The objective of this thesis project focuses on designing and implementing a game portal for web-based motion games whilst achieving high usability. Many systems lack the creativ- ity to design web-usability with all the technical requirements and this study addresses this problem by implementing a front-end system that uses agile methodology with competitive analysis and consumes the back-end system with RESTful architecture by using AngularJS web application framework. Users were involved in the implementation process repetitively and the usability test was done with think aloud protocol and System Usability Scale which involves a questionnaire on paper. It was concluded that a clear and interactive navigation bar made it very useful for users to hover through the website. Having the notifications fixed on the upper right side of the navigation bar made them easily perceived by the users and including all user-related functions under username helped the user reach them easily. It was also concluded that modal view prevented page reloading by gathering users, attention at one point. Adding visual feedback functions such as highlighting the hovered or clicked link were appreciated by the users.

Uppsatsen undersöker användbarheten av tre digitala verktyg som pedagoger använder för att skapa digitala uppgifter och prov. Skolverkets digitaliseringsstrategi har som delmål att alla nationella prov ska skrivas digitalt år 2022. Karlstads Gymnasie- och vuxenutbildningsförvaltning önskade hjälp med att utvärdera hur pedagoger upplever användbarheten på lärplattformen Itslearning samt de digitala verktygen DigiExam och Microsoft OneNote som ingår i Microsoft Office 365. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vad pedagogerna tycker fungerar samt identifiera eventuella problem med de digitala verktygen. En avgränsning har gjorts till att undersöka hur pedagogerna upplever funktionen ”Test” i Itslearning, DigiExams funktion ”Skapa nytt prov”. En allmän utvärdering av Microsofts OneNote har utförts i syfte att undersöka pedagogernas uppfattning om verktygets användbarhet. Sex lärare på en gymnasieskola i Karlstad genomförde några arbetsuppgifter varefter de besvarade ett frågeformulär baserat på John Brookes ”System Usability Scale” (SUS). Slutsatsen är att Itslearning-funktionen ”Test” och DigiExam-funktionen ”Skapa nytt prov” är båda lätta att använda och väl genomtänkta. Utvärderingens resultat antyder en inte lika god användbarhet hos Microsoft OneNotes.

Self-awareness is a complex of abilities where empathy, theory of mind (ToM) and episodic memory are attributed to a higher level. Developed for demonstrating mirror self-recognition (MSR) in chimpanzees, mirror mark test has later been commonly used to demonstrate self-awareness in animals. Self-awareness is vital in issues about animal welfare, therefore examining methods of measurement for self-awareness is relevant for improving our understanding of this welfare. Pigs make suitable candidates by representing a species of great economic importance and because knowledge about how animals experience their life and their welfare has great ethical relevance. Consequently, the aim of this study is to illustrate self-awareness in animals and methods of measurement for this, using pigs as an illustrative example. To accomplish this research was conducted using Web of Science. When mirror mark test was applied on cleaner wrasse it was concluded that it passed the test but its relation to self-awareness and ToM was denied. In Pigs knowledge about the MSR is lacking, however they have showed more complex abilities like episodic-like memory and tactical deception, the latter being related to ToM. Cleaner wrasse here represents a species possessing a morphological disability in the mirror mark test, contributing to interpretation difficulties of its demonstrated behavior. Consequently, using the test as a standardized test for self-awareness is being questioned. A gradual perspective on self-awareness can entail better knowledge about which cognitive abilities are shared among species and possibly contribute to more justifiable assessments concerning the welfare of pigs and other farm animals.

In today’s connected world, there exists a large amount of tools that did not exist during the inception of computing and user interfaces. Many of these have seen their natural advent due to the Internet’s global accessibility. Ever since the initial simple user interfaces of text-based terminals, user testing has been researched and developed thoroughly as it provides a rigid set of feedback to the system architect which can help to more quickly and easily construct a system suited for its purpose. Through various methods of remote usability testing, a teacher-student interface is tested with a set of real users. The results of which are qualitatively compared between themselves and previous results using similar tools and evaluated for their usability. The results indicate that the system that was tested was generally perceived as well-performing but indicated several issues with how the tasks were created, underlining the necessity for a well-documented and thought through approach to the creation of usability testing tasks.

