Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-11T14:07:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Celestino da Silva.pdf: 2293123 bytes, checksum: 2ef43982d4e0e9919da45a8695c0c6e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-11T14:07:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Davi Celestino da Silva.pdf: 2293123 bytes, checksum: 2ef43982d4e0e9919da45a8695c0c6e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Recently, we stop thinking as peripheral overseas domains of the Portuguese Empire and thus embarked on investigations that increasingly helps in understanding the dynamics of the four corners that were colonized by that empire. Part of those investigations was and is envisioned by the inquisitorial documents. In our case, the study about the family of the Holy Office which acted on the captaincy of Pernambuco in a period from 1700 to 1750, became telling about practices and mobility mechanisms and social recognition within the Ancien Régime logic, logic this that makes us better understand the kingdom's relationship with the Portuguese America. The dissertation that has now presented by central concern prove some results about the actions of members of the colonial Familiatura the Holy Office in Pernambuco. In relation to the specific actions and procedures carried out by agents of the Portuguese inquisitorial Familiatura here in Pernambuco, were a greater or lesser extent, clothed in a move by the pursuit of social recognition. For Max Weber, social recognition in the Old Regime was marked in a structure of "estamental type" based on the honor and privilege, ie, the very essence of European societies the time of the lights. Be familiar of the Holy Office has become synonymous with prestige and "confirmation" public and notorious clean descent. This meant being Clean blood "infectious" of New Christian, Moorish, mulatto or other types rejected socially. Especially to the businessmen of Pernambuco eighteenth century. Pernambuco was one of the captaincies of Portuguese America that most had the agents of the Holy Office Familiatura Portuguese. Thus, our study sought to study the family, especially in the town of Recife, in the context of mobility and social recognition, that is, try to understand to what point in their lives sought to be a relative of the Holy Office; for what reasons and what the place of the inquisitorial Familiatura within Pernambuco? Examples are the close relationship of businessmen with the colonial Familiatura the Holy Office of Pernambuco, or the significant presence of relatives in stations and offices of the social positions of power as the Senate Chamber and the Third Order of Recife. / Recentemente, deixamos de pensar como periféricos os domínios ultramarinos do Império português, e desse modo nos enveredamos em investigações que cada vez mais nos facilita a compreensão das dinâmicas dos quatro cantos que foram colonizados por aquele império. Parte daquelas investigações foi e é vislumbrada pelos documentos inquisitoriais. No nosso caso, o estudo acerca dos familiares do Santo Ofício que atuaram na Capitania de Pernambuco num período compreendido entre 1700 a 1750, tornou-se revelador a respeito de práticas e mecanismos de mobilidade e reconhecimento social dentro da lógica do Antigo Regime. Lógica esta que nos faz compreender melhor a relação do reino com a América portuguesa. A dissertação que ora apresentamos tem por preocupação central revelar alguns resultados acerca das ações dos integrantes da Familiatura colonial do Santo Ofício em Pernambuco. Já com relação às ações e procedimentos específicos executados pelos agentes da Familiatura inquisitorial portuguesa aqui em Pernambuco, fossem em menor ou maior proporção, revestia-se num movimento pela busca do reconhecimento social. Para Max Weber, o reconhecimento social no Antigo Regime foi pautado numa estrutura de “tipo estamental”, baseada na honra e no privilégio, ou seja, a própria essência das sociedades européias à época das luzes. Ser familiar do Santo Ofício tornou-se sinônimo de prestigio e “confirmação” pública e notória de ascendência limpa. Isto significava ser Limpo de sangue, “infecto” de cristão-novo, mouro, mulato ou outras tipologias rejeitadas socialmente. Sobretudo, para os homens de negócios do Pernambuco setecentista. Pernambuco foi uma das capitanias da América portuguesa que mais contou com os agentes da Familiatura do Santo Ofício português. Desse modo, nosso trabalho buscou estudar os familiares, sobretudo na vila do Recife, na perspectiva da mobilidade e reconhecimento social, isto é, tentar compreender em que momento de suas vidas procuraram ser familiares do Santo Ofício; por quais motivos e qual era o lugar da Familiatura inquisitorial no espaço de Pernambuco? Como exemplos, temos a estreita relação dos homens de negócios com a Familiatura colonial do Santo Ofício de Pernambuco ou a significativa presença de familiares nos postos e ofícios dos espaços sociais de poder como a Câmara do Senado e a Ordem Terceira do Recife.

