本研究採現象學研究取向，探究幼兒在開放式學習環境建構單位積木圍出空間的本質意義。探究其內涵以理解幼兒建構單位積木圍出空間的身體經驗與所建築的建築空間之關係。 　　研究者故事的描述進行現象學還原，描述在幼兒園積木角靜觀一位中班五歲幼兒運用單位積木建構「麥當勞」的歷程。通過此描述歷程，逐漸獲得幼兒藉由身體運動建構單位積木圍出空間作為「身體邊界的延展」之本質性意義。同時也進一步理解支持身體邊界進行延展的要素－時間性、身體感、空間性與想像力間的關係。 　　最後，本研究從現象學研究取向，日常活動的教育意義提出未來的展望。 / For this study the researcher used the phenomenological research orientation to explore the essential meaning of children in the open learning environment developing enclosed spaces surrounded by constructing with unit blocks. Indeed, to make a thorough inquiry into the relationship between the body experience and the built architectural space of children constructing with unit blocks. For the purpose of proceeding the phenomenological reduction, the researcher adopted description of the story in-position viewing a 5-year-old girl building her "McDonald's" restaurant construction with unit blocks in the block center in a preschool classroom. Following through the progress of this description, gradually get the essential meaning of children via physical movement forming enclosed spaces with unit blocks constructing so as to "extend the boundary of the body". Measwhile, further understand the relationship of the elements that supporting body boundry extending movement- timeliness, sense of the body, spatiality and imagination. Finally, this research is going to take a glance into the future from both of the phenomenological research orientation and the meaning of molar activity in early childhood education.

No description available.

Net relationships are coordinated by the action of participants interconnected in many scales and geographic spatiality; in a social, political, economic, and solidarity character. The rural space presents a complexity of processes from such relationships in the 21st Century, with production restructuring and new organization and spatiality dynamics. In despite of the fact that the net relationships are not new, the study of their processes are relevant currently. In some specific spatialities the increasing importance of agrindustrial integration is highlighted, connected to the CAIs and familiar agrindustries. This way, the research aimed to distinguish and analyze the establishment and presence of production nets that coordinate and organize the productive processes in the rural space through vertical and horizontal relationships. The empirical referent was the town of Caibi in the state of Santa Catarina. The set of theoretical, methodological, and conceptual approaches led to a dialectical analysis and a systemic methodology. Different data collection techniques have been applied for the investigation. The conceptual thought conveyed to the terminology net and its current diffusion, as well as the establishment of nets in Brazilian agriculture, its processes and dynamics for the restructuring, approaching different types of nets and the implications for the involved participants. The modernization process in agriculture, from 1960, increased socio-economic inequality among participants, products, and nets. It has also caused the increase of rural exodus, making visible the structures and products specificities. This process led to new ways of net production in the vanguard of the 21st Century, due to the restructuring of the capitalist production mode. Different participants, products, and nets develop relationships through exogenous and endogenous paths, willing to enable the production system. The first makes the vertical spatiality, resulting into production increase and, consequently influencing the economic growth with innovations that, to a certain extent, enable the social group to stay in the rural area. A production mode integrated to the competitive market and cheap workforce exploitation contribute to the market fragility. The second is set horizontally and characterized by trusting bonds, learning, and innovation; it preserves the autonomy of the rural participant constituted by their know-how and culture. These nets might contribute for possible development ways simultaneously approaching welfare based on social, environmental, and economic harmony. / As relações em rede são coordenadas pelas ações dos atores interligados em diversas escalas e meios da espacialidade geográfica, seja de caráter social, político, econômico, familiar ou solidário. O rural apresenta uma complexidade de processos