A presente tese, com o título “As Alternativas à Prisão: uma abordagem a partir da emergência do Estado Socioambiental, da Sustentabilidade e suas dimensões e da Humanização da Pena na Pós-Modernidade”, está inserida na linha de pesquisa Estado, Transnacionalidade e Sustentabilidade do Programa de Doutorado em Ciências Jurídicas da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí – Univali, no Brasil, em dupla titulação com o programa de Doutorado em Direito da Universidade de Alicante – UA, da Espanha. O objetivo da pesquisa é investigar as Sanções Penais, com base em uma reflexão histórica e crítica sobre o uso excessivo da Pena de Prisão, e verificar sua compatibilidade com o princípio da Sustentabilidade e também com a Humanização da Pena na Pós-Modernidade. Com isso buscam-se sugestões para a construção de um novo modelo de aplicação de Sanções Penais, com ênfase na prevenção criminal, em Alternativas Penais, assistência ao egresso, atenção às vítimas e infratores com transtorno mental ou uso de drogas, como forma de reducir a alta taxa de reincidência e conter o crescimento do crime organizado nas prisões brasileiras. A questão é relevante e justificada no cenário atual do crime no Brasil, cujas taxas elevadas afetam toda a Sociedade, causando um sentimento de insegurança generalizada e altos custos para o país. O conceito dinâmico e social do Direito Penal indica a sua vinculação ao momento histórico e cultural de cada Sociedade, acompanhando as alterações sociais, econômicas, culturais e tecnológicas. Em mundo em metamorfose são tantas e tão intensas transformações que é difícil vislumbrar como será o Direito Penal em poucos anos. Percebe-se o seu crescente e insustentável expansionismo, consequência de um irracionalismo legislativo, influenciado pela mídia e precipitado por uma Sociedade que quer respostas rápidas e imediatistas para problemas complexos. Para reverter ese quadro é preciso pensar em um Modelo Humano, Inteligente e Sustentável. Nenhuma Sociedade conseguiu renunciar ao Direito Penal, porém, na Pósmodernidade, é preciso desenvolvê-lo de forma racional e excepcional, como ultima ratio.

The recent widespread global use of ChatGPT has demonstrated immense applications for AI technology. With natural language as input, ChatGPT can generate and describe code in various programming languages. ChatGPT could enable the automation of repetitive tasks, thereby increasing efficiency. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the AI tool ChatGPT is a valuable resource for programmers to use in programming by examining whether the use of ChatGPT as an aid can lead to efficiency gains in programming and exploring how programmers perceive the usefulness of ChatGPT as an aid. In the study, a programmer is defined as a final-year student in the Bachelor’s Programme in Information Systems at Uppsala University. Quantitative data on time on task were collected through an experiment with code tests in the C# programming language to measure efficiency, and a survey based on SUS and ASQ was conducted in conjunction with the experiment to assess the perceived usefulness of ChatGPT. Participants were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups, where the experimental group used ChatGPT as an aid while the control group did not. The experimental group was on average 9.4 minutes faster than the control group, which was statistically significant. The perceived usefulness of ChatGPT was considered high based on SUS and ASQ, as the experimental group scored higher than the control group. The conclusion drawn is that ChatGPT is a valuable tool for programmers in programming, considering efficiency and perceived usefulness.

Spatiotemporal dynamics of resource availability can produce markedly different patterns of landscape utilization which necessitates studying habitat selection across biologically relevant extents. Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are a prolifically expanding, generalist species and researchers have yet to understand fundamental drivers of space use in agricultural landscapes within the United States. To study multi-scale habitat selection patterns, I deployed 13 GPS collars on feral pigs within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. I estimated resource selection using mixed-effects models to determine how feral pigs responded to changes in forage availability and incorporated those results with autocorrelated kernel density home range estimates. My results indicated season-specific habitat functional responses to changes in agricultural phenology and illustrated the interdependencies of landscape composition, hierarchical habitat selection, and habitat functional responses. These results indicate fundamental drivers of feral pig spatial distributions in an agricultural landscape which I used to predict habitat use to direct feral pig management.

