfin de 1994 à 2010. Il s’agit pour les régions et le Congrès de contribuer à la stabilité démocratique du continent européen par les activités de suivi de la démocratie locale etrégionale, des élections et de la réalisation de plusieurs programmes de coopération. / This research studies the evolution of the “Europe of the regions” in the Council of Europe from 1957 to 2010. The history of regions in the Council of Europe can be divided in three key periods. The first one starts in January 1957, with the first meeting of the European Conference of Local Authorities (ECLA) and ends in 1975, when it becomes a permanent organ of the Council of Europe and recognizes officially the regions. The second period starts in 1975 and ends in 1994, when theCongress of Local and Regional Authorities is created. The Congress has a new political role and status within the institutional architecture of the Council of Europe. Two Chambers are created within the Congress, one for regional authorities and another one for local authorities. The last period spreads from 1994 until 2010. From 1994, the regions and the Congress work to achieve the new statutory role, which is contributing to the democratic stability of the European continent by monitoring local and regional democracy, observing local and regional elections and implementing new cooperation programs.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-31T01:21:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaCabrera.pdf: 4720476 bytes, checksum: 7e1956c4987a2d342ae413e3e56f0d0a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-31T01:21:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RosangelaCabrera.pdf: 4720476 bytes, checksum: 7e1956c4987a2d342ae413e3e56f0d0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-23 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa trata de um estudo sobre o modo como são realizadas as vinculações entre os diferentes atores do Sistema Regional de Inovação (SI), buscando evidenciar como se dá a inovação e a transferência tecnológica em Núcleos de Inovação e Tecnologia (NIT’s) inseridos no Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Sul do Brasil. Foi apoiada pelo projeto CESAR (Contribución de la Educación Superior de América Latina a las Relaciones com el Entorno Socioeconómico), inserido no Programa ALFA III, e financiado pela comissão da União Européia. Cassiolato e Szapiro (2002) destacam que a capacidade de gerar inovações tem sido identificada como fator chave do sucesso, ou insucesso, de empresas e nações. Tal capacidade é obtida através da interdependência entre os atores, produtores e usuários de bens serviços e tecnologias, sendo viabilizada pela especialização em ambientes socioeconômicos. É a partir da ótica da importância do processo inovativo e seu impacto na competitividade que se pretendeu estudar o SI, especialmente os NIT’s. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estabelecer um quadro referencial para analisar as interfaces e mecanismos de interação entre atores do SNI, para suporte à inovação e transferência tecnológica, com base em Núcleos de Inovação e Tecnologia da Região Sul do Brasil. O trabalho foi conduzido através de pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, tendo por abordagem metodológica estudo de casos múltiplos. O processo de proposição do quadro referencial se deu a partir dos conceitos utilizados na construção do referencial teórico, e dos estudos de casos, associando a teoria com os achados de campo. Por fim, os resultados de campo corroboraram o quadro conceitual e propiciaram oportunidades de refinamento do quadro referencial. Observou-se, nos atores acessados, que, ainda que existam entraves a serem superados, a integração das Universidades e dos Núcleos de Inovação e Tecnologia com os atores do sistema de inovação, e a existência de NIT’s apoiados por uma estratégia coerente, pode exercer um importante papel na transferência de tecnologias. / This research focus on how are carried out the linkages between the different actors of the Regional Innovation System (RIS) of southern Brazil, seeking to show how innovation and technology transfer is supported by Innovation and Technology Transfer Offices (NIT’s). The research was supported by the project CESAR (Contribución de la Educación Superior de América Latina a las Relaciones con el Entorno Socioeconómico), under the ALFA III Programm, and funded by the EU commission. Cassiolato and Szapiro (2002) emphasize that the ability to generate innovations has been identified as a key factor of success or failure of companies and nations. This capability is achieved through the interdependence between the actors, producers and users of goods, services and technologies, being supported by specialization in socioeconomic environments. It is from the perspective of the importance of the innovation process and its impact on competitiveness, which this research intended to study the RIS, especially the NIT’s. This study the objective was to establish a referential framework, thereunto we investigate the interfaces for innovation and technology transfer between Innovation and Technology Transfer Offices (ITTO's) of Southern Brazil and other actors of this Regional Innovation System. The study was conducted using descriptive qualitative approach, with the methodological method of a multiple case study. The process of proposition of a referential framework was based on the concepts used in the construction of the theoretical background and in the case studies, linking theory with the findings of the field. Finally, field results corroborated the conceptual framework and provided opportunities to refine the frame of reference. It was observed from the actors accessed that, although there are obstacles to be overcome, the integration of Universities and Centers of Innovation and Technology with the actors in the innovation system, and the existence of NIT’s supported by a coherent strategy, may exert an important role in technology transfer.