oriundos de tais relações na aurora do século XXI, com reestruturação da produção e de novas formas de organização na dinâmica das espacialidades. Apesar das relações em redes, não serem novas, o estudo de seus processos no rural ganharam relevância nos dias atuais. Em determinadas espacialidades evidencia-se a importância crescente do sistema de integração agroindustrial, ligado aos CAIs e as agroindústrias familiares. Deste modo, se objetivou distinguir e analisar a formação e a presença das redes de produção que coordenam e organizam os processos produtivos no meio rural, por meio de relações verticais e horizontais, configurando-se nas dinâmicas dessas espacialidades. Usou-se como referencial empírico o município de Caibi/SC, para isso, lançou-se mão de arcabouço teórico-metodológico-conceitual, embasado na análise dialética e na metodologia sistêmica. Os procedimentos de investigação se serviram de diferentes técnicas de coleta de dados e de ferramentas para seu tratamento. A reflexão conceitual se remeteu a origem da terminologia rede e a difusão deste termo na contemporaneidade, bem como do estabelecimento de redes na agricultura brasileira, seus processos e dinâmicas de reestruturação, abordando os diferentes tipos de redes e as implicações para os atores envolvidos. O processo de modernização na agricultura, a partir de 1960, agravou as desigualdades socioeconômicas entre atores, produtos e redes, provocando o aumento do êxodo rural e tornando visíveis as estruturas, as especificidades dos produtos e entre os atores. Este processo levou ao surgimento de novas formas de redes de produção na vanguarda do Século XXI, provocadas pela reestruturação do modo de produção capitalista. São diferentes atores, produtos e tipos de redes de produção tramando relações por vias exógenas ou endógenas ao local, no afã de garantir sua reprodução no sistema. As primeiras tramam a espacialidade verticalmente resultando no aumento da produção e, consequentemente influindo no crescimento econômico, com inovações que, de certo modo, possibilitam a permanência do grupo social no campo. Mesmo que para isso altere a cultura sob um sistema de produção integrado ao mercado competitivo e de exploração da mão-deobra barata, contribuindo para a fragilidade do mercado e debilitando o local. As segundas, estabelecidas na horizontalidade e em laços de confiança se regem pela aprendizagem e inovação, preservando a autonomia do ator rural constituída pelo seu saber-fazer e sua cultura. Estas redes podem estar contribuindo para possíveis caminhos do propalado desenvolvimento que concirna simultaneamente, a tríade do bem-estar, com base na harmonia do social, do ambiental e do econômico.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Clovis Meireles Nobrega Junior.pdf: 714176 bytes, checksum: b2e12462432e58c21f0de2b3188c186b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17 / Caio Fernando Abreu always tried to create his fiction beyond conventionalisms of all kinds. In his works he exposes his particular themes through a personal use of language, considered by literary critics as very far away from the conventionalities of the Brazilian Literature of his time. This affirmation can be confirmed in great part of his narratives, such as in the following short stories selected for analysis in this thesis: "Photo","Sunday", "Flight", and "Owls", from Inventory of the Ir-remediable (1996);"Visit" and "The Canned Daisy", from The Stabbed Egg (1976);"The True Story/History of Sally Can Dance (and The Kids)",from Stones of Calcutta (1996),"For the Passage of a Great Pain" and "The Survivors" from Musty Strawberries (1995). In this study we tried to analyze certain aspects of the characters' common traits presented in Caio's narratives such as loneliness, disenchantment, disbelief and faithlessness, to demonstrate the strategies through which the writer creates these characters. The reason for this analyzes is due to a certain dissatisfaction in relation to the research conducted and published about Caio s works whose recurrent themes are, in its majority, related to the representation of homosexuality and counterculture, the Military Dictatorship in Brazil and exile because of it, the hippie movement and the emergence of AIDS, in which the text by the author is continually dismissed or considered as secondary. Using