Salonen (2012a) skriver att Sverige är ett av världens rikaste länder där välståndet har ökat. I samma veva som välståndet har ökat har även klyftorna mellan rika och fattiga ökat och därmed har siffran gällande barnfattigdom stigit (Salonen 2012a). Syftet med studien är att undersöka och beskriva hur fem aktörer inom den ideella sektorn definierar begreppet barnfattigdom. Målet är att identifiera och förstå hur organisationer arbetar med att förbättra barnens livssituation. Våra tre forskningsfrågor är: Hur definierar aktörerna barnfattigdom i sin yrkesroll? Vilka problem kring barnfattigdom har aktörerna identifierat? Hur beskriver aktörerna sitt arbete mot barnfattigdom och på vilket sätt kan de förbättra sitt arbete? Vi har valt att använda oss av empowerment teorin för att våra informanter beskriver att deras arbete till mycket handlar om att stödja och stärka individer som lever i en utsatt situation. Genom detta arbete försöker man skapa en grund för barnens rätt att delta på samma villkor. Den andra teorin vi har valt är organisationsteori som beskriver att organisationer anpassar sig utifrån det omgivningen behöver och intresset av ömsesidiga och kulturella band mellan organisation och omgivning är centralt. Vi har utgått från en kvalitativ vetenskaplig metod där studien är uppbyggd på en empirisk studie grundad på intervjuer. Intervjuerna gjordes med tio informanter från organisationerna: Rädda Barnen, Majblomman, Svenska kyrkan, Frälsningsarmén och Stadsmissionen. Frågorna utgick ifrån vilken uppfattning de har kring barnfattigdom i Stockholm och hur deras arbete och problemidentifiering kring barfattigdom såg ut. Resultatet från vår studie visar att informanterna upplever att barnfattigdom finns i Stockholm, men dem definierar det på olika sätt. Alla våra informanter upplever många gånger samma problem kring barnfattigdom. De berättar att det finns olika problemområden och lyfter fram den problematik de själva har sett. Våra informanter berättar främst om det utanförskap som uppstår, vidare berättar de även om andra problemområden inom barnfattigdom. De lyfter fram att flera organisationer måste arbeta med påtryckningar och opinionsbildning för att påverka dagens politiker och göra allmänheten medvetna om barnfattigdomen i Sverige. / Salonen (2012a) writes that Sweden is one of the richest countries where the wealth has increased. In the same time while prosperity has increased, the gap between rich and poor people has increased and the figure of child poverty has risen. The study aims to explore and describe how five actors in the nonprofit sector define the definition of child poverty and to identify and understand how organizations are working to improve children's lives. Our three research questions are: How do the actors define child poverty as professionals? What problems around child poverty have the actors identified? How do they describe the work against child poverty and how can they work to improve their work against child poverty? We have chosen to use the theory of empowerment because our informants describe their work about supporting individuals living in a vulnerable situation and are working to enable children to participate on an equal basis by strengthening children. The second theory we have chosen is the organizational theory that describes that the organizations adapt, based on the needs and environment of mutual interest and cultural ties between organization and environment. We have used a qualitative research method in which the study has been based on an empirical study, based on interviews. Our interviews were conducted with ten informants from the organizations: Save the Children, Mayflower, Swedish Church, the Salvation Army and the City Mission. The questions were based on what perception they have about child poverty in Stockholm and how their work and problem identification around child poverty looked like. The result of our study shows that respondents perceive the fact that there exists child poverty in Stockholm, but the definitions vary. Many times all of our informants see the same problems around child poverty. They tell us that there are various problem areas and highlight the problems they have seen themselves. All of our informants tell us about the alienation that occurs, further they explain the other areas of concern about child poverty. They also told us that more organizations need to work with pressure and advocacy to influence today's politicians and make an awareness of child poverty in Sweden.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur barnperspektivet beaktas i socialtjänstens handläggning av ekonomiskt bistånd. Metoden som använts är en kvalitativ intervjustudie, där sex socialsekreterare som arbetar med handläggning av ekonomiskt bistånd inom en viss kommun har intervjuats. Studien utgår från handlingsutrymme som teoretisk tolkningsram. Studien är av relevans för socialt arbete då barn som befinner sig i familjer med ekonomiskt bistånd utgör en utsatt grupp som riskerar att hamna i fortsatt social utsatthet även i vuxen ålder. Studien visar att en majoritet av socialsekreterarna uppfattar barnperspektivet som otydligt angivet och att det finns en osäkerhet i hur man ska arbeta utifrån detta. Studien visar även att barn tenderar bli osynliga i handläggningen av ekonomiskt bistånd, samt att socialsekreterarna uppfattar att de inte har tillräckliga förutsättningar att arbeta utifrån ett barnperspektiv. Studien visar vidare att majoriteten av socialsekreterarna hyser önskemål om att arbeta mer utifrån ett barnperspektiv. / The purpose of the essay is to investigate how the child perspective is taken into consideration in the social services' management of financial assistance. The method used is a qualitative interview study. Six social workers within financial assistance have been interviewed. The study is based on the theory of discretion, and is of relevance to social work since children in families who receive financial assistance constitute a vulnerable group who is at risk of ending socially vulnerable even in adulthood. The results of the study show that most of the social workers perceive the child perspective as unclear. The study also shows that children tend to be invisible in financial assistance, and that the social workers perceive that they do not have sufficient conditions to work from a child perspective. The study further shows that most of the social workers have a request to work more from a child perspective.