Universities around the world are increasingly engaging in activities of technology transfer, intensifying knowledge flows of academic-based research to firms. It is expected that these institutions play an active role in the development of the local economy. In fact, there was a sharp rise in patenting activities by universities over the last years. Moreover, universities have used different mechanisms to support university-industry technology transfer, as for example the implementation of regulatory frameworks and the creation of internal organizations aimed at facilitating interactions with firms. Although prior studies have comprehensively increased our understanding of the ways in which academic knowledge is disseminated, several important questions remain open. In this sense, the purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how university technologies are disseminated to firms, also examining the relationship between idiosyncratic attributes of universities, their regional context and university-industry technology transfer. The essays in this dissertation build on the knowledge spillover and technology transfer literatures, addressing different dimensions of the diffusion of academic knowledge. The dissertation consists of a general introduction, three essays, and a conclusion. The first essay relies on US patent databases, whereas the second and third use data in the context of Brazilian universities. Each essay, from a different perspective, explores dimensions that have not yet been addressed by prior literature. Investigating the dissemination patterns of technological knowledge embedded in university inventions is critical to understanding how and under circumstances scientific research disseminates and is deployed by firms. Along this line, this dissertation contributes to the field of innovation and technology management in several ways. / Universidades ao redor do mundo estão cada vez mais envolvidas em atividades de transferência de tecnologia, intensificando os fluxos de conhecimento da pesquisa acadêmica para empresas. Espera-se que essas instituições desempenhem um papel ativo no desenvolvimento da economia local. De fato, houve um crescimento significativo nas atividades de patenteamento por parte de universidades nos últimos anos. Além disso, as universidades têm utilizado diversos mecanismos para apoiar atividades de transferência de tecnologia, tais como a implementação de regulamentações e a criação de organizações internas destinadas a facilitar as interações com empresas. Embora estudos passados tenham ampliado de forma abrangente a nossa compreensão sobre a disseminação do conhecimento acadêmico, várias questões fundamentais permanecem em aberto. Desse modo, o objetivo desta tese é investigar como tecnologias acadêmicas são disseminadas para empresas, examinando também a relação entre atributos idiossincráticos das universidades, seu contexto regional e atividades de transferência de tecnologia. Os capítulos que seguem se baseiam nas literaturas de spillovers de conhecimento e transferência de tecnologia, abordando diferentes dimensões da difusão do conhecimento acadêmico. Esta tese consiste em uma introdução geral, três capítulos e uma conclusão. O primeiro capítulo baseia-se em dados de bases de patentes americanas, enquanto o segundo e terceiro usam dados no contexto de universidades brasileiras. Cada capítulo, de uma perspectiva diferente, explora dimensões que ainda não foram abordadas pela literatura. A investigação dos padrões de disseminação do conhecimento tecnológico embutido em invenções acadêmicas é fundamental para o entendimento de como e sob quais circunstâncias a pesquisa científica é disseminada e utilizada por empresas. Desse modo, esta tese contribui para o campo da inovação e gestão da tecnologia de diversas maneiras.