Debido a las singulares características del noroeste de África, esta zona constituye un lugar de estudio interesante para entender cómo los cambios que se producen en el entorno pueden afectar a la distribución de las especies y a su historia evolutiva. Para ello es importante integrar varias herramientas para el estudio de la diversidad faunística. El estudio de las especies desde el punto de vista de la ecología evolutiva y la zoogeografía, junto a la realización de análisis moleculares, sirve tanto para entender por qué las especies han llegado a ser como son en la actualidad, como para entender los procesos evolutivos de cada especie. Esto se puede aplicar, por ejemplo, a la hora de tomar medidas correctas para proteger a una especie que se encuentre amenazada. Para esta tesis los animales seleccionados fueron el jabalí (Sus scrofa) y las liebres (Lepus spp.). Para los análisis del jabalí usamos ADN mitocondrial (citocromo b y región control). Los árboles filogenéticos bayesianos y los networks mostraron una estrecha relación entre los ejemplares de ambos continentes, e incluso a algunos ejemplares africanos compartiendo un haplotipo que es común en ejemplares de Europa. De los árboles filogenéticos también se obtuvieron los tiempos de divergencia, que dieron más datos de cuándo debieron de ocurrir aproximadamente estos acontecimientos. Respecto a las liebres, en el noroeste de África actualmente se considera que está presente la liebre del cabo (Lepus capensis); al sur del área de estudio está presente la liebre de la sabana africana (Lepus victoriae). En este trabajo nos adentramos en el análisis de la ecología evolutiva de las liebres con ayuda de análisis moleculares. Estudiamos la posible presencia de otras especies distintas a las mencionadas, y de especies crípticas en el área de estudio, teniendo en cuenta las presiones evolutivas que han podido ocasiones que la diversidad existente haya pasado desapercibida hasta la actualidad.

Deep learning has been extensively used in many areas because of its proven benefit. However, developing deep learning is challenging. The master thesis aims to investigate suitable information visualization for the output of an automated deep learning model platform. The thesis has been carried with Bitynamics AB. The methodologies used are: 1) user research; 2) prototyping; 3) user evaluation. The design requirements are gathered from user research and study literature. The prototype offered the visualization, including a list of models, model comparison, model training, testing, and prediction result. Ten people have evaluated the prototype by using usability testing, subjective expert interview, and questionnaires. From the user evaluation, it indicates the prototype has addressed the user problems in deep learning. The result shows the prototype has good usability based on the SUS and has a completion rate of 100%. The participants’ feedback has been categorized into five labels: 1) defining and designing the necessary functionalities; 2) the importance of customization; 3) designing the information visualization; 4) user interaction with data; and 5) trustworthiness of the recommended actions for parameter tuning. These labels should be considered when designing the visual analytics of an automated deep learning output platform. / På grund av att dess bevisade förmåner har deep learning har använts utförligt inom många områden. Dock är utvecklingen av deep learning utmanande. Målet med denna masterexamensarbetesrapport är att undersöka lämpliga visualiseringar för produkten från en automatiserad deep learning -modellsplattform. Arbetet har utförts tillsammans med Bitynamics AB. Metodologierna som har använts är: 1) användarintervjuer; 2) utveckla prototyp; 3) användarutvärdering. Designkraven är hämtade från användarforskning och studieliteratur. Prototypen erbjöd visualiseringen, inklusive en lista av modeller, modelljämförelse, modellträning, testning och resultatförutspåelse. Tio personer har utvärderat prototypen genom användarvänlighetstest, subjektiv expertintervju och frågeformulär. Från användarutvärderingen, är det indikerat att prototypen har hanterat användarnas problem med deep learning. Resultaten visar att prototypen är användarvänlig, baserat på SUS och en slutförandeandel på 100%. Deltagarnas återkoppling har kategoriserats in i fem kategorier: 1) definera och designa de nödvändiga funktionaliteterna; 2) betydelsen av anpassning; 3) designa informationsvisualiseringen; 4) användarinteraktion med data; 5) tillförlitlighet till de rekommenderade handlingarna för att ställa in parametrar. Dessa kategorier bör tas I hänsyn när man designar de visuella analyserna från en automatiserad deep learning -plattform.