The swedish local history research on the spanish flu is relatively scarce. The research that is available today seems to be largely centered around accounts for morbidity and mortality as a result of the epidemic. This however, has also been an important part of the research, to provide a demographic depiction of the mortality. Another important element in the present study has also been to account for the authorities' actions during the epidemic, something that is largely lacking in research. In light of the prevailing Corona epidemic and the lack of local historical research on the course of the Spanish flu in Sweden, the present study has aimed to examine the course of the epidemic in the undersigned home municipality of Karlskoga, during the epidemic in 1918. With the use of the death and funeral books of the Karlskoga parish, old issues of the newspaper ”Karlskoga Tidning” and the Health Care Board's statistics and protocols, the undersigned has, through this case study, tried to provide a quantitative aswell as a qualitative depiction of the epidemic year. The study evince that at least 43 people died in the municipality, the majority of whom were men under 40 years old. It also turned out that the workers' areas in Bofors were home to 36% of those who died during the epidemic months, no other area in the municipality had such high mortality rate. The study also indicates that the authorities in Karlskoga considered the epidemic to be of great danger. Hence, they seemed to have used the available information channels at the time, as to prevent the spread of infection. In this research it is noteworthy that as of today, a hundred years later, similar approaches are used to limit the spread of infection.

This study investigates children born out of wedlock. It is based on birth – and baptism records from two island on the west coast in Sweden, named Styrsö and Öckerö. The essay is divided in three different periods in the intervals between 1860-1945. It’s a comparative study between the islands and the aim is to research how many children are illegitimate and if these children have a known or unknown fader. Its later compered to each other and the national statistic in Sweden.  The result of the study is that the islands have a low number of children born out of wedlock compared to the national statistics. The theory that is applied on the study is social control and social vulnerability. Both islands have little too no contact to the mainland and the strict rule of the orthodox religion has an impact on controlling the people but is later questioned by the free churches that currents on the island in the 1870th century. The social vulnerability starts with the mother for even having a relationship or sexual intercourse out of wedlock and then when the child is born it doesn’t have the same prerequisites as the children born with parents that are married.

The present Bachelor thesis examines the medial representations of ”vulnerable areas” (Swedish:”utsatta områden”) and the people living in those areas. In order to achieve my purpose a qualitative discourse analysis is conducted by applying Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's discourse theory. A total of 14 debate articles and editorial pages published in the two Swedish newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen are analyzed. Three prominent discourses are identified in the analysis: a criminalization discourse, an ethnification discourse and a poverty discourse. The first two are found to be most prominent in the empirical material. The result shows that the construction of the collective identity of people living in ”vulnerable areas” substantially is fixated around ethnicity and criminality. This is believed to have an impact on the public debate about interventions in these areas. / <p>2019-02-19</p>