Depuis les années 1960, la Tunisie, a développé une politique de tourisme balnéaire demasse basée principalement sur les atouts climatiques du pays et la proximité avec l’Europe. Afin dedévelopper cette politique, l’Etat a joué un rôle central en créant les institutions nécessaires et enencourageant les investissements privés et le pays a ainsi trouvé sa place en tant que destinationtouristique de référence dans le bassin méditerranéen. Cependant, avec la multiplication des offres parles pays concurrents (Maroc, Croatie, Turquie, Egypte, Grèce…), le produit balnéaire tunisiens’essouffle. Il est donc important de diversifier cette offre afin de garder et de développer la clientèle.Dans cette optique, l’Etat avait créé dans les années 1980 le pôle touristique de Tabarka-Ain Drahamavec pour objectif de dynamiser le Nord-Ouest et notamment la Kroumirie, notre zone d’étude.Aujourd’hui, ce massif de moyenne montagne reste toutefois toujours isolé et marginalisé, malgrél’existence à proximité du pôle touristique balnéaire à Tabarka, qui n’a pas pu s’imposer réellementsur la carte touristique du pays à l’instar de la côte orientale (Djerba, Sousse, Hammamet). Le tourismerural n’en demeure pas moins une vraie piste d’action pour un développement durable de la région, vules potentialités locales, à travers notamment la richesse du patrimoine culturel, naturel et historique. / Tunisian balneal tourism, as it was planned, has loosen its motivity since few years and itshows its limitation since tourists are more and more unsatisfied with the environmental quality. Inaddition, Tunisian tourism can restrict to this unique product (balneal tourism) due to the highconcurrence (Turkey, Italy, Spain, Greece…). Moreover, the unstable international situation (attacks,wars…) let a part of customers to define orientations that they see it more secure; like Italy or Greece.Thus, Tunisia starts to diversify its touristic product in order to guarantee an important position for theecotourism. The appearance of this new touristic orientation allows evaluating the natural, socioculturaland popular resources of some regions. It guarantees employment and incomes to the localpopulation, money to the government without threatening natural resources. A well planned andcontrolled ecotourism allow to a region and all its local actors to develop. The ecotourism guaranteethe protection of the environment and the green and archeological spaces and at some time let theplace for tourism. With regard to the diversity of its natural landscape its remarkable fauna and flora,the Kroumirie region – located in Northwestern Tunisia – start to attract the “new tourist” who likenature. Since many years, this region has become the first interest of national and internationalassociations and organizations in order to make it an incontrovertible eco-touristic pole. In fact, theregion dispose of a multitude of natural potential as that mountains, seas, reserves, its natural park…We will introduce the region focusing its eco-touristic potentials.

Governments around the world have pursued ICT based initiatives including the provision of infrastructure to assist regional areas to develop economically (Beckinsale et al. 2006). There has been considerable interest in exploiting ICT to develop high technology clusters and support innovative networks (Lawson & Lorenz 1999). However, these initiatives have met with mixed success. It is clear that such development depends on more than providing appropriate technology Attention to social and organisational factors is crucial if regional areas are to realise the potential of ICT as a tool for regional development (Gengatharen & Standing 2005). It is important to understand the nature of business networking as well as the perspective of those participating in such networks if successful initiatives are to be established. The aim of this research is to identify how ICT can be used for knowledge sharing among businesses in regional areas and how the online networks through which knowledge is shared can contribute to the development of the region. This research investigates the question of what value small businesses in those regions derive from knowledge sharing networks using ICT. It also seeks to identify the value creation potential of those networks for their region. Previous research has shown that large organisations have achieved significant value from virtual communities of practice (VCoPs) as a structure for sharing knowledge and supporting innovation (Wenger 2004). The concept of Communities of Practice and Virtual Communities of Practice provided a useful point of departure for this research. The investigation comprised interpretive case studies of two Australian regional areas and their local business networks which incorporated SMEs in a variety of industries. Each case study was conducted in three stages. First, semi-structured interviews were conducted with regional economic development leaders. Second, 192 small and medium business owners were surveyed about their business activities and their participation in local business networks. Third, in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 small business owners to gain a richer understanding of their participation in knowledge-sharing networks and the value they realised or anticipated from various knowledge-sharing activities. A combined analysis of the two cases was conducted as well as the individual analyses. The research adopted a