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The implications of introducing shift work and flexible working hours into the clothing industry. An investigation into the implications of introducing shift work and flexible working hours into the U. K. clothing industry with special reference to their effect on personnel, plant utilisation and garment costs.Ayatollahi, Abbas January 1976 (has links)
The implications of introducing shift work and flexible working hours into the UK clothing industry were examined, with special reference to the effects on personnel, plant utilisation and garment costs. A total of 37 garment manufacturing establishments, within 17 companies, were visited; 91 managers (for production and economic data)and 1018 supervisors and operatives, 87% female and 13% male, (for social data) were consulted. The main points arising from the survey are:- 1 . Social (i) The average age and length of service of respondents were respectively 30.4 and 7.1 for women and 40 and 13.9 for men. Nearly three fifths were married and over half of the women had children, most of them at school or pre-school stage. (ii) Over four fifths were committed to some kind of housework; 3 to 5 hours between 17.00 and 24.00 hours were usually spent on this task but about 9% spent more than 5 hours on it. (iii) Over half would be very much bothered by the inability to carry on their individual and/or group social activities. About two thirds would also be concerned by a change in the period of and time for sleep and meal times. Nearly two fifths used public transport for the journey to work. (iv) Only 15% had worked on multiple shifts previous to their present employment and 16% left their previous job because of being on shifts or unsuitable hours. About one fifth worked currently part-time and only 13% wanted to change their existing working system so that they might gain extra convenience and leisure in their working life. (v) The unsolicited personal choice of working systems were mainly shifts (13%), flexible working hours (14%) and part-time day work (30%); working only in school hours appeared to attract the choice of about 40% of the women. (vi) From the points above, it seemed that a high proportion of married female workers, mostly with dependent children and committed to housework, would probably react against shift work. The availability of part-time work together with the normal day work habit acquired would also affect the employees' attitudes towards the acceptance of even flexible working hours. 2. Production (i) The main problems involved with introducing shift work were considered to be sharing of equipment, bonus and piece rate payment and responsibility for quality failures. Dislike of sharing machines by operatives was considered to be a severe problem in sewing section and the extent of this dislike seemed higher in traditional rather than non traditional clothing areas; the operatives' age and length of service appeared to affect their attitudes. The smaller the period of time for each job then the less the problem of sharing payment and responsibility could become. (ii) Introduction of flexible working hours could create the difficulties of shortage and/or excess of supply of work within the production flow with interdependent operations; the extent of the problem could vary with the amount of work in progress and the period of time spent by each operative on the garment and/or its parts. Economic (i) Garment cost elements are material, labour, variable and fixed overheads (survey averages 50.6%, 24.9%, 8% and 16.5%), of which labour and variable overheads would be affected by introducing multiple shifts and only fixed overheads by flexible working hours. There should be a decrease in variable overheads per garment because of sharing a fixed amount of cost between shifts, an increase in labour cost due to shift premium and an increase in fixed overheads because of longer opening hours of the plant on flexible working hours. (ii) The capital employed on plant and machinery, C, could often be divided by the number of shifts so that this could help to increase profitability by a factor of 2 or 3. (iii) General formulae were established, using the most relevant variables, for calculating the profitability and profitability ratios of different working schemes. Generally, if the number of shifts are increased then the profitability of the plant could be very greatly increased. This was well illustrated from the calculated profitability ratios of about 2 and 3 respectively, when industrial survey values were used, for 2 and 3 shift systems replacing a single shift system. Profitability of flexible working hours would, theoretically, be less than that of single shift, but there might be some economic gains, such as reduced rates of labour turnover and absenteeism (which are currently high in the garment industry), arising from the introduction of flexible working hours. / Iranian Ministry of Science and Higher Education and
Teheran Polytechnic
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Byggprojektets arbetstider : En studie om förändrade arbetstider i ett byggprojektBylander, Samuel January 2021 (has links)
