The aim of the dissertation is to add to our knowledge and understanding of how groupwork and group tasks are construed among students. This is accomplished be creating a model, which describes the pattern of interaction and the experience that emerge as students try to handle the group-work situation. An additional aim is to use the outcomes of the study as a basis for discussions about how to carry out group-work in the classroom. The methodological point of departure is grounded theory and the theoretical perspective is symbolic interaktionism. A theoretical model - Students’ creation of trust in group-work - has been constructed from observations and interviews in grade 7 and 8 from a local school. The model describes what happens when students with different social and academic ambitions meet in a group assignment and become interdependent. The students have to consider their own and others’ ambitions, the composition of the group, as well as the task, and they have different possibilities to influence these factors. Easiest to influence are the construction of the task and the group composition, which they also try to do so as to diminish the differences in ambitions and the interdependency. They do not always succeed and they handle the remaining differences in ambitions and dependency through creation of trust, by constructing different behaviours during the group-work. The insights derived from the theoretical model - Students’ creation of trust in groupwork - could have practical implications when group-work is applied. This means that teacher could assist the students in their efforts to create trust among group members. This study has pointed out construction of the task, clear goals, and group composition as import pre- requisites for the use of group-work as a means of instruction. The dissertation ends with a discussion about teachers’ possibilities to contribute to collaboration in group-work through the construction of tasks, composition of the groups and to the construction of goals which creates situations of trust in group-work. / Syftet med avhandlingen är att öka kunskapen om och förståelsen för hur grupparbete och grupparbetsuppgift konstrueras mellan eleverna. Detta sker genom att skapa en modell, som beskriver det interaktionsmönster och de upplevelser som uppstår när elever försöker hantera sin situation vid grupparbete. Ytterligare ett syfte är att studiens innehåll ska kunna ge underlag för diskussion om hur grupparbete kan användas i skolan. I studien används grounded theory som metodologisk ansats och det teoretiska perspektivet är symbolisk interaktionism. En teoretisk modell – Elevers tillitsskapande i grupp (ETG-modellen) – har konstruerats med hjälp av en observations och intervjustudie i år 7 och 8 på en kommunal grundskola. Modellen beskriver vad som händer när elever med olika social och ämneskunskapsmässig ambition möts i en gruppuppgift och blir ömsesidigt beroende av varandra. När ett grupparbete ska genomföras har eleverna sin egen och de andras ambition, gruppsammansättning och uppgiften att beakta, vilket de har skiftande möjligheter att påverka. De försöker påverka gruppsammansättning och uppgiften för att minska ambitionsdifferensen samt beroendet till andra. Hur de hanterar den kvarstående ambitionsdifferensen via ett tillitsskapande genom att konstruera olika tillvägagångssätt i grupparbetet visas i studien, vilket bidrar till en ökad förståelse av elevernas upplevelse och hanterande av grupparbetsuppgifter. Kunskapen från ETG-modellen kan ha praktisk betydelse när grupparbete som arbetsform används. För att i undervisningen med grupparbete bistå eleverna med deras strävan till att skapa tillit har avhandlingen visat att uppgiften, gruppsammansättningen, och deras olika ambition blir viktiga förutsättningar för detta. Avslutningsvis diskuteras därför lärarens möjligheter att bidra till en samarbetssituation genom att utforma gruppuppgifter, konstruera grupper och sätta mål som skapar samarbetssituationer som eleverna kan uppleva som tillitsfulla.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the lived experiences and treatment of Muslim women in their encounters with the social services. The primal themes for this study was: How does Muslim women experience the treatment of their case in the social services in a situation of need? How can the encounter and experience with the social services affect the clients trust in the social services?  What is the ideal treatment of women with a Muslim identity by the social services? The aim of this study was to investigate and capture the respondents lived perceptions and experiences with the social services, and thus the qualitative interview methodology was implemented to answer the research questions and hypotheses. Seven interviews with Muslim women were conducted in various districts of Stockholm, a city in northern Sweden. Five of the respondents were of ethnic Swedish origin and two were of other ethic origin. The results show that the majority of the respondents experienced a negative response at least once when in contact with the social services. Respondents emphasize that the unsafe and insecure meeting with the social worker was due to a non-verbal body language which they experience as an indication of preconceived notions about Muslim women, which is particularly experienced and described by the respondents with the Islamic headscarf. The trust in the social services decline in connection with the negative reflection of the respondents. However, the lived experiences with the social worker and the social services have not all been of a negative nature. The suggested ideal is also taken from the respondents own lived experiences with the social services.  A pervasive and consistent ideal is that the respondents want to be listened to, understood and respected for who they are as well as empowered rather than suppressed.  Key words: treatment, attitudes, Muslim women, social services, symbolic interactionism, trust, reliance (confidence) ideal, Rothstein, Mead, structural discrimination.   Nyckelord: bemötande, muslimska kvinnor, socialtjänsten, symbolisk interaktionism, tillit, förtroende, ideal, Rothstein, Mead, strukturell diskriminering.