The overall purpose of this study is to illuminate the changeover process experienced by individuals who as adults acquired a traumatic brain injury (TBI), to increase the knowledge and the understanding of this process, and describe the meaning of support in every day life. Persons who acquired a TBI as adults were administered a semi-structured interview covering six areas: consequences of TBI, family and social networks, working life and occupation, life-changes, support from society and everyday life. The interviews were qualitative and in-depth. A total of 15 informants participated, aged between 19-53 years when injured. Data were structured and underwent two phases of analysis. In the first phase, data underwent latent content analysis, underpinned by a hermeneutic approach, and in the subsequent phase, reanalysed within a framework derived from the theory of social recognition. Findings from the first phase of inductive analysis elicited key themes: (i) the meaning of care, a question of formal and/or informal support; (ii) the meaning of action, a question of activity versus inactivity; (iii) autonomy, a question of dependence versus independence; (iv) social interaction, a question of encounter and/or treatment; (v) the theme of changes, a question of process versus stagnation; and (vi) emotions, an oscillation between hope versus hopelessness. After the construction of the six themes each of them were, through a discursive analysis, connected with theories, earlier studies in the field of brain injuries and important interview quotations from the empirical material. During this phase, an interest developed to study the material from a new theoretical point of view. The second phase of analysis therefore involved the development of a framework derived from Honneth’s (1995) theory of social recognition. The central construct of ‘recognition’ was analysed from three different dimensions proposed by Honneth: the individual dimension, the legal dimension, the value dimension. Using this framework, the data were reanalysed. The scientific term for this process of re-contextualisation and re-description of data is abduction inference. Reported consequences were negative as well as positive. Significant others (e.g. next of kin) had an important function as a driving force for training and preparation for life-situation after injury. A majority of the informants were satisfied with support from society, such as hospital-care, rehabilitation and community support. Such support, initially, proceeded without problems but as time passed, the responsibility shifted to the person with TBI to take the initiative in arranging longer-term services. Long-term support which addresses physical, cognitive as well as psychosocial consequences of the TBI is important for outcomes. The majority of the informants had difficulties in returning to working life after the injury. The outcomes and recovery seemed to be a prolonged process, probably never ending, but which gradually over time becomes integrated as a part of life. The informants gave varying accounts of the extent to which they experienced social recognition.

Orientador: Angel Pino Sirgado / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_SheilaDanielaMedeirosdos_D.pdf: 2523027 bytes, checksum: e99d45425450fc7f9e702122186f27f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo elucidar a essência de um paradoxo (aparente): crianças que não vivem em família, mas falam continuamente de família, tendo como pontos de ancoragem o referencial teórico de Lefebvre e Vigotski. Após realizar, durante um ano, visitas semanais a uma instituição de atendimento à infância, localizada em um município da região de Campinas, há evidências de que as crianças não estão falando propriamente de família; na realidade, elas estão reclamando da ausência de relações sociais de reconhecimento, já que o Estado/a sociedade ignoram os seus direitos, impondo-lhes como destino a situação em que foram geradas: a pobreza, a realização de tarefas socialmente desvalorizadas e a participação no sistema produtivo como exército de reserva / Abstract: This work has the objective of elucidating the essence of an apparent paradox: children who do not live in family, but talk continuously about family. The work has its anchor points on the theoretical referential of Lefebvre and Vigotski. After carrying out, during one year, weekly visits to an institution of attendance to infancy, located in the Campinas region, there are evidences that the children are not talking exactly about family; in reality, they are complaining about the absence of social relations of recognition, since the State and the society ignore their rights, imposing to them as their destiny the same situation in which they were born: poverty, the accomplishment of tasks socially devaluated and participation in the productive system as reserve army / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

