This study acknowledges how the democratic mission has changed over time and which role it has today. By using a comparative idea analysis, fourteen Swedish and Finish curriculums and syllabuses stretching from 1970 to 2015 has been analysed and compared. Therefore, our purpose is to analyse how the curriculums and syllabuses can be compared to the modern society versus the late modern society, by using ideal types based on theories that legitimates our study. With this method, we were able to compare how much the late modern society has influenced the Swedish and Finnish curriculums and syllabuses. In the result, we concluded that the Finnish curriculums are still influenced by the modern society in a broader way than the Swedish. The Swedish curriculums have been more influenced by the late modern society as a result of the increased focus on the individual, which is a consequent of the development from the modern to the late modern society. The latest Finnish curriculums are also influenced by the late modern society. However, when they write about individuals, the importance of being a part of the community is always the primary goal. The comparison between the countries syllabuses shows a different sight of the subject social studies. In Sweden, it plays a larger role in the mission of creating democratic citizens, as to Finland, where it plays almost the same role as all the other subjects. The final discussion in this study is whether the democratic mission is still functioning in the society we are living in today. The conclusion is that it has to be changed, otherwise it will not legitimize in the late modern society. Furthermore, it has to change from being a firm mission to a more fluid one. Additionally, it has to create an environment where the pupils can become liberate subjects.

Seit 2013 bin ich Teil des Teams zur Bereitstellung eines online Kurses für die Ägyptologie Studenten der Universität Leipzig im Weiterbildungsmoodle. Dieser Moodlekurs wurde von Prof. Dr. Kai-Christian Bruhn (FH Mainz), Dr. Franziska Naether und Dr. Dietrich Raue konzipiert und gestaltet und ist obligatorischer Teil des Moduls \"Einführung in die Ägyptologie\" an der Universität Leipzig. Daher richtet sich der Kurs vorrangig an Bachelor-Studenten, aber auch Studenten höherer Semester und sonstige Interessenten nehmen an dem zusätzlichen Angebot teil. Der Online-Kurs fand in diesem Jahr bereits zum vierten Mal statt und startet zum Wintersemester (WS 2015/16) in die fünfte Runde. Die Lehrveranstaltung findet komplett im Internet statt und die Teilnehmer entscheiden selbst wann und wo sie den Unterrichtsstoff im Laufe der zwei Semester erfüllen. Mittels dieser neuen Lernform werden die Teilnehmer zum Umgang mit digitalen Daten und deren automatisierten Verarbeitung angeleitet, die für die Studenten der Ägyptologie bereits während des Studiums Verwendung finden, z.B. bei der Auswertung des archäologischen Materials. Darüber hinaus setzen sie sich mit seriösen und unverzichtbaren Internet-Ressourcen auseinander. Hierbei liefert die Übung eine Einweisung im Umgang mit unterschiedlichen frei verfügbaren Programmen zur Textverarbeitung, Betrachtung und Bearbeitung von Grafiken und Geoinformationssystemen, die eine selbstständige Vertiefung ermöglichen. Die neuartige Lehrveranstaltung richtet sich somit auf die in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend angewachsene Nachfrage auf die langfristige Speicherung wissenschaftlicher Daten (z.B. aus Datenbanken u. Bildarchiven, kartographische Daten v. Satelliten) sowie deren interdisziplinärer Nutzung. Sie hat somit seit ihrer Anlegung weiterhin Pioniercharakter an der Uni Leipzig. So soll der fertig aufbereitete Kurs künftig im IANUS-Forschungsdatenzentrum einem breiteren Publikum zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Wie das in unserem Falle im Hochschulalltag konkret erfolgt soll mit Hilfe einer Power-Point Präsentation an einigen praktischen Beispielen veranschaulicht werden. Es gilt nun Schlüsse aus den bereits erfolgten Kurs-Durchläufen zu ziehen sowie Probleme und Anregungen zu besprechen. Gerne würde ich mich mit den anderen Teilnehmern der Tagung über Innovative Lehr- und Lernmethoden austauschen.

The following is a complete syllabus for a college level genetics course. The syllabus contains lecture outlines and notes for each chapter, along with a list of transparencies needed. The quizzes and exams are prepared and placed at the beginning of the syllabus. The beginning of the course will consist of a lecture to introduce the students to the basics of genetics, followed by many applications of genetics. The process of cell division will be mastered by the students, as well as Mendelian genetics, quantitative genetics, chromosome mapping, and inheritance. The replication, synthesis, and organization of DNA are also discussed within the lectures. The final topics that will be covered using this syllabus are genetics of cancer and immunology and population genetics. These topics are essential for a detailed genetics course. The syllabus is written in great detail, and will require a full semester to be completed. The book used in association with this syllabus is Essentials of Genetics by William S. Klug and Michael R. Cummings.