Ett byggprojekt använder idag cirka 21% av den tid som finns tillgänglig och står under den övriga tiden stilla. Samtidigt beräknas ungefär en tredjedel av arbetsdagens timmar försvinna som slöseri. En optimal situation hade inneburit ett 100% nyttjande av den tillgängliga tiden vilket i sig kunnat innebära en ökad effektivitet. Tidsanvändningen inom ett projekt påverkar resursanvändningen, där resursen arbetskraft idag motsvarar mellan 10–60% av den totala projektkostnaden. Planeringen av den tillgängliga tiden görs med hjälp av tidplaner och arbetsplatsens arbetstider blir styrande vid upprättandet av en tidplan. Genom att förändra arbetstiderna så förändras nyttjandegraden av den tillgängliga arbetstiden vilket möjliggör för en ökad effektivitet inom ett byggprojekt. Syftet med den genomförda studien har varit att undersöka vilka hinder och drivkrafter som finns för en förändring av de nuvarande arbetstiderna vid ett byggprojekt. Fokus har varit ett valt ombyggnadsprojekt i Stockholm. Målet med studien var att genom en kartläggning och identifiering av faktorerna bidra till en ökad förståelse och kunskap inom området samt redogöra för de interna förutsättningarna som bör finnas för en förändring av arbetstiderna. För att besvara syftet genomfördes en utforskande abduktiv fallstudie. Genom workshopar och intervjuer inhämtades primärdata direkt från fallprojektet, samtidigt som en litteraturstudie genomfördes med utgångspunkt i vad som framkommit av studiens inledande del. I slutskedet genomfördes en simulering av fallprojektets tidplan för två valda aktiviteter där den ordinarie arbetstiden ersattes av skiftarbete och en utökad arbetstid i form av en 7-dagarsvecka, med syftet att teoretiskt testa en arbetstidsförändring. Förändringen visade på en minskning om 43% respektive 19% av den totala kalendertiden. Resultatet från studien visar att det finns 15 stycken faktorer som påverkar eller påverkas av att arbetstiderna skulle förändras vid byggprojektet. Faktorerna kan ses som antingen drivkrafter eller hinder, där de interna drivkrafterna antingen kan ses som incitament till en förändring eller som resultat av förändringen. De interna drivkrafter som identifieras i studien är kontraktshandlingar, förseningar, arbetsmetoder, projektets utgifter samt produktionstid/tid för färdigställande. Interna hinder som identifieras ses som svårigheter och hindrande faktorer. Dessa faktorer identifieras som projektorganisationen, informationsöverföring, personalutrymmen, säkerhet, administrativa arbetsuppgifter samt arbetsplatslogistik. Som externa hinder identifieras arbetstid och arbetstidslagen, kollektivavtal, lönemodeller och lokala regler inom Stockholm stad. De interna förutsättningarna som bör finnas för en implementering av förändrade arbetstider är en tidig förankring mellan delaktiga parter, att arbetsplatsens kapacitet fastställs med avseende på resurserbehovet samt att implementeringen regelbundet följs upp. Studien indikerar på att man genom dessa tre insatser kan ge ett projekt de rätta förutsättningarna till en framgångsrik implementering av förändrade arbetstider. Slutligen rekommenderas fallföretaget att fortsatt utvärdera behovet av dagens arbetstider samt hur behovet av en arbetstidsförändring ser ut, eftersom studien indikerar på att det finns fördelar för ett projekt med helt eller delvis förändrade arbetstider i produktionen. / A construction project today uses about 21% of the time that is available and stands still for the rest of the time. At the same time, it is estimated that about a third of the working day's hours will disappear as waste. An optimal situation would be a 100% utilization of the available time, which could mean increased efficiency. The use of time within a project affects the use of resources, where the labor costs today corresponds to between 10–60% of the total project cost. The planning of the available time is done with schedules and the workplace's working hours become governing when establishing a schedule. By changing working hours, the utilization rate of the available working hours changes, which enables increased efficiency within a construction project. The purpose of the completed study has been to investigate the obstacles and driving forces that exist for a change in the current working hours of a construction project. The focus has been on a redevelopment project in Stockholm. The aim of the study was to contribute to an increased understanding and knowledge in the area through a mapping and identification of the factors and to account for the internal conditions that should exist for a change in working hours. To answer the purpose, an exploratory abductive case study was conducted. Through workshops and interviews, primary data were obtained directly from the case project. Meanwhile a literature study was carried out based on the introductory part of the study. In the final phase, a simulation of the case project's schedule was carried out for two selected activities where the regular working hours were replaced by shift work and an extended working hours in the form of a 7-day week, with the aim of theoretically testing a change in working hours. The change resulted in a reduction of 43% and 19% of the total calendar time. The results show that there are 15 factors that affect or are affected by the fact that working hours would change during the construction project. The factors are either driving forces or obstacles, where the internal driving forces can either be incentives for a change or as a result of the change. The internal driving forces identified in the study are contract documents, delays, working methods, project expenses and production time/time for completion. Internal barriers that are identified are difficulties and hindering factors. These factors are identified as the project organization, information transfer, staff spaces, security, administrative tasks and workplace logistics. Working hours and the Working Hours Act, collective agreements, wage models and local rules within the City of Stockholm are identified as external obstacles. The internal preconditions that should exist for an implementation of changed working hours are an early anchoring between the parties involved, that the workplace's capacity is determined regarding the need for resources and that the implementation is followed up regularly. The study indicates that through these three initiatives one can give a project the right conditions for a successful implementation of changed working hours. Finally, the company is recommended to continue evaluating the need for current working hours and what the need for a change in working hours looks like, as the study indicates that there are benefits with completely or partially changed working hours in production.