Le présent mémoire porte sur les représentations sociales de la dangerosité en psychiatrie chez les intervenants de proximité (infirmières, préposés, et agent de sécurité), d’un milieu de soins psychiatriques. Nous cherchons à explorer comment ces intervenants perçoivent et interprètent les risques inhérents à leur métier et comment ils y réagissent en situation d’incertitude. Les concepts de dangerosité, d’ « individu dangereux » et de risque en psychiatrie sont abordés dans le présent mémoire, à travers un angle historique, social et anthropologique, suivant les lectures de Michel Foucault; de Robert Castel; de Ian Hacking; et de Mary Douglas. De l’observation participante dans une unité de soins psychiatriques aigus et des entrevues semi-structurées ont été réalisées auprès d’une dizaine d’intervenants en santé mentale. Une approche ethnographique et interprétative nous a permis de dégager les principales récurrences, divergences et contradictions intra et inter intervenants sur la question de la dangerosité et du risque en psychiatrie. Les résultats sont séparés en fonction de trois grands thèmes : 1) représentations sociales de la dangerosité 2) perceptions du risque au travail 3) réactions face au risque perçu. L’analyse de nos résultats montre que les connaissances qu’ont les intervenants sur la dangerosité ne se limitent pas à celles produites par le savoir expert, elles s’ouvrent aussi sur leur propre réalité clinique. De plus, contrairement aux prédictions du savoir expert, la différence observée entre les pratiques de contrôle des intervenants n’est pas la conséquence d’une surestimation du risque ni d’un manque d’information « objective » sur les facteurs de risque du comportement agressif, mais s’explique davantage en fonction de la présence ou de l’absence d’un lien thérapeutique et du degré de reconnaissance sociale dans les interactions entre les soignants et les soignés. Les éléments qui renforcent ou limitent l’établissement d’un lien de confiance sont explicités dans le présent mémoire. / The present thesis analyzes social perceptions regarding danger and risk experienced in a psychiatric setting. We seek to explore how psychiatric practitioners and staff, who are confronted daily with aggressivity, perceive the risks inherent in their work and how they react in situations of uncertainty. The concepts of “dangerousness”, “dangerous subjects” and of “risk” in psychiatry are considered in this thesis, through anthropological, historical and sociological perspectives based on the work of Michel Foucault, Robert Castel, Ian Hacking and Mary Douglas. Participant observation in an acute care psychiatric unit, along with semi-structured interviews were carried out with more than ten practitioners (including nurses, beneficiary attendants, and security agents). The use of both an ethnographic and interpretative approach highlighted similarities, disparities and contradictions between the narratives of different categories of staff, as well as between individual staff and practitioners, regarding danger and risk in psychiatry .The results are divided into three disparate themes: 1) social perceptions of dangerousness and risks associated with aggression 2) perceptions of risk in the workplace 3) reaction towards perceived risk. This analysis demonstrates that staff and practitioners’ implicit knowledge regarding ‘dangerousness’ is derived from a continuous incorporation of expert knowledge, based on objective risk factors, and the clinical reality in which they interact on a daily basis. Moreover, contrary to the predictions of experts, the difference between practitioners control practices does not derive from an overestimation of risk, nor is it the consequence of a lack of objective information regarding such risk. It can, instead, be explained by the presence or absence of a therapeutic relationship and by the degree of social recognition between caregiver and patient. The elements that strengthen or limit the establishment of trust will be further elucidated in the present discussion.

No description available.