modified Structured Case method (Carroll & Swatman 2000). The analysis of the two case studies revealed: a.) There was a significant difference between the majority of SMEs who traded within the region and those trading largely beyond the region. The latter’s more proactive online sharing knowledge and seeking of business opportunities would enable them to access most value from VCoEs. b.) The participating SMEs operated in a number of industries and what they had in common was an interest in improving their enterprises. Consequently they used their regional networks which were not aligned to any one industry to make connections and share knowledge. They did not necessarily seek to access specific information. c.) A necessary prerequisite of VCoEs is having vibrant CoEs where face-to-face interaction enhances the development of trust and social capital. This appeared as an important factor facilitating the move to incorporate online knowledge sharing. d.) Younger businesses appeared to gain the most value from knowledge sharing in CoEs as they were using their networks to determine how to grow their firm. e.) The value of VCoEs to the SME participants is primarily in their general connection to other businesses in the region. Since the participants operate in a number of industries, what they have in common is an interest in their enterprises. The main value appears to come from the potential of the VCoEs to add to this connection and to social capital. This study found that successful management of VCoEs must: i) Ensure the network website is actively used by members before attempting to incorporate online knowledge sharing. ii) Monitor and stimulate online forum interaction rather than rely on interaction to occur naturally. iii) Not rely on email as a mechanism for stimulating knowledge sharing. Email is seen as more appropriate for formal documentation than for candid exchange of views. The concept of virtual communities of practice was found to be somewhat inappropriate for the diverse SMEs in the regional networks. Because of their diversity, they do not necessarily see value in sharing knowledge about practice but they do see value in sharing more general information and in providing support, connection and ideas that facilitate the strategic direction of their business. To address this issue, the concept of virtual communities of enterprise (VCoEs) is proposed as recognition of what the participating SMEs had in common: an interest in their individual businesses as part of the region. The original contribution of this research consists of its identification of the issues in linking SMEs across industries. It provides new insights on the business practices of regional SMEs and developed the concepts of Community of Enterprise (CoE) and Virtual Community of Enterprise (VCoE) to capture the special nature of knowledge sharing in regional multi-industry business networks. New perspectives are revealed on the ways that value could be derived from knowledge sharing by these regionally networked SMEs, as such it adds to the body of knowledge in an area where there has been little systematic investigation. This research reinforces the importance of social capital as an essential pre-requisite for accessing the value of intellectual capital in regions. Social capital emerges as vital when establishing and maintaining face-to-face knowledge sharing in regional networks and a necessary pre-condition for successfully establishing online knowledge sharing. Trust is a key factor and this research extends understanding of the role of social capital and the importance of trust in regional networks and online interaction. Its findings have significant implications for the development and management of CoEs and VCoEs as it outlines the key elements that need to be addressed when establishing and maintaining them, the appropriate applications for this context and the issues involved in management of the networking and online contexts. These findings not only increase our understanding of the management dynamics of online networks, they can also provide guidance to those seeking to establish successful VCoEs.

<p>This essay examines resident experiences and notions of the Gotland countryside and their ideas about the future. In particular the countryside is studied as both space and place. In space and place people interacting. People are therefore important components in the study of the landscape. One can say that the landscape and the interaction between people affect resident experiences and notions of the countryside, as well as people certainly affect the landscape. From that point of view is the landscape seen as a social construction. Moreover, the study examines the residents’ attitudes to tourism in the countryside, tourists being a group of importance for Gotland’s regional development. The study also identifies reasons behind experiences and attitudes. The study is based on questionnaires and interviews with residents’ and three different groups are studied; the general public, farmers, and public servants, who in one way or another work with regional development.