The aim of this thesis is to through a series of co-design explorations develop guidelines for how analogue co-design methods and tools can be digitalized and used for the initial phase of a co-design process in remote settings. To nurture the discussion around how co-design practices can be digitalized several aspects are investigated and focused upon, presenting an overview of relevant factors for future researchers to delve deeper into.  Found challenges revolve around the lack of a shared physical environment, the implementation of physical materials and sketching, and the building of trust and relationships in remote settings.  The final product of this thesis is a set of guidelines that have been established through a series of co-design explorations drawing on perspectives found in both academia and the current industry.

Det huvudsakliga syftet med projektet är att belysa utställningen och de strukturer som densamma innefattar. Specifikt för detta projekt är att jag har valt att titta på utställningarna på kulturcentret Astrid Lindgrens Näs. Metoden för projektet innebär att blanda empiri med teori vilket resulterat i att jag dels besökt Astrid Lindgrens Näs samt arbetat med teori som beskriver förhållandet mellan besökare och museum, författare och författarskap. Radioverkets syfte är ett ge en viss insikt i hur arbetet på museet genomförs, på ett praktiskt plan. Projektet visar att konventionerna i museet är närvarande och vad som bibehåller dem är rädslan för att besökarna skall missförstå. Jag upptäckte även att den författarroll som bland andra Michel Foucault beskriver är nödvändig för Astrid Lindgrens Näs. / The main purpose with the project is to put light on exhibitions and their inner structures. For this project I have specifically chosen to look at the exhibitions at Astrid Lindgrens Näs. The method for the project is to mix empiricism with theory which resulted in me visiting Astrid Lindgrens Näs and working with theory which describes the relationship between visitors and the museum, the author and the authorship. The radio piece’s purpose is to give an hint of how the museum works, in a practical way. The project shows that the conventions in the museum is present and what maintains the conventions is the fear of the visitors misunderstanding. I also discovered that the role of the author, who among others Foucault describes, is necessary for Astrid Lindgrens Näs.

This study explores the interrelationship between spatiality and subjecthood in the work of Stéphane Mallarmé, Guillaume Apollinaire, Maurice Maeterlinck, and Alfred Jarry. Concerned with various modes of poetry and drama, it also examines the cross-pollination that can occur between these modes, focusing on a relatively narrow corpus of core texts: Mallarmé’s Igitur (c. 1867-70) and Un Coup de dés (1897); Apollinaire’s “Zone” (1912) and various of his calligrammes; Maeterlinck’s early one-act plays—L’Intruse (1890), Les Aveugles (1890), and Intérieur (1894); and Jarry’s Ubu roi (1896) and César-Antechrist (1895). The poetic and dramatic practices of these four authors are assessed against the broader cultural and philosophical contexts of the fin de siècle. The fin de siècle witnessed a profound epistemological shift: the Newtonian-Cartesian paradigm, increasingly challenged throughout the nineteenth century, was largely dismantled, with ramifications beyond physics, philosophy and psychology. Chapter 1 introduces three foundational notions—Newtonian absolute space, the unitary Cartesian subject, and subject-object dualism—that were challenged and ultimately overthrown in turn-of-the-century science and art. Developments in theatre architecture and typographic design are examined against this philosophical backdrop with a view to establishing a diachronic and interdisciplinary framework of the authors in question. Chapter 2 focuses on the spatial dimension of Mallarmé’s Un Coup de dés and Apollinaire’s calligrammes—works which defamiliarise page-space by undermining various (naturalised) conventions of paginal configuration. In Chapter 3, the notion of liminality (the experience or condition of the betwixt and between) is implemented in an analysis of character and diegetic space as constructed in Jarry’s Ubu roi and Maeterlinck’s one-acts. Chapters 4 and Chapter 5 undertake a more abstract investigation of parallel inverse processes—the subjectivisation of space and the spatialisation of the subject —manifest not only in the works of Mallarmé, Maeterlinck, Apollinaire and Jarry, but in the period’s poetry and drama more generally.