O paradigma intruso-residente vem sendo intensamente empregado em estudos para avaliar a memória de reconhecimento social em roedores. Tipicamente, ratos adultos, denominados residentes, são expostos a dois encontros sucessivos, de 5 minutos cada, com um mesmo rato juvenil ou com ratos juvenis diferentes, denominados intrusos; o intervalo de tempo entre encontros é 30 minutos. A quantidade de comportamentos sociais do residente (no segundo encontro) em relação a um intruso familiar é substancialmente menor do que o observado no primeiro encontro, o que não ocorre quando o segundo encontro envolve um juvenil novo; esse resultado caracteriza a memoria de reconhecimento social. Se o intervalo de tempo entre os encontros é aumentado para 60 minutos, a redução da investigação social do intruso familiar por parte do residente desaparece, levando à conclusão de que a memória de reconhecimento social seria um mecanismo para retenção temporária de informações. O objetivo central do presente trabalho foi contribuir para o entendimento da memória de reconhecimento social em ratos. Foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro experimento avaliou-se se a expressão de comportamentos sociais e também da memória de reconhecimento social estão sujeitos à modulação temporal. No segundo experimento avaliou-se em que extensão o aumento do tempo de exposição ao intruso durante o primeiro encontro resulta num aumento da duração da memoria de reconhecimento social. No terceiro experimento avaliou-se se um procedimento de rotina na maioria dos laboratorios, o transporte dos animais da sala de experimentos para o biotério, interfere na memória de reconhecimento social, quando realizado 0,5 ou 6 horas após o primeiro encontro. Os resultados mostraram que (1) a expressão de comportamentos sociais e a memória de reconhecimento social estão sujeitos à modulação temporal, sendo mais intensos quando os testes são realizados na fase inativa (Capítulo 2), de modo que este fator deve ser levado em consideração quando do planejamento de experimentos envolvendo sociabilidade, (2) o aumento da duração do primeiro encontro para 2 horas ou mais revelou uma memória de reconhecimento social que dura pelo menos 24 horas (Capítulo 3), permitindo questionar que se trate de um dispositivo de curta duração, e (3) o transporte dos animais para o biotério 0,5 horas, mas não 6 horas, depois do primeiro encontro, prejudica a memória de reconhecimento social (Capítulo 4), indicando que se deve estar atento às rotinas laboratoriais pois as mesmas podem interferir no desempenho dos animais em testes de memória. Em associação com essas relevantes observações experimentais, foram propostas estratégias de análise dos dados gerados com esse tipo de experimentação e também discussões conceituais sobre a caracterização da memória de reconhecimento social, que contribuem marcadamente para essa área de estudos. / The intruder-resident paradigm has been extensively employed in studies of social recognition memory in rodents. Typically, adult rats, named residents, are exposed to two 5-min successive encounters with the same juvenile intruder or with two different juveniles; the time interval between the encounters is 30 min. The amount of social behaviors exhibited by the resident rats towards the same intruder juvenile in the second encounter is substantially smaller when compared to both that seen in the first encounter and that seen towards a different juvenile; these results characterize social recognition memory. When the time interval between encounters is increased to 60 min, that reduction of the investigation towards the familiar juvenile intruder vanishes, which is seen as evidence that social recognition memory corresponds to a short-term memory mechanism. The aim of this study was to contribute for our understanding of social recognition memory in rats. Three experiments were run. The first experiment evaluated to which extent both social behaviors and social recognition memory are influenced by temporal phase effects. The second experiment evaluated to which extent the increase in the duration of the first encounter renders social recognition memory longer. The third experiment evaluated to which extent the transportation of the resident rats from the experimental room to the animal facilities either 0.5 or 6 hours after the first encounter, interferes with social recognition memory. The results showed that (1) the expression of social behaviors and of the social recognition memory are modulated temporal phase effects, being stronger when animals are tested in their inactive