Forskning gällande begreppen religion och sekularisering, samt hur dessa begrepp uttrycks i läroplanen är ett viktigt område att belysa eftersom jag anser att den är i behov av en utveckling, specifikt för lärare och skolans utveckling till ett öppensinnat och jämställt samhälle. Därför är syftet med den här texten att utforska den historiska utvecklingen av sekularisering i Sverige och hur sekularisering har påverkat hur religion kommer till uttryck i läroplanen för religionskunskap på gymnasiet genom att svara på frågan: Hur har sekularisering påverkat läroplanen för religionskunskap genom historien? Studiens mål är att belysa hur sekulariseringens utveckling har bidragit till formuleringen kring hur religion och olika livsåskådningar förmedlas i läroplanen mellan 1970 och 2011. Den här studien använder sig av ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv för att studera hur historiska händelser har påverkat omfattningen och definitioner av sekularisering och religion. Studien är en diskursanalys, som utförs genom att använda en kvalitativ metod. Metoden har bestått av att samla tidigare forskning i form av text som både är fysisk och elektronisk. Resultatet visade på att många historiska händelser och teorier har bidragit till sekulariseringens utveckling i det svenska samhället, som sedan har påverkat formuleringen och närvaron av religionskunskap i läroplanen. Slutsatsen är därmed att skolan har varit tvungen att anpassa sig efter samhällsförändring. Dock, i takt med samhällets utveckling har religionen aldrig försvunnit. Alternativt har religiös mångfald berikat religionsämnet med att andra religioner har fått en större plats i undervisningen samt gett möjligheten till att låta eleverna skapa egna förutsättningar. Där är mycket som har påverkat religionsämnet och hur det förmedlas i undervisningen ute bland gymnasieskolorna i Sverige. Läroplanen som är konstruerad utifrån samhällssituationen bestämmer vad som ska inkluderas.

Some teachers see the curriculum as a guide that has to be followed, while others see it as a document of recommendations that support the teacher in his or her profession if needed. Changes to a curriculum will be interpreted in different ways depending on the individual. This study aims to investigate the revisions made to the English syllabus in Lgr11 coming in 2022, as well as to study how four English teachers working in compulsory school interpret these changes. This information is achieved through a qualitative study based on document analysis and interviews. Research has shown that Swedish teachers have experienced periods in which they have had the opportunity to teach the way they like, but also times when they have felt restrained by the steering documents. The results of this study show that the changes in the syllabus mostly concretise the document, making it easier to understand. The general meaning of the document remains the same, but the focus will shift from the aspect of abilities to the aspect of knowledge. The teachers interpret the changes to the syllabus as positive, because they believe that they will have more free space in their teaching as well as a more concrete and easily understood syllabus to work with. The conclusion of this study is that the changes that will be made to the English syllabus are not going to change the general meaning of the document, but will make the document clearer and more easily understood. Another conclusion is that the teachers do not believe that their work situation will change to any large extent, but they do think that the changes will make assessment a fairer process. / Vissa lärare ser läroplanen som en guide som skall följas, andra ser det som ett dokument som innehåller rekommendationer som stöttar läraren i dennes yrke om så behövs. Läroplansändringar kommer att uppfattas olika beroende på vem det är som tolkar ändringarna. Denna studie ämnar undersöka ändringarna som görs på den engelska läroplanen i grundskolan och som träder i kraft 2022. Studien skall även undersöka hur fyra engelsklärare i grundskolan uppfattar dessa ändringar. Detta görs genom en kvalitativ studie som inkluderar dokumentanalys och intervjuer. Forskning har visat att svenska lärare genom tiden har uppfattat sin yrkesroll som öppen och fri, där de kunnat lära ut det som önskats, men även stunder där de känt sig begränsade och låsta av styrdokumenten. Studiens resultat visar att ändringarna i läroplanen leder till att den blir mer konkret och enklare att förstå. Dokumentets generella mening ändras dock inte, men fokus kommer att ändras från förmågor till kunskaper i dokumentet. Lärarna uppfattar ändringarna som positiva då de tror att dokumentet kommer att bli enklare att förstå och att de dessutom kommer att få mer friutrymme och på så sätt kunna lita mer på sin erfarenhet och profession. Uppsatsens slutsats blir att den engelska läroplanen inte kommer att ändras i någon större utsträckning, mer än att den blir förenklad. En annan slutsats blir att lärarna inte tror att deras arbetssituation kommer att förändras märkvärt, men de tror däremot att ändringarna kommer att bidra till att bedömning kommer att kunna göras på ett mer rättvist sätt.

This thesis investigates how teachers in political science course A, all from municipal upper secondary schools work with planning their lessons. Due to nationwide regulations and goals set by the The Swedish National Agency for Education, the teachers have to plan their lessons basing on these regulations. However it is not defined how to concretely implement these regulations when planning for the lessons, which may lead to the fact that the teachers’ own interpretations of the regulations cannot be fully avoided in the process of planning for the lessons. The investigation consists of five interviews made with teachers in political science, all from municipal upper secondary schools. The teachers who have taken part in this report come from two different municipal upper secondary schools. The result in this report partly shows that although the basic reference topics set by The Swedish National Agency for Education is the same for each teacher in political science, the planning of the lessons structure can be very different. For example, when the five teachers plan how to make the pupils understand the concept of "democracy", they all planned their lessons having the regulations and goals in mind, but they all have a unique approach in how to prepare for their lessons and explain the concept of "democracy" for their pupils.