ideas by Mário de Andrade and José Paulo Paes, who respectively delineated the "failed hero" and the "poor devil" kinds of character, as well as others by Freud, Benjamin, Kristeva, Scliar and Klein, who dealt with the themes of melancholia and loneliness, we tried to present in this thesis Caio's characters as ―"melancholic-solitary" as they feel themselves strange and/or displaced in the world they live in. Furthermore, through ideas by Osman Lins, Genette and Friedman, we have tried to put into evidence the elements which create in the narratives, especially in the characters themselves and in the spaces they live in, the atmosphere of absolute loneliness and melancholia which characterizes Caio's works. / Caio Fernando Abreu always tried to create his fiction beyond conventionalisms of all kinds. In his works he exposes his particular themes through a personal use of language, considered by literary critics as very far away from the conventionalities of the Brazilian Literature of his time. This affirmation can be confirmed in great part of his narratives, such as in the following short stories selected for analysis in this thesis: "Photo","Sunday", "Flight", and "Owls", from Inventory of the Ir-remediable (1996);"Visit" and "The Canned Daisy", from The Stabbed Egg (1976);"The True Story/History of Sally Can Dance (and The Kids)",from Stones of Calcutta (1996),"For the Passage of a Great Pain" and "The Survivors" from Musty Strawberries (1995). In this study we tried to analyze certain aspects of the characters' common traits presented in Caio's narratives such as loneliness, disenchantment, disbelief and faithlessness, to demonstrate the strategies through which the writer creates these characters. The reason for this analyzes is due to a certain dissatisfaction in relation to the research conducted and published about Caio s works whose recurrent themes are, in its majority, related to the representation of homosexuality and counterculture, the Military Dictatorship in Brazil and exile because of it, the hippie movement and the emergence of AIDS, in which the text by the author is continually dismissed or considered as secondary. Using ideas by Mário de Andrade and José Paulo Paes, who respectively delineated the "failed hero" and the "poor devil" kinds of character, as well as others by Freud, Benjamin, Kristeva, Scliar and Klein, who dealt with the themes of melancholia and loneliness, we tried to present in this thesis Caio's characters as ―"melancholic-solitary" as they feel themselves strange and/or displaced in the world they live in. Furthermore, through ideas by Osman Lins, Genette and Friedman, we have tried to put into evidence the elements which create in the narratives, especially in the characters themselves and in the spaces they live in, the atmosphere of absolute loneliness and melancholia which characterizes Caio's works. / Caio Fernando Abreu sempre procurou desenvolver sua ficção acima dos convencionalismos de toda e qualquer ordem. Em suas obras, expôs uma temática própria, através do uso de uma linguagem tida por críticos literários como fora dos padrões tradicionais cultivados na literatura brasileira de sua época. Tal afirmação pode ser percebida em grande parte de suas narrativas, tais como nos seguintes contos, que selecionamos para análise nesta dissertação: "Fotografia", "Domingo", "Fuga" e "Corujas", de Inventário do ir-remediável (1996); ''Visita"' e "A margarida enlatada", de O ovo apunhalado (1976);"A verdadeira estória/história de Sally Can Dance (and The Kids)", de Pedras de Calcutá (1996) e "Pela passagem de uma grande dor" e "Os sobreviventes", de Morangos mofados (1995). Procuramos, neste estudo, evidenciar certos aspectos dos traços comuns às personagens apresentadas nas narrativas do escritor, como solidão, desencanto, descrença e falta de fé, buscando demonstrar as estratégias através das quais o autor criou essas personagens. A razão para essa análise é resultado de certa insatisfação em relação às pesquisas feitas e publicadas a respeito da obra de Caio, cujos temas recorrentes estão, em grande parte, relacionados com a representação da homossexualidade, bem como com a contracultura, a Ditadura Militar e exílio por causa dela, o movimento hippie e o surgimento da AIDS, nos quais o texto do autor muitas vezes é relegado a um segundo plano. Assim, recorrendo