phase (Chapter 2); thus, this aspect has to be considered in studies on sociability, (2) the increase of the first encounter duration for 2 hours or longer renders social recognition memory to last at least 24 hours (Chapter 3); this allows to question that social recognition memory corresponds to a short-term memory mechanism, and (3) transportation of the resident rats to the animal facilities 0.5, but not 6 hours, after the end of the first encounter disrupts social recognition memory (Chapter 4), indicating that one has to be cautious about usual laboratory routines, because they may interfere with performance of the memory tasks when executed a short time after training the animals.Associated with these relevant experimental observations, these studies allowed proposing novel strategies for data analysis and discussing conceptual issues about the characterization of social recognition memory that give a substantial contribution for this area.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-18T11:33:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudia Oliveira Sant_Anna.pdf: 2450935 bytes, checksum: c9042b907824925ac174ca0dea9b4ac3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T11:33:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cláudia Oliveira Sant_Anna.pdf: 2450935 bytes, checksum: c9042b907824925ac174ca0dea9b4ac3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present dissertation has as objective to know and understand the perception of the users related to their recognition in the attention offered by a Social Assistance Service. It is the approach related to the institutional reception service, understanding the manner the social recognition expressions are made in the trajectory of attention to users, knowing the expressions of social deprotection which leads them to access a special social protection service of high complexity in the social assistance, as well identifying with families the acquisitions recognized as answers to their needs. The analytical route performed in this study demanded deepening about the scope of an institutional reception service to children from their historical evolution in Brazil and particularly the impact of legalization of social rights to the Brazilian people viable through the Federal Constitution of 1988 against the objective of Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA) and the Social Assistance Unique System (SUAS). In the course of this research, with the support of several authors it was possible to show the event which occurred historically in the legal area in overcome the attention to children in Brazil in the field of charity, favor and goodwill, supported by the value judgement for the perspective of attentions in the social right condition. To the interviews and field surveys were selected five families who had as reason of institutional reception of children the negligence or the abandonment. The study plunged in the relationship among the family, the child and the service, and being synthesized in three moments: the triggering situation of the reception: reason, complainant, procedure of the tutelary council and the judge, link with some social assistance service; the time of attention to the child in the reception and the manner of relation to the family made by the service and verified in the file records and the users’ speeches highlighting the records on: the attentions supported by the service and its direct repercussion in the life of the children, teenagers and families; the relation with the families and of their access to the public attentions and services which they would be entitled to; the ways in which social security was ensured to the children and teenagers; of activies that the children had the opportunity to experience during the institutional reception; and finally the moment of post-dismissal of the child of the reception service. It is a qualitative research whose essence was the quest to listen to users, which represents the most important step in this study, which allowed to know the meaning attributed by users to the attention of an institutional reception service / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo conhecer e compreender a percepção e as expressões dos usuários quanto ao seu reconhecimento nas atenções oferecidas por um serviço socioassistencial. Trata-se, em especial, da abordagem em relação ao serviço de acolhimento institucional, compreendendo-se o modo como as expressões de reconhecimento social são construídas na trajetória de atenção aos usuários, conhecendo as expressões de desproteção