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are among the world's most destructive mammalian invasive species, and mitigating farther range expansion will require a thorough understanding of movement behavior, diel activity patterns, space use, and resource selection. Currently, limited empirical evidence is available on the ecology of wild pigs in Southwest Florida. Therefore, I examined how wild pigs behaviorally modified their movements and diel activity patterns in response to individual and environmental covariates. I investigated space use dynamics (e.g., home range size and seasonal variation) and evaluated how individual and environmental variation influenced home range size. Next, I determined how fine-scale movement patterns and resource selection of wild pigs are affected by temperature and time of day, and how those resources changed at broad and fine-scales, given their availability. I found that as temperature increased, the probability of foraging increased while the probability of traveling decreased. Foraging behavior occurred predominately between 8:00 and 17:00, and traveling behavior occurred predominately between 18:00 and 7:00, thereby indicating wild pigs were cathemeral. Home range size ranged from 2.6 to 35.8 km2 and averaged 13.0 km2 (n=16). Finally, home range size increased as the proportion of pasture increased and decreased as the proportion of wetlands increased, indicating that resources in agricultural areas were more diffuse than in natural habitats. At the broad (i.e., home range selection) and fine-scale (i.e., within home range) wild pigs selected for wetlands, forests, and pastures. Wild pig movement tended to be tortuous in forested and cropland habitats, but more directed in pasture habitats. Slower movements (i.e., smaller steps) and more directed (i.e., fewer turning) steps were observed during warmer temperatures, particularly avoiding croplands when temperatures were warmer. Wild pigs avoided wetland habitats during dusk and night hours and cropland habitats during dawn hours. Wild pigs selected for forested habitats during night and dawn hours, possibly in response to human activity. In addition, I found that wild pigs were less likely to step into a location with a daily temperature of 35.7°C than 16.1 C°. Wild pigs were less likely to choose warmer locations and more likely to select intermediate temperatures, thus avoiding locations with extremely low or high daily temperatures. Also, I found that wild pigs were more likely to select home ranges nearer to wetlands, forests, and pastures, while avoiding areas near cropland habitats. However, within their home ranges they were more likely to select habitats farther from croplands, forests, and wetlands. My findings reinforce the importance of wetlands, forests and pastures to wild pig selection of home ranges, where they likely utilize these landcover types for thermoregulation (e.g. forests and wetlands) and for foraging resources (e.g. pastures). Within their home ranges wild pigs may avoid forests and wetlands due to perceived predation risk being higher in those habitats, thus causing wild pigs to forgo higher quality resources to reduce risk. These results contribute information useful to wildlife managers to better predict which landcover types provide refuge (e.g., wetlands and forests) or potential movement corridors (e.g., pasture and cropland habitats) for wild pigs. In Southwest Florida, wild pigs have broad inter-individual variation in home range size, are strongly regulated by temperature, and are largely dependent on wetlands and forests to meet their energetic demands. / Doctor of Philosophy / Wild pigs are one of the world's most destructive invasive species. Although, hunters often oppose efforts to reduce wild pig populations, agricultural and natural resource managers support reduction efforts because they cause major economic and ecological damage. In addition, wild pigs carry a plethora of diseases and pose direct health risks to livestock, wildlife, and humans. Therefore, a better understanding of how environmental and landscape factors influence wild pig movements and space use is of broad interest to multiple stakeholder groups. I found that wild pigs mostly foraged during daytime and traveled at night, indicative of irregular activity patterns. Home range size averaged 13.0 km2 across 16 individuals and tended to increase as the proportion of pasture habitat increased and decreased as herbaceous wetlands increased. This indicated that resources were more abundant in natural habitats. Wild pigs preferred wetlands, forests, and pastures, and avoided croplands. However, they were more likely to forage in forests and croplands, and travel in pastures. Wild pigs avoided wetlands during dusk and night hours and croplands at dawn, while selecting forests during night and dawn hours. Wild pigs tended to move slower with less turning during warmer temperatures, particularly avoiding croplands when temperatures were hot. In general, wild pigs avoided locations with extremely low or high daily temperatures. I found wild pigs were more likely to select home ranges nearer to wetlands, forests, and pastures, while avoiding areas near cropland habitats. Wild pigs likely utilized these landcover types for thermoregulation (e.g. forests and wetlands) and for foraging resources (e.g. pastures), while avoiding open areas (e.g. croplands) due to a lack of shade. However, within their home ranges they were more likely to select habitats farther from croplands, forests, and wetlands, possibly because they perceived these areas to have higher predation risk. I highlight differences in space use among individuals and identify habitat types that are most likely to meet energetic demands. By understanding how environmental factors (e.g., habitat type and temperature) influence home range movement behaviors of wild pigs, land managers can focus on scale-dependent population control efforts. My results will aid land managers in better predicting which landcover types are providing refuge (e.g., wetlands and forests) or serving as potential movement corridors (e.g., pasture and cropland habitats).