a Mário de Andrade e José Paulo Paes, que respectivamente delinearam a figura do "herói fracassado" e do "pobre diabo", assim como a Freud, Benjamin, Kristeva, Scliar e Klein, que trataram do tema da melancolia ou da solidão, apresentamos, neste trabalho, as personagens de Caio como "melancólico-solitárias", tomadas pela sensação de estranhamento e deslocamento diante do mundo em que vivem. Além disso, retomando autores como Osman Lins, Genette e Friedman, tentamos evidenciar os elementos que criam nas narrativas, especificamente nas personagens e nos espaços nelas representados, a atmosfera de total solidão e melancolia, que caracteriza a obra do escritor. / Caio Fernando Abreu sempre procurou desenvolver sua ficção acima dos convencionalismos de toda e qualquer ordem. Em suas obras, expôs uma temática própria, através do uso de uma linguagem tida por críticos literários como fora dos padrões tradicionais cultivados na literatura brasileira de sua época. Tal afirmação pode ser percebida em grande parte de suas narrativas, tais como nos seguintes contos, que selecionamos para análise nesta dissertação: "Fotografia", "Domingo", "Fuga" e "Corujas", de Inventário do ir-remediável (1996); ''Visita"' e "A margarida enlatada", de O ovo apunhalado (1976);"A verdadeira estória/história de Sally Can Dance (and The Kids)", de Pedras de Calcutá (1996) e "Pela passagem de uma grande dor" e "Os sobreviventes", de Morangos mofados (1995). Procuramos, neste estudo, evidenciar certos aspectos dos traços comuns às personagens apresentadas nas narrativas do escritor, como solidão, desencanto, descrença e falta de fé, buscando demonstrar as estratégias através das quais o autor criou essas personagens. A razão para essa análise é resultado de certa insatisfação em relação às pesquisas feitas e publicadas a respeito da obra de Caio, cujos temas recorrentes estão, em grande parte, relacionados com a representação da homossexualidade, bem como com a contracultura, a Ditadura Militar e exílio por causa dela, o movimento hippie e o surgimento da AIDS, nos quais o texto do autor muitas vezes é relegado a um segundo plano. Assim, recorrendo a Mário de Andrade e José Paulo Paes, que respectivamente delinearam a figura do "herói fracassado" e do "pobre diabo", assim como a Freud, Benjamin, Kristeva, Scliar e Klein, que trataram do tema da melancolia ou da solidão, apresentamos, neste trabalho, as personagens de Caio como "melancólico-solitárias", tomadas pela sensação de estranhamento e deslocamento diante do mundo em que vivem. Além disso, retomando autores como Osman Lins, Genette e Friedman, tentamos evidenciar os elementos que criam nas narrativas, especificamente nas personagens e nos espaços nelas representados, a atmosfera de total solidão e melancolia, que caracteriza a obra do escritor.

La revitalisation urbaine est une politique publique qui vise principalement les quartiers les plus défavorisés en s’attaquant en priorité à la pauvreté locale, à l’exclusion sociale et au cadre bâti dégradé. L’objectif de cette politique est de faire en sorte que les quartiers visés puissent jouir d’un environnement sain et moins contrasté avec le reste de l’agglomération. Ce type d’intervention connait un succès varié, car il existe une grande variété de programmes de revitalisation urbaine, dont celle que nous allons traiter dans ce mémoire. La revitalisation urbaine intégrée est un programme de lutte contre la pauvreté territorialisée, d’initiative locale, qui s’attaque aux îlots de pauvreté sur l’île de Montréal. Ce programme dispose de plusieurs démarches à Montréal, toutes fonctionnant sur le même modèle décentralisé de participation citoyenne, de concertation, et d’autonomie, dans le but de lutter contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion grâce à des initiatives locales. Ce mémoire propose d’interroger la contribution du programme RUI à la revitalisation urbaine dans le cadre de la démarche développée dans le quartier d’Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. L’intérêt de cette recherche est multiple, 1) la transformation d’un espace soumis à une spatialité avec laquelle il ne partage pas les mêmes valeurs 2) le risque que le programme RUI participe au développement de la gentrification malgré lui, 3) le rôle de la participation citoyenne dans l’exercice de concertation 4) la