social que os levaram a acessar um serviço de proteção social especial de alta complexidade na assistência social, bem como identificando junto às famílias as aquisições que são reconhecidas como respostas às suas necessidades. O percurso analítico realizado neste estudo demandou aprofundamento sobre o escopo de um serviço de acolhimento institucional para crianças a partir dos traços de sua evolução histórica no Brasil, e, particularmente, o que diz respeito ao impacto da legalização de direitos sociais aos brasileiros, viabilizada por meio da Constituição Federal de 1988, face ao objeto do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) e do Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS). No decorrer da pesquisa, com o respaldo de diversos autores, foi possível mostrar a passagem que ocorreu historicamente no campo legal em superar a atenção às crianças no Brasil do âmbito da caridade, favor e benemerência, respaldado no juízo de valor, para uma perspectiva das atenções na condição de direito social. Para as entrevistas e pesquisa de campo, foram selecionadas 05 (cinco) famílias que tiveram como motivo de acolhimento institucional das crianças a negligência ou o abandono. O estudo mergulhou na relação entre a família, a criança e o serviço, sendo sintetizado em três momentos, quais sejam: a situação desencadeante do acolhimento - motivo, autor de queixa, procedimento do Conselho Tutelar e do Juiz, vínculo com algum serviço socioassistencial; o tempo de atenção da criança no acolhimento e o modo de relação com a família, construída pelo serviço e constatada nos registros dos prontuários e nas narrativas dos usuários, destacando-se as menções sobre as atenções prestadas pelo serviço e sua repercussão direta na vida das crianças, adolescentes e famílias, a relação com as famílias e o acesso destas aos demais serviços e atenções públicas que lhes seriam de direito, os modos pelos quais foi garantida a segurança de convívio para as crianças e adolescentes, as atividades que as crianças tiveram a oportunidade de vivenciar no período de acolhimento institucional; e, por fim, o momento atual pós-desligamento da criança do serviço de acolhimento. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que teve em sua essência a busca por ouvir os usuários, o que representa o passo mais importante deste estudo, ou seja, o de possibilitar conhecer o significado atribuído pelos usuários da atenção de um serviço de acolhimento institucional

Στα πλαίσια της εργασίας αυτής διαπραγματευθήκαμε κυρίως την έννοια της αυτοεκτίμησης και την επίδραση του κοινωνικο-οικονομικού επιπέδου της οικογένειας σε αυτήν. Για να γίνει περισσότερο αντιληπτή η έννοια της αυτοεκτίμησης, στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο της εργασίας γίνεται η αποσαφήνιση των όρων και αναφερόμαστε τόσο στην έννοια του εαυτού με τις αντίστοιχες ψυχολογικές προσεγγίσεις όσο και στην έννοια της αυτοαντίληψης. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο εξετάζουμε την αυτοεκτίμηση ως έννοια στα πλαίσια τόσο της οικογένειας όσο και της κοινωνίας και του σχολικού περιβάλλοντος. Τέλος επιλέξαμε την διεξαγωγή μιας ποιοτικής έρευνας με ημιδομημένη συνέντευξη και συμμετοχή τεσσάρων εκπαιδευτικών (δασκάλων) για την αποσαφήνιση και επιβεβαίωση / ανάπτυξη της θεωρίας. Στις συνεντεύξεις αυτές οι εκπαιδευτικοί δίνουν μια ενδεικτική εικόνα των αιτιών της χαμηλής αυτοεκτίμησης σε Έλληνες και αλλοδαπούς μαθητές και παρουσιάζουν την επίδραση της μετάβασης στο σχολικό περιβάλλον, του κοινωνικο-οικονομικού επιπέδου και της κοινωνικής αναγνώρισης που επιζητούν οι μαθητές. / In the context of this work we mainly negotiated the significance of self-estimation and the effect of the socio-economic status of the family in this. In order to make more perceptible the significance of self-estimation, in the second chapter of this work we make the clarification of terms and refer to the significance of self with the corresponding psychological approaches as much as in the significance of self-conception. In the third chapter we examine the self-estimation as significance in the frames of family of what society and school environment. Finally we selected the conduct of qualitative research with semi-structured interview and attendance of four teachers of (schoolteachers) for the clarification and confirmation/growth of theory. In the interviews these teachers give a indicative picture of causes of low self-estimation in Greek and foreign students and they present the effect of passage in the school environment, socio-economic status and social recognition that the students seek.