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Vårdpersonals upplevelse av work-life balance : En studie efter införandet av det nya direktivet gällande 11 timmars sammanhängande dygnsvila / Healthcare workers' experience of work-life balance : A study after the introduction of the new directive regarding 11 hours of continuous daily restBälin, Lina, Bergman, Kajsa January 2024 (has links)
Under hösten 2023 infördes ett nytt direktiv gällande 11 timmars sammanhängande dygnsvilaför anställda inom Sveriges kommuner och regioner. Direktivet har förändratarbetsförutsättningarna för vårdpersonal, en yrkesgrupp som ofta arbetar skift. Syftet medstudien var därför att undersöka vårdpersonals upplevelse av work-life balance vid skiftarbetesedan det nya direktivet trädde i kraft. För att undersöka detta genomfördes en kvalitativstudie bestående av åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer med undersköterskor och sjuksköterskor,vilka analyserades med en induktiv tematisk analys. Resultatet visade att respondenternalägger stor vikt vid att försöka separera arbetslivet från privatlivet för att på så sätt skapabalans i livet. Trots detta upplevde dock majoriteten av respondenterna att arbetet går ut överprivatlivet. Resultatet tyder på att det nya direktivet gällande 11 timmars sammanhängandedygnsvila har haft en negativ inverkan på respondenternas work-life balance / During the autumn of 2023, the new directive regarding 11 hours of continuous daily rest foremployees within Sweden's municipalities and regions was introduced. The directive haschanged the working conditions for healthcare staff, a professional group that often works inshifts. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate the healthcare workers'experience of work-life balance during shift work since the new directive came into effect. Toexamine this, a qualitative study was performed in which eight semi-structured interviewswere conducted with assistant nurses and nurses, which were analyzed using inductivethematic analysis. The results showed that the respondents put a lot of emphasis on trying toseparate work life from private life in order to create balance in life. Despite this, however,the majority of respondents felt that work overrides private life. The results indicate that thenew directive regarding 11 hours of continuous daily rest have had a negative impact on therespondents' work-life balance.
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Shift Work in Construction Projects : A Study on Alternative Ways of Working to Enhance Social and Financial Value Creation in Production / Skiftarbete i byggprojekt : En studie av alternativa sätt att arbeta för att öka socialt och finansiellt värdeskapande inom produktionFritzdorf, Julia, Drangel, Elsa January 2024 (has links)
This study aims to explore the possibilities and potential value creation of a large-scale implementation of shift work within the construction sector, allowing production ongoing more than 40 hours per week. This is not a novel concept in construction, however it is not a standardised way of working and today often brings many obstacles. Previous research within construction management has focused on the traditional approaches in measuring success from metrics like time, cost and quality. A general research statement is that the construction industry is stagnant and calls for development. As there is an increased recognition in the need of looking beyond these traditional measures, this thesis has therefore delved into both the intangible and direct values, regarding social and financial aspects of implementing shift work in the production phase. The work is done through a qualitative method, including semistructured interviews with respondents holding experience in the field and that previously have worked in shift work projects. The interviews are conducted with personnel of the contractor, as well as with three different client organisations in order to gather a diverse picture and opinions. The empirical data suggests that implementing shift work as a standardised way to schedule would not be appropriate as of today. Firstly, the management knowledge is not existent at the time and needs to be developed in order to implement shift work in a more extensive way. However, this managerial progress would be well received as it would be beneficial in all types of projects. It is seen that today, there are potential social and financial values that are unutilised regarding personal flexibility, cost savings and competitive development. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles that need to be considered. Resistance to change within the construction industry is holding back potential innovation and development, health aspects need to be further treated and finding motivated employees. The recommended way of designing shift work is eight hour days and 40 hour week, per person, as this is a physically demanding labour and to ensure long term health and work environment safety. A well functioning and the most appreciated shift schedule has seen to be designed with two rotational shifts, with overlapping handovers and management teams. From a competitive approach, decreasing project duration would be considered as valuable to the clients which would decrease their risks by generating their project and revenues earlier. This is more important now with higher interest rates compared to the last decade and as the recent years have proved uncertain and shown how it is difficult to foresee organisational needs several years ahead of time. The analysis shows that the main driving force of the industry’s development is the clients that have to demand more from the contractors regarding shorter project durations, and could request alternative timelines as this is what is desired today. The contractors should focus their resources to develop innovative ways of working