contribution du programme RUI à la revitalisation d’Hochelaga. L’analyse de la démarche RUI d’Hochelaga porte principalement sur les entrevues semi-directives recueillies auprès des membres du comité local de revitalisation et d’habitants du quartier. Leurs discours révèlent un manque de consensus dû à la diversité des acteurs, des lacunes dans l’exercice de la participation citoyenne, et un financement très limité. Certains regrettent même un manque d’actions concrètes contre la pauvreté. Mais dans l’ensemble, l’initiative est saluée par tous, car à défaut de lutter contre la dimension économique de la pauvreté, elle permet d’améliorer la qualité de vie et d’accroitre la capacité d’agir des habitants. / Urban revitalization is a public policy which focuses on poor neighborhood and fights local poverty, social exclusion and degraded environments. The goal of this policy is to put the poor neighboorhoods on the same scale as the rest of the agglomeration. This type of intervention has varying degrees of success because there are a wide range of urban revitalization programs, including the one we will be talking about in this thesis. Integrated Urban Revitalization (RUI) is a program fighting territorial poverty which targets impoverished areas on the island of Montreal. This program has taken several actions throughout Montreal, and each of them operate on the same decentralized model of citizen participation, concertation and autonomy in order to fight poverty and exclusion via local initiatives. This dissertation proposes a questioning of RUI’s contribution on urban revitalization within the framework of procedures developed in the Hochelaga- Maisonneuve neighborhood of Montreal. There are many areas of interest in this study, specifically (1) the contrast between the transformation of this space and the extant values in the area, (2) the risks posed by the RUI program and its participation in the development of a gentrification program in spite of its original goals, (3) the role of the citizen participation in consultation, and (4) The contribution of the RUI program on urban revitalization in Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. The analysis of the RUI program is mainly based on interviews collected with members of a local revitalization committee and citizens of the neighborhood. Their discourses reveal a lack of consensus ascribed to the wide variety of actors, gaps in the process of participation and limited funding. Some citizens resent the lack of concrete actions taken against poverty. Overall, the initiative is praised by all participants, because while fighting economic dimensions of poverty, it allows for the improvement of living conditions and the ability to take action.

With this essay I aim to illustrate the simultaneous tension between and entanglement of narratives of mire and modernity in Sara Lidman’s novel Hjortronlandet. Both mire and modernity are understood wide concepts; as temporal as well as spatial markers relating to nature. Through the theoretical frame of Kate Soper’s What is Nature?, Yi-Fu Tuan’s Space and Place and Doreen Massey’s Space, Place and Gender I explore how concepts of nature, time and place are conceptualized, discussed and rewritten in the novel. The analysis shows that nature, time and place are simultaneously understood through narratives and through the intimate experience of material surroundings. Narratives are thus discussed and rewritten when applied to new material surroundings, and the natural surroundings are experienced through already established narratives. Hjortronlandet explores the lives of poor settlers in northern Sweden during the first half of the 20th century in their attempt to convert their allotted wetland to farmland. Throughout the novel the propaganda narratives of the Swedish state clash with the settlers’ intimate experience of place and natural surroundings. All the while, the settler project is undertaken on behalf of the state and plays a part in the creation of a unified modern state. I argue that though an exploration of the perceived dichotomy of mire and modernity presented by the state the entanglement of the two concepts is made visible in the novel. By examining ostensibly contrasting positions I conclude that the novel exposes the untenable approach of the modern state to material surroundings.