</p><p>The study shows residents’ positive and negative opinions as well as similarities and differences among the three studied groups. One important finding is that public servants tend to think that other people are more positive towards the future than they really are. Nevertheless, positive and negative perspectives are important to be aware of to understand residents’ situation, likewise to be able to have an influence on people, their attitudes and situations. Eventually, it is clear that sense of place and experience of space affect residents’ ideas about the future and vice versa. Therefore these aspects need to be taken into consideration in physical planning and regional development.</p> / <p>Denna studie om Gotlands landsbygd och invånarnas framtidstro är ett examensarbete i geografi, inriktning kulturgeografi, vid Södertörns högskola. Syftet är att beskriva hur invånarna upplever landsbygden och vad de har för tro på framtiden, vilket sker genom studier av tre grupper; allmänheten, tjänstemän och lantbrukare. Vidare är syftet att analysera vilka attityder och inställningar som finns till landsbygden samt identifiera påverkansfaktorer. Studien baseras på en enkätundersökning och åtta intervjuer. Geografiska teorier har sedan använts, framförallt teorier om ”sense of place” (medvetenheten om känslan till en plats). Hänsyn tas till samhällsutvecklingen som gett flertalet konsekvenser för landsbygden och dess befolkning samt turistnäringen som har blivit en allt viktigare näring för Gotland, när påverkansfaktorer samt människors upplevelser, inställningar och attityder undersöks.</p><p>Studien har tillkommit utifrån en förförståelse om att Gotlands landsbygd sedan några decennier genomgått åtskilliga utmaningar, särskilt inom jordbruksnäringen (inom jordbruksnäringen avses både jord- och lantbruk) som är en betydelsefull näring för hela ön. Sedan något år tillbaka har landsbygden på ön dessutom stått inför särskilda prövningar i och med att industrier och andra verksamheter lagts ned eller flyttats. Skolor och övrig samhällsservice samlas allt mer i Visby, som är Gotlands enda stad.</p><p>Den bild som skildras av landsbygden skiljer sig åt mellan allmänheten, tjänstemännen och lantbrukarna. Allmänheten och tjänstemännen upplever landsbygden och turismen på landsbygden positivt. När det däremot gäller samhällsutvecklingen ser tjänstemännen odelat positivt på hur den påverkar livsvillkoren på landsbygden, medan allmänheten tydligt visar en oro för dess konsekvenser för landsbygden. För de enskilda lantbrukarna spelar egen intressen och specialisering inom jordbruksnäringen stor roll för deras syn på landsbygden. Därtill är odlingsförutsättningar på olika delar av ön samt avstånd till samhällsservice (dvs. geologi och geografi) påverkande faktorer på deras upplevelse av landsbygden och är tillsammans med egenintressen också avgörande för lantbrukarnas framtidstro.</p><p>I undersökningen framträder såväl den enskilde personens grundinställning som individuella och situationsberoende attityder. Både mer eller mindre positiva och negativa attityder kommer till uttryck vad gäller människors upplevelser och framtidstro. Sammantaget bidrar människors olika attityder till en mer sammansatt helhetsbild, vilken är av vikt att klargöra och beakta i en utvecklingsprocess.</p><p>Studien visar också att allmänhetens syn på samhällsutvecklingen och landsbygdens befolkningsminskning, inte nödvändigtvis hör samman med den verklighet som råder idag. Bland annat skildras en upplevelse av avfolkning vilket egentligen speglar situationen på landsbygden för tio år sedan. En annan skillnad är att tjänstemännen tror att landsbygds-befolkningens framtidstro är positiv i större utsträckning än den faktiskt tycks vara. Samtliga undersökningsgrupper visar vidare en öppen attityd till turistnäringen. Det finns dock reservationer; att vissa platser överexploateras, att områden står outnyttjade större delen av året och att material, byggnadsstil och utformning stör den lokala miljön. I fysisk samhälls-planering och regional utveckling är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till landsbygdsbefolkningens känsla till platsen, upplevelse av rummet och framtidstro – eftersom det i studien framkommit att dessa aspekter understödjer en framgångsrik och hållbar regional utveckling.</p>

<p>This thesis begins by making two observations. First, that the regional economic landscapes in which we all live our daily lives, and which provide the basis for employment and prosperity, are constantly changing. Second, that one of the most popular strategies currently pursued by regions and nations for coping with such change, relies heavily on innovation within a few high-tech industries, biotech being one prominent example. The thesis is an investigation into the potential – and limits – of biotech-based development policies for creating renewal and economic growth at the local, regional or national scales. How does it really work when a team of biotech researchers develops a new invention? How can a small Swedish town manage to attract large foreign direct investments and stay competitive in the global biotech landscape? How is the performance of biotech knowledge workers affected by the places they live in, go to, leave, and make up? What impact can a biotech firm have on the local economic landscape in which it is located? These are the kind of questions that are studied in the four papers that make up this thesis. The thesis develops a conceptual framework within which we can better understand the extent to which mono-territorial actors, like regional and national policymakers, can influence high-tech sectors like biotech; sectors that are polycentric in nature and only partly take place in, or pass through, regional and national territories.</p>