to ensure a remaining competitive market position, before they are bypassed by smaller, more innovative organisations that drive industry change. / Denna studie syftar till att undersöka möjligheterna och det potentiella värdeskapandet av att införa skiftarbete inom byggsektorn, vilket möjliggör produktion som pågår mer än 40 timmar per vecka. Detta är inte ett nytt koncept inom byggbranschen men det är inte heller ett standardiserat arbetssätt och som idag ofta medför många hinder. Tidigare forskning inom byggbranschen har fokuserat på de traditionella metoderna för att mäta framgång med hjälp av aspekterna: tid, kostnad och kvalitet. Ett generellt forskningssynpunkt är att byggbranschen är stagnerad och kräver utveckling. Eftersom det finns ett ökat erkännande av behovet av att se bortom dessa traditionella mått har denna uppsats därför fördjupat sig i både de indirekta och direkta värdena, med avseende på sociala och ekonomiska aspekter av att implementera skiftarbete i produktionsfasen. Arbetet genomförs med en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer med respondenter som har erfarenhet inom området och som arbetat i projekt med skiftarbete. Intervjuerna görs med anställda från entreprenören samt med tre olika kunder för att få ett flersidigt perspektiv. Den empiriska datan tyder på att det i dagsläget inte är lämpligt att införa skiftarbete som ett standardiserat sätt att schemalägga byggprojekt. För det första finns inte tillräcklig kunskap som krävs för att genomföra detta och som måste utvecklas för att införa skiftarbete på ett storskaligt sätt. Denna utveckling av projektledning skulle dock vara fördelaktig eftersom den skulle vara till nytta i alla typer av framtida byggprojekt. Vi har sett att det idag finns potentiella sociala och ekonomiska värden som inte utnyttjas inom industrin och att det finns vissa hinder som måste tas i beaktning. Motstånd till förändring inom byggbranschen hindrar idag potentiell innovation och utveckling, vidare behöver hälsoaspekterna noggrannare beaktas och det är idag svårt att hitta motiverade medarbetare. Det rekommenderade sättet att arbeta är åtta timmars arbetsdag och 40 timmars arbetsvecka per person, eftersom det är ett fysiskt krävande arbete och för att säkerställa hälsa och arbetsmiljö på lång sikt. Schemat kan därefter utformas med två roterande skift, med överlappande överlämningar och ledningsgrupper som har visat sig fungera bra och vara mest uppskattat. Ur ett konkurrensperspektiv skulle en kortare projekttid betraktas som värdefull för kunderna, eftersom det skulle minska deras risker genom att projektet överlämnas och intäkterna genereras tidigare. Detta är ännu viktigare idag i och med högre räntor jämfört med det senaste årtiondet och då de föregående åren har visat sig vara osäkra och belyst hur svårt det kan vara att förutse organisatoriska behov och position flera år i förväg. Analysen pekar på att den främsta drivkraften för branschens utveckling är beställarna som måste kräva mer av entreprenörerna gällande projektens varaktighet och bör begära alternativa tidsplaner eftersom det är vad som efterfrågas idag. Entreprenörerna bör vidare fokusera sina resurser på att utveckla innovativa arbetssätt för att säkerställa en fortsatt konkurrenskraftig marknadsposition, innan de blir passerade av mindre och mer innovativa företag som driver utvecklingen i branschen.
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Alterações cardiometabólicas e de sono em motoristas de caminhão / Cardiometabolic and sleep changes in truck driversMarqueze, Elaine Cristina 13 December 2012 (has links)
Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar o efeito presumido do horário irregular de trabalho, do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e da atividade física nos aspectos cardiometabólicos e de sono em motoristas de caminhão. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal em uma população de 101 motoristas de caminhão que trabalhavam em uma transportadora de cargas de São Paulo (SP). Após os critérios de exclusão, permaneceram no estudo 57 motoristas (26 do turno diurno e 31 do turno irregular). Os motoristas responderam a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e do trabalho, além do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física, IPAQ e um questionário para avaliar demanda, controle e apoio social no trabalho. Foram medidas a massa corporal, a estatura, circunferências abdominal e do quadril e o perímetro cervical. Foi realizada uma coleta de sangue em jejum de 12 horas para determinação das concentrações plasmáticas de glicemia, colesterol total e frações triglicérides, leptina, grelina e insulina. Os motoristas também utilizaram por sete dias consecutivos actímetros para estimar os padrões de sono. Para comparação das características sociodemográficas, de trabalho, de saúde e estilo de vida, medidas antropométricas, atividade física, hábitos alimentares, aspectos de sono, parâmetros fisiológicos, bioquímicos e hormonais foram realizados testes de estatística inferencial, após a realização da estatística descritiva. Resultados: Os motoristas obesos apresentaram concentrações de leptina cerca de cinco vezes maior em relação aos eutróficos (p<0,01), sendo que estas foram 40 por cento maiores entre os obesos do turno irregular em relação aos obesos do turno diurno (p<0,01). Por outro lado, os motoristas obesos apresentaram menor concentração de grelina que os motoristas eutróficos (p<0,04). O IMC médio dos motoristas irregulares foi significativamente maior do que dos motoristas diurnos (28,4 ± 3,8 kg/m2 vs 26,4 ± 3,6 kg/m2, p=0,04). A prática de atividade física no tempo de lazer foi baixa em ambos os grupos (<150 min/semana). O teste de Mann-Whitney mostrou que os motoristas do turno irregular eram mais ativos fisicamente do que os motoristas do turno diurno (99 ± 166 min/semana vs 23 ± 76 min/semana, p<0,01). A