Le développement des sociétés à travers le monde est influencé par des dynamiques de pouvoir social. D’une perspective de genre, les relations patriarcales ont contribué à la réorganisation du développement par un accès inégal aux ressources, à l’espace et à la mobilité. La société mexicaine, caractérisée par un fort patriarcat et une pauvreté endémique, a vu émerger de multiples outils de développement pour pallier aux inégalités de genre. Plus récemment, les programmes de microfinance sont devenus un instrument de choix pour lutter contre la marginalisation des femmes et les inégalités de genre. La littérature scientifique présente des lacunes au sujet de la nature des relations de genre dans les ménages qui bénéficient de la microfinance. Plusieurs études portent sur les impacts de la microfinance sur la vie des femmes, mais peu offrent une vision holistique considérant la microfinance comme un outil de développement capable de changer la nature spatiale des inégalités de genre. Cette recherche est basée sur une comparaison qualitative de deux études de cas de groupes de microfinance de San Miguel Tenextatiloyan et d’Émilio Carranza, deux communautés de la Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexique). Son objectif principal est d’évaluer le degré selon lequel les programmes de microfinance ont changé la place des femmes dans la société. Pour répondre à cette question, un portrait de l’organisation spatiale du genre sera tracé, puis, les impacts des programmes de microfinance sur la place des femmes dans les espaces domestiques, de travail et communautaires seront évalués. L’étude mène à la conclusion que les programmes de microfinance du CESDER n’ont pas beaucoup changé la place des femmes dans la société. La recherche dévoile plutôt que, dans un contexte de pauvreté, la microfinance stabilise les ménages et offre des lieux d’échange et de réseautage, mais elle n’offre pas aux femmes une véritable chance d’acquérir plus de contrôle sur leur vie. Deuxièmement, les résultats démontrent que les tâches associées à la reproduction sociale – largement assumée par les femmes - engendrent une barrière structurante à l’empowerment des femmes, un obstacle que la microfinance ne parvient pas entièrement à surmonter. Mots-clés : Géographie du genre, relations de pouvoir, développement, microfinance, spatialité, néolibéralisme, Mexique. / The development of societies around the world is influenced by dynamics of social power. From a perspective of gender, patriarchal relationships often shape development by influencing differential access to resources, including space and mobility. Mexico, historically characterized by both patriarchy and endemic poverty, has been home to a wide range of development strategies addressing gendered inequality. Most recently, microfinance programs have become an instrument of choice for confronting female marginalization and gender inequality. The scientific literature reveals important gaps in the study of gendered relationships in households which benefit from microfinance. Several studies address the impact of microfinance on the lives of women, but few offer a holistic vision that views microfinance as a tool of development promising to shift the spatial nature of gendered inequality. This research is based on qualitative comparative case studies of microfinance groups in San Miguel Tenextatiloyan and Émilio Carranza, two communities of the Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexico). Its primary objective is to evaluate the degree to which microfinance programs have changed the place of the women in society. To answer this issue, a portrait of the spatial organization of gender is presented, and then the impacts of microfinance programs on the place of women in domestic, work and community spaces is assessed. The results of the study indicate that microfinance programs have not changed substantially the place of women in society. Rather the research finds that, in a context of poverty, microfinance stabilizes households, but does not lead to a clear amelioration of the material circumstances of women’s lives. Secondly, the findings demonstrate that the tasks associated with social reproduction – largely assumed by women – provide a structural barrier to female empowerment that microfinance alone cannot fully confront. Keywords: Gender geography, power relations, development, microfinance, spatiality, neoliberalism, Mexico. / El desarrollo de las sociedades a través del mundo es influido por dinámicas de poder social. De una perspectiva de género, las relaciones patriarcales contribuyeron a la reorganización del desarrollo por un acceso desigual a los recursos, al espacio y a la movilidad. La sociedad mexicana, caracterizada por un patriarcado fuerte y una pobreza endémica, vio emerger instrumentos múltiples de desarrollo para mitigar a las desigualdades de género. Más recientemente, los programas de microfinanzas se convirtieron en un instrumento de elección para luchar contra la marginación de las mujeres y las desigualdades de género. La literatura científica presenta lagunas respecto a la naturaleza de las relaciones de género en los hogares que gozan de las microfinanzas. Varios estudios se refieren en los impactos de estos programas en la vida de las mujeres, pero poco ofrecen una visión holística que considere las microfinanzas como un instrumento de desarrollo capaz de cambiar la naturaleza espacial de las desigualdades de género. Esta investigación está basada en una comparación cualitativa de dos estudios de caso de grupos de microfinanzas de San Miguel Tenextatiloyan y de Emilio Carranza, dos comunidades de la Sierra Norte de Puebla (México). Su objetivo principal es evaluar el grado según el cual los programas de microfinanzas cambiaron el lugar de las mujeres en la sociedad. Para responder a esta cuestión, un retrato de la organización espacial del género será trazado; posteriormente se analizarán y evaluarán los impactos de los programas de microfinanzas respecto al papel de las mujeres en los espacios domésticos, de trabajo y comunitario. El estudio lleva a la conclusión que los programas de microfinanzas del CESDER no cambiaron mucho la plaza de las mujeres en la sociedad. La investigación descubre más bien que, en un contexto de pobreza, las microfinanzas estabilizan los hogares y ofrecen un lugar de discusión, pero no les ofrecen a las mujeres una verdadera posibilidad de adquirir más control sobre su vida. En segundo lugar, los resultados demuestran que las tareas asociadas con la reproducción social -ampliamente asumida por las mujeres- engendran una barrera estructurante en el empoderamiento de las mujeres, un obstáculo que las microfinanzas no llegan totalmente a eliminar. Palabras clave: geografía del género, relaciones de poder, desarrollo, microfinanzas, espacialidad, neoliberalismo, México.