The purpose of this study was to investigate what different relevant professionals are experiencing regarding parental responsibility and commitment in their contact with juveniles and their parents. Our main focus was socially disadvantaged families. We also wanted to investigate the professionals' opinions on principal parental responsibility since the Swedish political party Moderaterna recently suggested the sum of joint and several liability should be raised in order to motivate parents to take responsibility and hinder their juveniles from committing criminal acts. A qualitative study was implemented and included six interviews. The informants are all employed in different fields of work in Malmö town in which they meet children and their parents, foremost in troublesome situations. Our empirical data were compared to and analysed with previous research data such as peer reviewed studies and scientific articles. This was carried out in combination with two theoretical perspectives relevant to the purpose of our study and its questions at issue. Most of the previous research indicates that juvenile delinquency is mainly contributed by structural problems and that different ways of punishing parents for the acts of their children seldomly increases the likelihood of decreased offending. On the contrary it seems to impair the situation of the affected families even more. The result of our empirical data showed that most of our informants did not regard parental commitment or responsibility as an issue or that the parents they meet lack these kinds of characteristics. Furthermore the overall opinion on a raised sum of joint and several liability was that it would serve no good since the main persuasion of the informants was that structural problems and lack of tools to control and monitor juveniles were the key issues.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur tillägnandet av skriftspråk kan bidra till kulturellt kapital med fokus på vad den processen innebär för individen. Urvalet har varit målstyrt och vänt sig till personer som har förändrat sin egen situation och uppnått akademiska eller yrkesrelaterade framsteg. Studien visar att när tillägnandet av skriftspråk bidrar till kulturellt kapital och social rörlighet resulterar det i att individen upplever en förändring i sitt habitus. En process som kan utmana individens möjlighet till att utifrån ett socialt- och psykologiskt perspektiv uppleva tillhörighet i de nya medelklassammanhangen. Det påverkar även individens tidigare familj- och vänskapsrelationer. Studien visar därtill att tillägnandet av skriftspråk kan ha en terapeutisk funktion för ett barn som har ett socialt problem och befinner sig i en utsatt situation. Studien visar att ett kulturellt kapital utvecklas av individens exponering för litteratur, behov av att uttrycka sig och tillfredsställelse i att skriva. Att tillägna sig skriftspråket bidrar till en upplevelse av att vidhålla egenmakt och förmågan att medverka i och påverka samhället. / The purpose of the study was to investigate how the acquisition of written language can contribute to cultural capital with a focus on what that process means for the individual. The selection has been goal-oriented and aimed at people who have created change for themselves and achieved academic and/or professional progress. The study shows that when the acquisition of written language contributes to cultural capital and social mobility, it results in the individual experiencing a change in their habitus. A process that can challenge the individual's ability to experience belonging in the new middle-class contexts from a social and psychological perspective. It also affects the individual's previous relationships to family and friends. The study also shows that the acquisition of written language can have a therapeutic function for a child who has a social problem and is socially vulnerable. The study shows that cultural capital is developed by the individual's exposure to literature, need for expression and satisfaction in writing. Acquiring the written language contributes to an experience of maintaining autonomy and the ability to participate in and influence society.

Denna flermetodiska studie har som syfte att undersöka hur ”barn i social utsatthet” tas upp i utbildningen. I studien har intervjuer med representanter från tio olika lärosäten, en webbenkätundersökning med yrkesverksamma på fritidshem och en innehållsanalys av lärosätens kurslitteratur använts. Intervjuerna har analyserats och tolkats utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv med hjälp av diskurspsykologi och teorier om professionalisering, de-professionalisering och gränsarbete. Resultaten har utgått från tre teman: området ”barn i social utsatthet”, utbildningen idag och framtida behov inom utbildningen. Uttrycket ”barn i social utsatthet” innefattar många områden samt att anmälningar och utbildningens längd kan bidra till problematiska dilemman utifrån ett barnrättsperspektiv. I studiens slutsats kommer vi fram till att en diskussion rörande kunskaper om området ”barn i social utsatthet” behövs. En ny omarbetad, uppgraderad och mer omfattande Grundlärarutbildning med inriktning mot fritidshem skulle kunna leda till ett tydligare uppdrag och en gränsarbetande barnrättsprofession för allmänhetens bästa.

This study investigates the impact social vulnerability has on subjective mental health among adolescents. Furthermore, this study aims to measure which of the independent variables that represent social vulnerability has the most effect on mental health. The independent variables include sex, gender, NPD-diagnosis, ethnic background, and subjective social status. Several studies have investigated these topics before, but few studies measure different kinds of socially vulnerable groups together and compare them side by side. A quantitative approach is used, namely cross-table analysis and regression analysis. The theoretical framework consists of theories on gender, minority stress, social fields, social status, and a holistic approach to the understanding of health. The results show that 16 percent of the variation within subjective mental health can be traced to social vulnerability. The most vulnerable to subjective mental health issues were adolescent girls (in the biological sense), followed by adolescents with NPD-diagnosis, and then adolescents with a queer gender identity. The least vulnerable to subjective mental health issues were adolescents with low social status. However, it seems that an adolescent’s social status within the school is more important than their family’s social status in society.