Many consider Sweden as one of the most secularised countries in the world. While the country is rapidly growing more religiously and culturally diverse there still remains a Lutheran touch in the school curriculum. Skolverket depicts itself as being nondenominational and objective, but many have argued against this statement. The educational system’s roots of both being organised and run using Christian religious materials clearly presents the complex situation that can be recognized even today.  Researchers and students alike agree that there is an issue regarding the representation of all cultural and religious groups in the Swedish educational system. The students in the work of Carina Holmqvist Lidh testify of the lack of representation or frequent misrepresentation in their formal education. Many feel the religion they meet in schools cannot be recognized as their own. This is a problem both in the condensed teaching materials which are used and the very limited lesson time a teacher has at hand. An active didactical choice, deeming what’s important knowledge or not, falls in the lap of educators and the consequences that I want to present in this essay is that many religious orientations risk going unnoticed.  That’s why in this essay my goal is to create a discussion about the ways the Lutheran Christian faith has historically, and continues to affect religion education, all while deeming itself as non-confessional and neutral. Furthermore, owing to fellow students’ essays and professors' analysis of textbooks depiction of non-Lutheran religious groups I hope to present the problem with this Lutheran-touch, which leaves many students from other religious orientations feeling their faith is misrepresented or left out in traditional teaching.

Recent numbers on English Proficiency Index (2018) indicate that Sweden is in the lead ofEnglish proficiency, whereas Turkey is lagging far behind. Vocabulary plays a vital role inlanguage learning, and research confirms that learners become more confident and proficientusers of English when they receive enough support to expand their word knowledge. Thiscomparative study is twofold: one aspect focuses on how the steering documents in Swedenand Turkey support integration of vocabulary teaching through a content analysis, and theother is on what teachers, in qualitative interviews, report they do to help their learnersincrease their vocabulary knowledge. Although Sweden is in the lead of proficiency, thesupport for vocabulary teaching in the syllabus is relatively absent, whereas the Turkishsyllabus puts an emphasis on teaching and learning words. Furthermore, Swedish and Turkishteachers incorporate vocabulary in their classrooms differently as a result of how theyinterpret what the respective syllabus require. However, neither of these syllabuses areexemplary in describing vocabulary teaching and learning, and one could argue for combiningthe approaches in the two syllabuses, which could perhaps lead to a decrease in the gapbetween “word poor” learners and “word rich” learners.

This essay aims to explore how Swedish teachers of English view the shift from a Native Speaker ideal to English as a Global Language in connection to pronunciation teaching. The essay also aims to explore how the teachers teach this in practice. By interviewing five professional teachers, the results of the study showed that most of the teachers did not teach pronunciation explicitly and believed that pronunciation teaching should be integrated into other parts of language learning. None of the teachers claimed to expect their students to be able to speak with a native accent but believed that the previous views on pronunciation teaching, to some extent, still lingers on. Furthermore, all teachers did use American English or British English when teaching pronunciation but did not expect their students to use these dialects when speaking English. The teachers believed that their students mainly spoke with a dialect influenced by American English since this dialect is what the students mostly hear outside the classroom.This essay is primarily relevant to Swedish EFL teachers and students who are becoming teachers of English, but this study may also contribute to global research within pronunciation teaching. Because of the lack of guidelines regarding pronunciation teaching in the syllabus, the insight in the views and teaching methods of pronunciation teaching can function as a guideline and inspiration for how to teach pronunciation in a continuously globalized world where the views on the English language continually changes.

Swedish curricula and syllabi constitute a richness of different considerations. Withinthis composition of principles, it is distinctly declared that all Swedish schools should counteract any inclination of discrimination and that intolerance must be answered with different measures, including knowledge (Skolverket, 2011b, 1). Scrutinizing ways in which knowledge can be used as an instrument towards these issues is therefore incentivized. On this token, the following essay investigates the potentiality of usingthe novel The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros in English 7 instruction in upper secondary school, as teaching material for imparting knowledge about different forms of discrimination. To achieve this purpose, the essay first examines the experiences of narrator and protagonist Esperanza Cordero through close reading, to explore how tacit and explicit racial and class-based discrimination shape her identity and inhibit her sense of belonging. Belonging is conceptualized through Benedict Anderson’s notion of imagined communities wherein an individual is viewed as bargaining for belonging towards delimited and delimiting communities. Identity is viewed through a sociological lens as a transformative, negotiable, and revocable phenomenon and as interlinked with asymmetrical power relations. In addition, the essay analyses the findings from the close reading in relation to the syllabus for the course English 7, and the curriculum for upper secondary school. On this basis, the essay maintains that The House on Mango Street is suitable teaching material for the course English 7 at upper secondary school. The results indicate an alignment between the principles stated in the steering documents and the findings of the analyses, illustrating the applicability of The House on Mango Street as teaching material within a Swedish school setting. Furthermore, the results reveal how the novel presents teachers with ample opportunities to mediate how forms of discrimination are intertwined with questions of identity and belonging.