This bachelor’s thesis deals with how the spatiality of libraries can correlate with instances of disorderly user behaviors. The fact that public libraries are among the types that are most prone to disorder, while Kriminalvården’s (the Swedish correctional service’s) librarians rarely experience similar problematic behaviors, could be said to illustrate a balancing act between anarchy and a manic need for control; where the most ideal compromise is, is based both upon personal values and the situation at hand.   To compare different reasonings about the room and the users, public librarians’ perspectives on factors of architecture and design have been contrasted with how librarians within Kriminalvården view the matter. The study has mainly been carried out using qualitative semi-structured interviews as well as a supplementary questionnaire. Operationalized factors of spatial influence in the form of categorized opposites (accessible/inaccessible, comfortable/repellent, visible/obscured, enabling/forbidding), which were identified early on and have guided the investigation, are used both implicitly in the interview guides and the questionnaire as well as explicitly in reading for the thematic analysis.   The terms “ideal type”, “heterotopia”, and “panopticon/panopticism” are used theoretically to deepen the understanding of the essay’s collected data: their suitability emerges in the nuances of what libraries can/should be; what happens when you bring together multiple functions in one space; as well as how control through surveillance can be understood and applied in library spaces.   The results show several differences at the operational level, but also similarities in terms of the librarian’s approach and view on problematic factors. Public libraries often have many functions (that do not always interact harmoniously) and offer more freedom, which risks their orderliness, while Kriminalvårdens library operations (which consists almost exclusively of literature distribution) have more order – but at the expense of user´s freedom.    The study’s outcome can be used as a basis of knowledge for practical planning of library design, but also as a springboard for further research. The effect of spatiality on users can prove important for the orderliness, atmosphere, and security of a library: cultivating an awareness regarding these possibilities of influence can thus be considered of great interest. / Denna kandidatuppsats hanterar hur biblioteks spatiala utformning kan korrelera med förekomster av ”biblioteksstök”. Att folkbibliotek är bland de mest stök-utsatta typerna, medan Kriminalvårdens bibliotekarier sällan upplever liknande problembeteenden, skulle kunna sägas illustrera en balansakt mellan anarki och kontrollmani; var den mest idealiska kompromissen ligger bygger på personliga värderingar och vad situationen kräver.    För att jämföra olika resonemang kring rummet och användarna har folkbibliotekariers perspektiv på arkitektoniska och designmässiga faktorer satts i kontrast mot hur bibliotekarier inom Kriminalvården ser på saken. Studien har genomförts främst med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer samt en kompletterande enkät. Operationaliseringar av spatiala påverkansfaktorer i form av kategoriserade motpoler (tillgängligt/svårtillgängligt, komfortabelt/avvisande, överblickbart/skymt, tillåtande/hindrande), som i förtid identifierats och styrt undersökningen, har använts både implicit i intervjuguiderna samt enkäten och explicit i utläsningen för den tematiska analysen.  Begreppen ”idealtyp”, ”heterotopi”, och ”panoptikon/panopticism” används teoretiskt för att fördjupa förståelsen av uppsatsens empiri: deras lämplighet framkommer i nyanserandet av vad bibliotek kan/bör vara; effekten av att sammanföra flera användningsområden i samma utrymme; samt hur kontroll genom övervakning kan förstås och appliceras i biblioteksutrymmen.    Resultatet visar på flera skillnader på verksamhetsnivå men även likheter i fråga om bibliotekariernas förhållningssätt och syn på problematiska faktorer. Folkbibliotek har ofta många funktioner (som inte alltid samspelar harmoniskt) och erbjuder mer frihet vilket riskerar kosta ordning, medan Kriminalvårdens biblioteksverksamhet (som utgörs närmast uteslutande av litteraturförmedling) har mer ordning – men på bekostnad av användarnas frihet.   Studiens utfall kan användas som kunskapsgrund för praktisk planering av biblioteksutformning, men även som en språngbräda för vidare forskning. Det spatialas influens över användare kan ha betydelse för biblioteks ordning, atmosfär, och trygghet: att kultivera en medvetenhet kring dessa påverkansmöjligheter kan därmed anses vara av stort intresse.