Företagens rekryteringsbehov har ökat kraftigt under de senaste två åren, det visar sig att tre av tio rekryteringsförsök misslyckas på grund av att det är svårt att finna kandidater med rätt utbildning, tidigare yrkeslivserfarenhet och motivation. Platsannonser har en betydande roll för att attrahera kandidater och är en viktig del i rekrytering, chansen att rekrytera den ideala kandidaten börjar redan vid platsannonsen. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilken roll platsannonser har i ett företags svårighetermed att rekrytera ekonomistudenter tillhörande millennials. Studien har sin teoretiska grund i Maslows behovshierarki och Herzbergs tvåfaktorsteori för att förklara och analyseraekonomistudenters motivation och behov i relation till en arbetsplats. “Anticipatorypsychological contract“ används för att se i vilken grad platsannonserna uppfyller studenternas krav samt förväntningar på en tjänst och Instrumentell-symbolisk teori används för att se hur platsannonser påverkar studenternas beslut att söka en tjänst. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes där tolv civilekonomstudenter intervjuades och sex platsannonser samlades in från företag. Intervjuerna var semistrukturerade och det genomfördes ett bekvämlighetsurval där respondenterna avgränsats till civilekonomstudenter som går sista året på Högskolan i Borås. Platsannonserna var avgränsade till företag där de hade svårt att rekrytera till de tjänster som platsannonserna gäller. Resultaten visar att när studenter söker en ny arbetsplats fokuserar de främst på att känna sig trygga och skyddade inför framtiden, de vill ha mycket information om jobbet och vad de kan förvänta sig av arbetsplatsen. När det kommer till arbetsplatsen var balans mellan arbete och privatliv samt god företagskultur faktorer som lockar millennials. Vidare har det visat sig att platsannonser spelar en viktig roll för studenterna när de ska ta ställning till om de vill söka tjänsten eller inte. De analyserade platsannonserna motsvarade inte elevernas förväntningar och krav när det gällde lön, förmåner, flexibilitet, balans mellanarbete och privatliv och i viss mån även företagskultur. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of job advertisements in a company’s difficulties recruiting millennial economics students. The study has it´s theoretical basis in Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory, which are used to explain and analyze economics students’ motivation and needs in relation to a workplace. Anticipatory psychological contract which is used to investigate to what extent job advertisements meet the students' requirements and expectations of an employer and Instrumental-symbolic framework is used to see how job advertisements affect the students' decision to apply for a job. A qualitative study was conducted where twelve graduate economics students were interviewed and six job advertisements were collected from companies. The interviews were semi structured and the participants were limited to Swedish economic students who are studying at Högskolan i Borås and graduating this year. The job advertisements were limited to companies where they had difficulties recruiting for the positions the job advertisements referred to. The results show that when students look for a new workplace their main focus is on feeling safe and protected for the future, and they want a lot of information about the job and what they can expect from the workplace. When it comes to the workplace, work-life balance as well as good corporate culture were factors that attracted the millennial economics students. Furthermore, it has been shown that the content of job advertisements play an important role in the students decision regarding whether they want to apply for the position or not. The analyzed job advertisements did not meet the students' expectations and requirements when it came to salary, benefits, flexibility, work-life balance and to some extent also corporate culture. The study is written in Swedish.

To stay competitive, the increasingly challenging reality that digitization and globalization have led to a constant evolution of market conditions, Google and other organizations use a model called OKR, objectives and key results. Implementing a model such as OKR in an organization places high demands on the interaction of the management team, which is one reason why not everyone is successful with the implementation. To improve interaction, several management teams have applied Patrick Lenicinois' management team method the five dysfunctions in a team. The purpose of this study is to investigate how a management team's interaction is affected by applying a management team method. To answer the question, two focus group interviews have been conducted, consisting of members from two different management groups that have implemented the management group method, the five dysfunctions in a team, and the goal management model, OKR, in recent years. The empirical work has been analyzed based on Goffman's symbolic interactionism and Weber's bureaucratic structures. Application of a management group method can, according to the study, lead to changes in the interaction, in the form of increased trust within the group, that communication takes place more in the form of dialogue and a higher collective commitment to the management group's common goals and results. For a change to take place, the management team needs to invest time and energy both initially and continuously. This insight is significant for research into the impact of the management team method on norms and behaviors in social contexts and how the corporate world can meet the need for interconnected management teams for e.g. change management.