Women in the Province of Manitoba are discharged daily from provincial jails back to their communities after an interruption in their lives of anywhere from days to years. Many of these women cycle in and out of jail on a regular basis. This hermeneutic phenomenological study explored the daily lifeworlds of re-imprisoned women during their return to the community. Twelve women (nine Aboriginal, three Caucasian) were interviewed. Analysis of the study themes using van Manen’s existentials: temporality, spatiality, relationality, and corporeality revealed the complex multi-systemic issues that affect women’s lived experiences. The essence of the women’s accounts provides some insight into how the role of intergenerational, personal trauma and accumulated trauma impacted their lived experiences and continues to do so when they re-enter the community. The opportunities and options that women had to make positive life changes were obscured by insidious barriers and challenges impairing their ability to avoid re-imprisonment. / May 2016

Este trabalho discute as possibilidades de construção de ações emancipatórias frente às imposições hegemônicas. Para tanto, buscou-se compreender as práticas construídas nas ambiências das classes subalternas, em especial sua relação com o espaço no contexto da cidade. Tal relação foi discutida a partir do entendimento da comunicação e cultura como campo investigativo e da consideração do espaço como eixo articulador das novas subjetividades subalternas. Ao tomar como objeto de estudo o trabalho realizado pela Rede Livre Leste, o que se buscou, nesta pesquisa, foi mapear aspectos das novas subjetividades subalternas, analisando suas práticas culturais e seus processos comunicativos. Assim, avaliaram-se as potencialidades de constituição de novos fluxos emancipatórios diante da imposição das forças hegemônicas, ou seja, procurou-se estimar a viabilidade da constituição de espacialidades subalternas. / This paper discussed about the possibilities of the constructions of emancipatory actions before the hegemonic impositions in understanding the practices built in the ambiences of subaltern classes, especially its relationship with espace in the city context. These relationships have been discussed from the understanding of communication and culture as investigative field and taking into account the espace as the articulator central line of the new subaltern subjectivities. By taking as the study aim the work done by Rede Livre Leste, this paper aimed to map the aspects of the new subaltern subjectivities, analysing its cultural practices and its communicative processes to evaluate the potentialities of constitution of new emancipatory flows before the imposition of the hegemonic forces, that is, it was attempted to estimate the viability of the constitution of the subaltern spatialities.

No description available.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux sur l'acquisition des langues étrangères. L'objectif principal est de déterminer les structurations linguistiques transitoires employées par les apprenants francophones pour exprimer l'espace en mandarin langue étrangère. La procédure utilisée est l'analyse d'un corpus de productions orales issues d'une étude expérimentale de vingt mois menée auprès d'apprenants adultes francophones du mandarin de niveau débutant, intermédiaire et avancé. Pour atteindre l'objectif fixé, nous nous penchons d'abord sur l'acquisition des verbes directionnels en mandarin, puis sur les calculs des coordonnées spatiales qui impliquent l'« habitual thought » du mandarin concernant les verbes lái (venir) et qù (aller). L'analyse des expressions spatiales par les apprenants nous permettra ensuite de détailler le processus d'acquisition des ensembles spécifiques de la relation forme/fonction du mandarin et, plus précisément, la façon dont les options linguistiques façonnent la production des apprenants à chaque niveau de l'apprentissage. L'étude de l'acquisition des verbes de repérage ainsi que du calcul des coordonnées spatiales, quant à elles, nous dévoileront le processus cognitif de la conceptualisation du domaine spatial. / This thesis intervenes in the field of foreign language acquisition. The main objective is to determine the transient language structuring used by French-speaking learners to express space in Mandarin. The procedure used is the analysis of an oral corpus from an experimental study during twenty months with French-speaking adult learners of three different Mandarin levels: beginner, intermediate and advanced. To achieve our goal, we focus primarily on the acquisition of directional verbs in Mandarin, then on the calculation of spatial coordinates that involve the "habitual thought" about Mandarin verbs lái (come) and qù (go). The analysis of spatial expressions by French learners will detail the process of acquiring specific sets of the form/function relationship in Mandarin; to be more precise, we will show how the language options shape the learners production at each level of learning. The acquisition of the verbs lái (come) and qù (go) and of the calculation of spatial coordinates, in turn, will reveal the cognitive process of space conceptualization by the French learners.