análise de covariância revelou que os motoristas do turno irregular moderadamente ativos apresentaram maiores pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica (143,7 e 93,2 mmHg, respectivamente) que os motoristas diurnos moderadamente ativos (116 e 73,3 mmHg, respectivamente) (p<0,05), assim como maior concentração de colesterol total que os motoristas diurnos moderadamente ativos (232,1 e 145 mg/dl, respectivamente) (p=0,01). Independentemente da prática de atividade física, motoristas irregulares apresentaram concentrações mais elevadas de colesterol total e LDL-colesterol (211,8 e 135,7 mg/dl, respectivamente) do que os diurnos (161,9 e 96,7 mg/dl, respectivamente) (Ancova, p<0,05). Considerando-se os motoristas dos dois turnos, observou-se associação entre atividade física e menor latência do sono (Ancova, p=0,04) e melhor eficiência do sono (Ancova, p=0,02). Conclusões: Para a população estudada, a prática de atividade física não foi associada à redução da presença de fatores de risco cardiometabólicos, embora tenha sido associada a uma boa qualidade de sono. A associação observada entre as concentrações dos hormônios reguladores do apetite e o IMC, em conjunto com a associação entre turno e obesidade, sugere a necessidade de realizar estudos sobre o papel do turno de trabalho nas alterações hormonais. Além disso, devido à demanda elevada, longas jornadas e maior tempo de trabalho na profissão, o trabalho dos motoristas de caminhão está associado ao desenvolvimento de fatores de risco cardiometabólicos / Objective: The main aim of this study was to analyse the putative effect of irregular-shift work, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity on cardiometabolic and sleep aspects in truck drivers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken of 101 truck drivers working for a São Paulo-based transportation company (São Paulo State). A total of 57 drivers (26 day-shift and 31 irregular-shift workers) were included in the study after application of the exclusion criteria. All drivers completed a questionnaire collecting data on sociodemographic data and work characteristics, and also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) along with a questionnaire assessing load, control and social support in the workplace. Measurements of BMI, height, waist/hip circumferences and cervical perimeter were taken. Fasting blood samples (12 hrs.) were collected to determine concentrations of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride fractions, leptin, ghrelin and insulin. Drivers also wore actigraphy devices for seven consecutive days to estimate sleep patterns. After descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistical tests were employed to compare the following data: sociodemographic, work, health and life-style characteristics, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, dietary habits, sleep aspects, as well as physiological, biochemical and hormonal parameters. Results: Obese drivers had five-fold higher concentrations of leptin than normal-weight drivers (p<0.01), with leptin levels 40 per cent greater in irregular-shift than day-shift obese (p<0.01). Obese drivers had lower ghrelin levels than drivers of normal weight (p<0.04). Mean BMI was significantly higher among irregularshift than day-shift workers (28.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2 vs 26.4 ± 3.6 kg/m2, p=0.04). The practice of leisure-time physical activity was generally low in both groups (<150 min/week). Results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that irregular-shift drivers were more physically active than day-shift workers (99 ± 166 min/week vs 23 ± 76 min/week, p<0.01). Analysis of covariance revealed that moderately-active irregular-shift workers had higher systolic and diastolic arterial pressures (143.7 and 93.2 mmHg, respectively) than moderately-active day-shift workers (116 and 73.3 mmHg, respectively) (p<0.05) as well as higher total cholesterol concentrations (232.1 and 145 mg/dl, respectively) (p=0.01). Independently of the practice of physical activity, irregular-shift drivers had higher total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (211.8 and 135.7 mg/dl, respectively) than day-shift workers (161.9 and 96.7 mg/dl, respectively (Ancova, p<0.05). For drivers of both shift types, an association between physical activity and shorter sleep latency (Ancova, p=0.04) and superior sleep efficiency (Ancova, p=0.02) was observed. Conclusions: For the population studied, the practice of physical activity was not associated with reduced presence of the cardiometabolic risk factors, although it has been associated with good quality sleep. The association observed between concentration of appetite-regulating hormones and BMI, and also between shift-type and obesity, points to the need for further studies investigating the role of shift work in hormonal changes. In addition, given the elevated work load, long working hours and time on the job associated with the profession, working as a truck driver is associated with the development of cardiometabolic risk factor
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Intervenção fisioterapêutica para redução de dores musculoesqueléticas e melhoria da qualidade do sono em motoristas de caminhão que trabalham em turnos irregulares / Physiotherapeutic intervention for reducing musculoskeletal pain and improving sleep quality in truck drivers working irregular shiftsLemos, Lucia Castro 07 November 2014 (has links)
Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre queixas de dores musculoesqueléticas e turno irregular de trabalho, assim como avaliar a resposta de uma intervenção fisioterapêutica nas queixas musculoesqueléticas e em parâmetros do sono. Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa constituiu um estudo transversal com 71 motoristas de caminhão que trabalhavam em uma empresa transportadora de cargas localizada na cidade de São Paulo (SP). Após os critérios de exclusão, teve início a segunda etapa do estudo. Participaram desta etapa 49 motoristas, sendo 24 do horário irregular, que inclui o horário noturno e 25 do horário diurno. Dentre estes 49 motoristas, 13 concordaram em participar de um programa de intervenção fisioterapêutica por 16 sessões (quatro meses). Os motoristas responderam a um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos e de condições de trabalho, além de um específico sobre queixa de dores musculoesqueléticas e utilizaram por dez dias consecutivos actímetros em conjunto com protocolos de atividades diárias para estimar os padrões de sono. A intervenção consistiu de sessões de exercícios de alongamento e fortalecimento muscular. A análise do quadro doloroso foi realizada pela Escala Visual Analógica e pelo Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares. Resultados: 80,3 por cento dos motoristas referiram dor musculoesquelética nos últimos 12 meses, sendo que a prevalência de dores para a coluna vertebral foi de 66,2 por cento nesse mesmo período. O sono de má qualidade foi referido por 48 por cento dos motoristas do horário diurno e por 52 por cento dos motoristas do horário irregular e não houve associação significativa entre o sono de má qualidade e horário de trabalho (p=0,08). Foi encontrada associação entre sono de má qualidade e queixa de dor musculoesquelética para todas as regiões estudadas, exceto para os membros inferiores (p<0,05) nos últimos 12 meses e na última semana antecedente à pesquisa. Para as regiões com maior prevalência de queixa de dor os fatores associados foram a área da transferência (p<0,001) e o sono de má qualidade (p=0,05). Dos participantes da segunda etapa, os motoristas do horário irregular tem maior chance de apresentar sono de curta duração em relação aos motoristas do horário diurno (p<0,001). As variáveis estatisticamente significativas associadas para a duração do sono foram o horário irregular de trabalho (p<0,001) e dirigir acima de 10 horas (p=0,04). A duração do sono e o horário de trabalho foram preditores para queixa de dor na coluna dorsal, lombar e vertebral em relação aos últimos 12 meses. Dos 13 motoristas que iniciaram a intervenção, somente dois do horário diurno a completaram. Houve percepção da melhora do quadro álgico por estes motoristas. Conclusões: Há elevada prevalência de dores musculoesqueléticas entre motoristas, independente do horário de trabalho. Entretanto, sono de má qualidade, curta duração de sono e presença de dor parecem estar associados. Embora o programa de intervenção fisioterapêutica para redução de dores musculoesqueléticas tenha sido bem avaliado pelos motoristas, sua realização foi dificultada pela escolha da empresa dos horários e dias da semana em que a mesma foi realizada. / Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the association between musculoskeletal pain complaints and irregular shift work and to assess response to a physiotherapeutic intervention in terms of musculoskeletal pain and sleep parameters. This study was performed in two stages. The first stage entailed a cross-sectional study involving 71 truck drivers working for a freight company in São Paulo city (São Paulo State). The second stage of the study commenced after applying the exclusion criteria and included 49 drivers, 24 of whom worked irregular hours, including night shifts, and 25 that worked day shifts only. Of the 49 drivers, 13 agreed to take part in a physiotherapeutic intervention program of 16 sessions (four months). The drivers answered a questionnaire collecting sociodemographic and work-related data in addition to a specific questionnaire on musculoskeletal pain complaints. Participants wore actimeters for 10 consecutive days and filled out daily activity forms to estimate sleep patterns. The intervention comprised sessions of stretching and muscle strength exercises. Pain symptoms were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale and the Nordic Osteomuscular Symptoms Questionnaire. Results: A total of 80.3 per cent of the drivers reported musculoskeletal pain in the past 12 months, and pain prevalence for the spinal column was 66.2 per cent over the same period. Poor sleep quality was reported by 48 per cent of drivers on day shifts and by 52 per cent of drivers working irregular hours. No statistically significant association between poor sleep and work times was detected (p=0.08). An association between poor sleep quality and musculoskeletal pain was found for all body regions studied, except for lower limbs (p<0.05) in the past 12 months and the week preceding the study. The associated factors for the regions with higher prevalence of pain complaints were transfer area (p<0.001) and poor sleep quality (p=0.05). Of the participants in the second stage, drivers working irregular shifts had a greater likelihood of having short sleep duration compared to drivers working day shifts (p<0.001). A statistically significant association was identified between sleep duration and the variables working irregular shifts (p<0.001) and driving for longer than 10 hours (p=0.04). Sleep duration and work shift were predictors for pain complaints in the dorsal spine, lumbar spine and spinal column over the past 12 months. Of the 13 drivers who initially embarked on the intervention, only two of the day shift drivers completed the program. All drivers perceived pain improvements. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among drivers, irrespective of work shift. Poor sleep quality, short sleep duration and presence of pain appear to be associated factors. Although the physiotherapeutic intervention program for reducing musculoskeletal pain was assessed positively by the drivers, its implementation was hampered by the times and days of the week chosen by the company to run the program.