Färger som vi omges av påverkar oss i det vardagliga livet. Vi reagerar olika på färger som finns i ett rum utifrån färgens intensitet, textur och hur ljuset faller in. Däremot är färgen likaså ett subjektivt fenomen som förankras till våra preferenser och känslor. Tidigare forskning visar även på att färg är viktigt och att det har olika effekter på vårt mående och hur vi agerar. Problematiken idag utifrån min egna erfarenhet av att ha arbetat på förskolor grundar sig i att det saknas en mer färgrik kulör i den rumsliga miljön. Jag har ifrågasatt genom min egna upplevelse hur barn skulle reagera på en mer färgrik miljö och hur dem kommer till att stimuleras utav färg i den byggda miljön på förskolor. Att kombinera färg tillsammans med rummets utformning skulle kunna skapa en större inverkan på barnens beteende och sinnesstämning i deras lärmiljö eftersom färgen har en stor betydelse genom barnens uppväxt och utveckling. Syftet med studien är att belysa färgens egenskaper i rummets miljö på Bokebo förskola som utförs genom arkitektoniska aspekter , fullskaleförsök och genom teoretisk bakgrund inom färgpsykologi och tidigare forskningsstudier av färg och rumsligheter. Teorierna och fullskaleförsöket kommer sedan att förankras ihop med barnens svar på intervjufrågorna, där frågorna kommer ge svar på deras beteende och känslor i fullskaleförsöket, samt att observationerna kommer ge svar på deras stimulans i den rumsliga miljön. Detta kommer i slutändan att bidra till mer kunskap och förståelse för att kunna använda färg i förskolans fysiska miljöer på rätt sätt. Förutom intervjufrågor hos barnen kommer även pedagogerna på avdelningen att få genomgå intervjufrågor. Anledningen är för att kunna få svar på hur dem upplevde rummen och hur dem tror att det skulle kunna fungera för barnen. Intervjuer och observationer kommer att utvärderas tillsammans med tidigare forskning för att kunna se ett mönster i barnens beteende och sinnesstämning i den rumsliga miljön på Bokebo förskola. Resultatet av denna studie visar en övergripande positiv inverkan av färgen hos barnen. Däremot visade det sig skillnader i könen hos barnen. Ett mönster kunde tydas hos pojkar respektive flickor. Det ger ett resultat på att färgen är starkt kopplad till våra preferenser och känslor genom vår uppväxt , därför är det viktigt att flertalet aspekter tas i akt i utförandet av färg på förskolor. Resultatet upplyser även genom tidigare forskning att färgen bör användas i ett rum för rätt syfte och i rätt mängd, samt med rätt intensitet och dagssljus. Färgens applicering ska utföras med försiktighet och genom kunskap för att kunna uppnå ett bra resultat i den rumsliga miljön för barnen på förskolor. Det som är viktigt att tänka på är hur vi använder färgen och vad rummet har för form av syfte att användas till. Därför har fullskaleförsöket en stor betydelse i studien , den används för att få fram resultat på barnens reaktioner, beteende och stimulering av sinnen i rummet. Studien tar fram mer kunskap och förståelse i färgens betydelse som ska agera som inspiration till att vi ska våga använda mer färg, som ett kompletterande arkitektoniskt element till en bättre lärmiljö för barnen. / Colors that surround us affects us in everyday life. We react differently to colors in a room based on the color’s intensity, texture and how the light falls in. However, color is also a subjective phenomenon that is connected to our preferences and feelings. Previous research also shows that color is important and it has different effects on our mood and how we act.  The problem today based on my own experience of having worked in kindergarten is based on the lack of a more colorful color in the spatial environment. I have questioned through my own experience how children would react to a more colorful environment and how they will be stimulated by color in the built environment at kindergartens. Combining color together with the design of the room could create a greater impact on the children’s behavior and mood in their environment because color has a great importance through the children’s growth and development. The purpose of the study is to highlight the properties of color in the room environment at Bokebo kindergarten which is carried out through architectural aspects, full-scale experiments and through theoretical background in psychological color and previous research studies of color and spatiality.  