O presente trabalho trata da análise da estrutura e da espacialidade na obra de Mies van der Rohe. O objetivo é identificar sistemas e estratégias estruturais diversas ao longo do seu trabalho e entender sua relação com a evolução da concepção espacial de suas obras. Adotou-se como referência para esta análise dois períodos da carreira de Mies: o Período Europeu, de 1906 a 1938, e o Período Americano de 1938 a 1968, nos quais foram identificadas respectivamente quatro fases estruturais, conforme os sistemas estruturais e espaciais utilizados. A investigação centrou-se em quatro obras de referência do arquiteto: o Pavilhão de Barcelona (1928-29), o Crown Hall (1950), o Edifício Seagram (1954) e a Neuegalerie (1968). Compreendendo que o elemento poético da obra do arquiteto, aquele a partir do qual se articulam estrutura e espacialidade, é a tectônica, buscou-se analisar as convergências entre concepção espacial e estrutural e a tectônica destas obras. O resultado mostra que Mies van der Rohe, através de sessenta anos de ensaios e pesquisas estruturais e espaciais, consegue nas décadas de 1950-60 chegar à essência da sua obra: a estrutura como meio ordenador espacial do edifício. / This dissertation analyzes the structure and spatial characteristics on Mies van der Rohe´s work. The goal is to identify many structural strategies and systems throughout Rohe's work in order to understand their relationship with his spatial conception evolution. Two periods of Rohe's career were adopted as reference for this analysis: the European period, from 1906 to 1938, and the American period, from 1938 to 1968. In these periods, four structural stages were identified according to the structural and spatial systems used. The investigation focused on four of his key works: Barcelona Pavilion (1928), Crown Hall (1950), Seagram Building (1954) and Neuegalerie (1968).Understanding that the poetic element within the architect´s work - that from which structural and spatial concepts articulate - is its tectonic element, it was developed here the analysis of the convergence between the space and structural conceptions and the tectonics of the cited works. The dissertation finds that Mies van der Rohe - after 60 years of attempts, and structural spatial researches - achieved, during the 50s and 60s , the essence of his work: the structure as the spatial organizer of the building.

This thesis examines the use of form and spatial language in confessional fiction by men to elucidate how they conceptualise and negotiate material, corporeal, and psychological boundaries amidst the shifting social and political landscape of the United States since the Second World War. In light of increasingly urgent calls to address gender and racial discrimination in the United States, this study offers timely insight into an identity that, while culturally dominant, often escapes examination: white, heterosexual masculinity. Focusing on the representation of forms and spatial imagery, the chapters explore how five formally experimental novelists-Vladimir Nabokov, Joseph McElroy, Harry Mathews, William H. Gass, and Peter Dimock- employ the confessional genre to illustrate the way men perceive themselves as spatially and temporally circumscribed, and to look at the way they reinforce or transgress the boundaries of masculine identity. The post-war period in the United States witnessed a proliferation of confessional writing that coincided with the popularisation of Freudian psychoanalysis, the cold war rhetoric of suspicion, and the rise of second-wave feminism. As a result, the concept of the self increasingly becomes a repository for fantasies of potential discovery and hidden danger that rely, significantly, on metaphors of surface and depth. It is within, and often against, this cultural preoccupation with the self that these writers address, both directly and indirectly, the status of white masculinity. Drawing on innovative theories of forms and spatiality, this study examines the diverse language and imagery men use to describe their sense of selfhood as well as the bonds they form with others. The works considered in this study demonstrate a common preoccupation with the boundaries that separate interior from exterior and private from public. In response to pressures both intimate and impersonal, the narrators of the texts discussed in this thesis turn to confessional practices of written self-examination to locate themselves within networks of fluctuating relations and obligations. The question that this thesis seeks to resolve is whether the forms and spatial language the narrators employ enable or obstruct their efforts to negotiate the competing demands of ethical responsibilities to others and the desire to preserve a stable sense of self.