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Queixas osteomusculares e trabalho em turno / Musculoskeletal complaints and sftworkTomazini, Gislene Guimarães Garcia 21 June 2013 (has links)
Objetivo: Comparar a sobrecarga no sistema musculoesquelético e na qualidade de vida de trabalhadores em turnos fixos matutinos, vespertinos e noturnos. Métodos: A amostra deste estudo foi composta de 254 trabalhadores de uma empresa ligada ao setor automotivo. As coletas foram realizadas em uma cidade brasileira de médio porte no ano de 2011. Os trabalhadores foram divididos em grupos de turnos: G1. 87 Trabalhadores do Turno Matutino (6:00 - 14:00); G2. 87 Trabalhadores do Turno Vespertino (14:00 - 22:00); G3. 80 Trabalhadores do Turno Noturno (22:00 - 6:00). Foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Musculoesqueléticos e Questionário de Qualidade de Vida SF-36. Foi estimada a prevalência, com respectivo intervalo de 95% de confiança, para as queixas músculoesqueléticas. Análises bivariadas foram usadas para identificar possíveis associações entre as queixas musculoesqueléticas e as variáveis independentes. Resultados: Analisando o odds ratio da ocorrência de dor em função das variáveis: idade, escolaridade, composição familiar, função, tempo de trajeto até o trabalho, realização de outras atividades, tempo de vínculo empregatício e qualidade de vida avaliada pelo SF-36, verificou-se que o tempo de trajeto maior que 30 minutos representa é um risco associado (OR 2,51; IC95%: 1,34 - 4,69) à presença de dor e o relato de melhor qualidade de vida, proteção (OR 0,16; IC95%: 0,08 - 0,29). Nas análises associativas, a qualidade de vida foi a única variável significativa foi para o turno de trabalho. O turno noturno foi associado a pior qualidade de vida (OR 2,07; IC95%: 1,11 - 3,84). Conclusões: Não houve associação entre as queixas músculoesqueléticas e os diferentes turnos de trabalho. A qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores mostrou um efeito protetivo para a dor, porém apresentou- se pior nos trabalhadores do turno noturno, quando comparados aos turnos matutinos e vespertinos / This study aims to evaluate the impact of night work on the musculoskeletal system and the quality of life for workers who perform their work in shifts. The study was conducted in a company linked to the automotive industry. The sample was composed of 254 workers. The workers were divided into the following shift groups: G1- 87 Morning (6:00 to 14:00); G2 - 87 Evening (14:00 - 22:00); G3 - 80 Night (22:00 to 6:00).It was applied the following assessment tools: Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and the Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36, plus a personally identifiable form. The prevalence, with 95% confidence for musculoskeletal complaints was estimate. Bivariate analyzes were used to identify possible associations between musculoskeletal complaints and independent variables. Analyzing the odds ratio for the occurrence of pain in terms of the variables age, education, family composition, function, time commuting to work, carrying out other activities, length of employment and quality of life assessed by the SF-36, there there was no statistical association between the variables, except the SF-36, which showed that the better quality of life, greater protection for pain (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.30)
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Absenteísmo e acidentes de trabalho entre trabalhadores em turnos de indústrias automobilísticas / Absenteeism and work injuries among shift workers of automotive industriesFischer, Frida Marina 20 March 1984 (has links)
Foram analisadas todas as ausências e acidentes de trabalho ocorridos entre 1354 trabalhadores das seções de prensas pesadas de indústrias automobilísticas da região da Grande São Paulo. O trabalho era organizado em quatro sistemas de turnos semi-contínuos: 3 turnos fixos, 1 turno vespertino-noturno fixo, 2 turnos rodiziantes mensais e 3 turnos rodiziantes quinzenais. As análises das características dos trabalhadores envolvidos em episódios de faltas e acidentes evidenciou que o tempo de empresa é uma importante variável, e se relaciona de forma inversamente proporcional à frequência dos episódios. Quanto aos sistemas de turnos, foram observados maiores coeficientes de frequência de faltas por doença nos sistemas de 3 turnos fixos. Os períodos da manhã e da tarde apresentaram maiores valores nos coeficientes de ausências por doença que o período vespertino-noturno e noturno. Em relação às faltas injustificadas, o turno fixo vespertino-noturno teve valores mais elevados que os outros sistemas de turnos e o período vespertino-noturno apresentou maiores ausências que à tarde e à noite. Não houve diferenças quanto à frequência, gravidade e duração de acidentes e os períodos de trabalho em 3 sistemas de turnos. Somente no esquema de 3 turnos fixos, a frequência de acidentes foi maior a tarde que à noite. O sistema de 3 turnos fixos teve coeficientes de frequência, gravidade e duração dos acidentes semelhantes a dos turnos rodiziantes quinzenais. A única diferença foi observada entre os turnos rodiziantes mensais e quinzenais. Os primeiros apresentaram maior frequência de episódios. O estudo do não absentismo em trabalhadores que permaneceram 24 meses nos sistemas de turnos, mostrou que a proporção do não absentismo injustificado é inferior ao não absentismo doença, em 3 sistemas de turnos. A proporção dos não acidentados é menor que a das faltas por doença em 2 sistemas de turnos (rodiziantes mensais e fixos vespertinos-noturnos) e equivalente a dos episódios injustificados no sistema de 3 turnos fixos. As faltas injustificadas representaram um problema mais sério que as ausências por doença, nas indústrias estudadas. / The variables associated to the occurrence of absenteeism spells sickness absence, unjustified absence and accidents at work among shift workers were studied, in four types of semicontinuous shiftwork (3 fixed shifts, 1 late afternoon shift, 2 monthly rotating shifts, 3 fortnightly rotating shifts). The research was conducted among 1,354 workers in heavy sheet metal stamping sections of automotive plants located in the Greater São Paulo area. In any type of shift-schedule the time on the job appeared as an important variable inversely proportional to the frequency of the spells. The 3 fixed shifts schedule presented the highest sickness absence ratio. The sickness absence ratios were higher during the late afternoon and night shifts and on morning and evening working hours than in late-afternoon and night periods. The unjustified absences ratios were higher during the late afternoon shifts. This work period showed a higher absences than evening and night. No significant differences were found regarding the frequency, severity and length ratios of the accidents at work during the periods (morning, evening and night) in neither of the 3 shift systems. The 3 fixed shifts showed a higher accident frequency at evening than at noon. The ratios of the frequency, severity and accident length, respectively of the 3 fixed shifts system, were of the same values as those of the fortnightly rotating shifts system. A difference was observed between the monthly and fortnightly rotating shifts. The former presented a higher frequency of the accidents. The survey of the shift workers who worked 24 months on the job showed that the unjustified non-absenteeism ratio is lower than the sickness non-absenteeism ratio, for the three shifts systems. The non-accident absenteeism ratio is lower than the sickness non-absenteeism ratios in two shifts systems (monthly rotating and fixed late afternoon) and it is equal to the ratio of unjustified absence for the 3 fixed shifts. Unjustified absences represented more serious problems than sickness absences in studied industries.