This thesis examines the rapid, non-genomic effects of estrogens on neural plasticity and learning. Estrogens are classically known to affect gene transcription events, however they have more recently been found to also rapidly activate second messenger systems within 1hr of administration. Therefore, we first examined the rapid effects of 17β-estradiol, and an estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ agonist on three different learning paradigms: object placement, object recognition, and social recognition. We found that both systemic injections and intrahippocampal delivery of 17β-estradiol and the ERα agonist improved performance on all 3 learning paradigms within 40min of hormone administration. However, the ERβ agonist administered systemically or intrahippocampally, improved performance only on the object placement learning paradigm, while having no effect on object recognition, and impairing social recognition at high doses. To elucidate how estrogens might rapidly affect learning, we examined how estrogens rapidly affect the neural plasticity of CA1 hippocampal neurons. We found that 17β-estradiol and the ERα agonist increased dendritic spine density in CA1 hippocampal neurons within 40min of administration, suggesting that estrogens rapidly increase the density of synapses within this brain region. Conversely, the ERβ agonist did not affect spine density, or decreased spine density. In addition, by using whole-cell patch clamp recordings of CA1 pyramidal neurons, we were able to determine that 17β-estradiol and the ERα agonist rapidly reduced AMPA receptor (but not NMDA receptor) mediated membrane depolarizations after 15min of hormone application. Similar to above, the ERβ agonist had no effect on AMPA or NMDA receptor mediated membrane depolarizations. These data suggest that estrogens rapidly promote the development of immature synapses (which contain low levels of synaptic AMPA receptors) within the CA1 hippocampus. Immature spines provide synaptic sites at which new memories can be stored and are thought of as “learning spines” (Kasai et al, 2003). Therefore, estrogens (through ERα) may rapidly induce the formation of hippocampal immature spines to promote learning. / Funded by NSERC

Nors sportininkių skaičius nuolat auga, sportas vis dar yra suvokiamas kaip vyrams aktuali veikla, todėl natūralu, kad moterys, norėdamos sulaukti pripažinimo ir populiarumo, susiduria su eile apribojimų. Šio darbo tikslas yra išsiaiškinti, ar egzistuoja lyčių nelygybė sporte ir pastarosios įtaką kolektyvinio tapatumo formavimuisi komandinėje sporto šakoje, kaip būdui, siekiant sugriauti lytiškumu (sexism) paremtas struktūras. Teorinėje darbo dalyje remiantis socialinio pripažinimo, lyties kaip struktūros, galios sampratomis bei sportininkių/ sportininkų vaizdavimo ypatumais žiniasklaidoje parodoma, kad sportas dar tebėra vyrų dominavimo sritis. Aptariama teisinė bazė (Tarptautinių „Moterų ir sporto“ konferencijų principai, Title IX (JAV)), reglamentuojanti moterų teises sporte. Apžvelgiamos A.Melucci, V.Taylor ir N.Whittier kolektyvinio tapatumo sampratos leidžia suvokti, kaip grupė apibrėžia, kas ji yra, kaip konstruoja grupės sąmonę, bei kaip mobilizuojasi kovai prieš nusistovėjusį lyčių status quo. Tuo pačiu, pristatomas kolektyvinio tapatumo ryšys su lauko, socialinio pripažinimo sampratomis. Aptariamos sąlygos, sukeliančios kolektyvinio veiksmo atsiradimą. Pristatomas C.F. Pelak atliktas lyčių nelygybės ledo ritulyje tyrimas. Empirinės darbo dalies pagrindą sudaro atvejo – VU merginų krepšinio komanda – analizė, kurioje siekiama pažiūrėti, ar moteriškos lyties atstovės susiduria su lyčių nelygybė sporte ir kokia forma ji reiškiasi. Tuo pačiu, C.F.Pelak merginų ledo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Although the number of sportswomen grows, however the sport is conceptualized as exclusively male domain. For this reason, women, who want to be sport leaders have to confront with a lot of boundaries. The aim of this work is to find out whether gender inequality exists in sport and if it does, to show the role that collective identity plays in contesting sexism structures in team sports. According to conceptions of social recognition, gender as a social structure, power and presentation of sportsmen/sportswomen in media, the theoretical part of this work reveals that the sport is not just the male domain. In this part is described the legal basis (the principles of international “Women and sports” conferences Title IX (USA)) that regulates women‘s rights in sports. A.Melucci, V.Taylor and N.Whittier collective identity concepts allow us to examine the processe of how groups define who they are, contruct the group consciousness and mobilize against perceived injustices. Here are also discussed the circumstances that cause the rise of collective action. The research of gender differences in ice hockey by C.F. Pelak is presented. The empirical base of this work is a case study – VU women‘s basketball team – analysis, which helps to find out whether female confront gender inequality in sports and if they do, how it shows. The same indicators were adapted in making the interviews with the VU basketball players as in C.F.Pelak female ice hockey players research, in order to... [to full text]