The theories and the full-scale experiment will then be set together with the children’s answers to the interview questions, where the questions will provide answers to their behavior and feelings in the full-scale experiment, and also the observations will provide answers to their stimulation in the spatial environment. This will ultimately contribute to more knowledge and understanding to be able to use color in the kindergartens physical environments in the right way. In addition to interview questions for the children, the educators in the department will also have to go through interview questions. The reason is to be able to get answers to how they experienced the room and how they think it could work for the children. Interviews and observations will be evaluated together with previous research to be able to see a pattern in the children’s behavior andmood in the spatial environment at Bokebo kindergarten. The result of this study shows an overall positive influence of the color in the children. However differences in the genders of the children were found. A pattern could be interpreted in boys and girls respectively. It shows that the color is strongly linked to our preferences and feelings through our growth, therefore it is important that several aspects are taken into account in the implementation of color in kindergarten.The result also informs through previous research that the color should be used in a room for the right purpose and in the right amount, as well as with the right intensity and daylight. The application of the color must be carried out with caution and through knowledge to be able to achieve a good result in the spatial environment for the children in preschools. What is important to think about is how we use the color and what kind of purpose the room is used for. Therefore, the full-scale trial has a great importance in the study, it is used to bring out results on the children’s reactions, behavior and stimulation of the senses in the room.The study brings out more knowledge and understanding in the meaning of color, which should act as inspiration for us to dare to use more color, as a complementary architectural element to a better learning environment for the children.

This thesis provides a complex understanding of the phenomenological experience of whiteness as a racial category. Based on theories of critical whiteness studies, intersectionality and (white) phenomenology, I conducted five semi-structured interviews with five white women about their understandings of their whiteness within a context of transnational travel. The interviews have been interpreted using thematic analysis, with the aim to show that whiteness is inherently relational and contextual, always in conjunction with Others and in interplay with the spatial context, while at the same time intrinsically related to other intersectional parts of the self. By making use of autoethnography as a methodology, my situated knowledge as a researcher was integrated within the entire thesis. The study has shown that whiteness never stands alone but is inherently relational, not only with racialized Others, but also with other intersections such as womanhood, which complexifies the experience and understanding of it. Moreover, whiteness is perceived as the most normalized standard from which everything different and other is measured by, while it serves as an invisible social category that can move through the world unnoticed. Consequently, the normality of whiteness creates a feeling of reassurance and comfort and thus keeps it in its place as the most normalized social category from which the world unfolds.

In geography, maps are a tool of placement which locate both the cartographer and the territory made cartographic. In order to place objects in space, the cartographer inserts his own judgment into the scheme of his design. During the Early Modern period, maps were no longer suspicious icons as they were in the Middle Ages and not yet products of science, but subjects of discourse and works of art. The image of a cartographer’s territory depended on his vision—both the nature and placement of his gaze—and the product reflected that author’s judgment. This is not a study of maps as such but of Early Modern literature, cartographic by nature—the observations of the author were the motif of its design. However, rather than concretize observational judgment through art, the Early Modern literature discussed asserts a reverse relation—the generation of the material which may be observed, the reality, by the views of authors. Spatiality is now an emerging philosophical field of study, taking root in the philosophy of Deleuze & Guattari. Using the notion prevalent in both Postmodern and Early Modern spatiality, which makes of perception a collective delusion with its roots in the critique of Kant, this thesis draws a through-line across time, as texts such as Robert Burton’s An Anatomy of Melancholy, Thomas More’s Utopia, and selections from William Shakespeare display a tendency to remove value from the standard of representation, to replace meaning with cognition and prioritize a view of views over an observable world. Only John Milton approaches perception as possibly referential to objective reality, by re-inserting his ability to observe and exist in that reality, in a corpus which becomes less generative simulations of material than concrete signposts to his judgment in the world.