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Women in the middle : mothers' experiences of transition to part-time and flexible work in professional and managerial occupationsYoung, Zoe January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
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Absenteísmo e acidentes de trabalho entre trabalhadores em turnos de indústrias automobilísticas / Absenteeism and work injuries among shift workers of automotive industriesFrida Marina Fischer 20 March 1984 (has links)
Foram analisadas todas as ausências e acidentes de trabalho ocorridos entre 1354 trabalhadores das seções de prensas pesadas de indústrias automobilísticas da região da Grande São Paulo. O trabalho era organizado em quatro sistemas de turnos semi-contínuos: 3 turnos fixos, 1 turno vespertino-noturno fixo, 2 turnos rodiziantes mensais e 3 turnos rodiziantes quinzenais. As análises das características dos trabalhadores envolvidos em episódios de faltas e acidentes evidenciou que o tempo de empresa é uma importante variável, e se relaciona de forma inversamente proporcional à frequência dos episódios. Quanto aos sistemas de turnos, foram observados maiores coeficientes de frequência de faltas por doença nos sistemas de 3 turnos fixos. Os períodos da manhã e da tarde apresentaram maiores valores nos coeficientes de ausências por doença que o período vespertino-noturno e noturno. Em relação às faltas injustificadas, o turno fixo vespertino-noturno teve valores mais elevados que os outros sistemas de turnos e o período vespertino-noturno apresentou maiores ausências que à tarde e à noite. Não houve diferenças quanto à frequência, gravidade e duração de acidentes e os períodos de trabalho em 3 sistemas de turnos. Somente no esquema de 3 turnos fixos, a frequência de acidentes foi maior a tarde que à noite. O sistema de 3 turnos fixos teve coeficientes de frequência, gravidade e duração dos acidentes semelhantes a dos turnos rodiziantes quinzenais. A única diferença foi observada entre os turnos rodiziantes mensais e quinzenais. Os primeiros apresentaram maior frequência de episódios. O estudo do não absentismo em trabalhadores que permaneceram 24 meses nos sistemas de turnos, mostrou que a proporção do não absentismo injustificado é inferior ao não absentismo doença, em 3 sistemas de turnos. A proporção dos não acidentados é menor que a das faltas por doença em 2 sistemas de turnos (rodiziantes mensais e fixos vespertinos-noturnos) e equivalente a dos episódios injustificados no sistema de 3 turnos fixos. As faltas injustificadas representaram um problema mais sério que as ausências por doença, nas indústrias estudadas. / The variables associated to the occurrence of absenteeism spells sickness absence, unjustified absence and accidents at work among shift workers were studied, in four types of semicontinuous shiftwork (3 fixed shifts, 1 late afternoon shift, 2 monthly rotating shifts, 3 fortnightly rotating shifts). The research was conducted among 1,354 workers in heavy sheet metal stamping sections of automotive plants located in the Greater São Paulo area. In any type of shift-schedule the time on the job appeared as an important variable inversely proportional to the frequency of the spells. The 3 fixed shifts schedule presented the highest sickness absence ratio. The sickness absence ratios were higher during the late afternoon and night shifts and on morning and evening working hours than in late-afternoon and night periods. The unjustified absences ratios were higher during the late afternoon shifts. This work period showed a higher absences than evening and night. No significant differences were found regarding the frequency, severity and length ratios of the accidents at work during the periods (morning, evening and night) in neither of the 3 shift systems. The 3 fixed shifts showed a higher accident frequency at evening than at noon. The ratios of the frequency, severity and accident length, respectively of the 3 fixed shifts system, were of the same values as those of the fortnightly rotating shifts system. A difference was observed between the monthly and fortnightly rotating shifts. The former presented a higher frequency of the accidents. The survey of the shift workers who worked 24 months on the job showed that the unjustified non-absenteeism ratio is lower than the sickness non-absenteeism ratio, for the three shifts systems. The non-accident absenteeism ratio is lower than the sickness non-absenteeism ratios in two shifts systems (monthly rotating and fixed late afternoon) and it is equal to the ratio of unjustified absence for the 3 fixed shifts. Unjustified absences represented more serious problems than sickness absences in studied industries.
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