Denna kvantitativa forskningsrapport inriktar sig på hur elever uppfattar sin egen matematiska förmåga, vilken grad av tilltro eleverna har till sin förmåga och hur de presterar i matematikämnet med särskilt fokus på metod- och problemlösningsuppgifter. Den litteratur som ligger till grund för studien baseras på vad det innebär att tro på sin egen förmåga, förmågan att kunna värdera sig själv och sin förmåga samt matematikuppgifters betydelse för skapandet av självuppfattning och tilltro till den egna förmågan. Den forskningsmetod som används för att kunna besvara studiens frågeställningar är av kvantitativ karaktär och består av ett självskattningsformulär där syftet är att synliggöra elevernas grad av tilltro till den egna matematiska förmågan samt ett tillhörande matematiktest där eleverna löser metod- och problemlösningsuppgifter. Lösningsfrekvensen av de olika uppgiftstyperna analyseras i relation till elevernas grad av tilltro. Studien genomsyras av ett socialpsykologiskt perspektiv och resultatet teoretiseras genom att utgå från den socialpsykologiska teorin om själveffektivitet samt symbolisk interaktionism. För att analysera sambanden har materialet även analyserats ur ett statistiskt perspektiv genom analysverktyget SPSS. Resultatet av studien visar att det verkar finnas ett samband mellan elevernas grad av tilltro till sin matematiska förmåga och hur de presterar i både metod- och problemlösningsuppgifter. / This quantitative study focuses on how students perceive their own mathematical ability, what degree of confidence students have in their ability and how they perform in mathematical tasks that focuses on method and problem solving ability. The literature underlying the study is based on the importance of believing in your own ability, the ability to assess yourself and your ability, and the importance of mathematics to maintain and create opportunity to develop self-perception and confidence in your own ability. The research method used to answer the questions of the study is of a quantitative nature and consists of a self-assessment form that aims to visualize the students' degree of confidence in their own mathematical ability and a mathematics test where students solve method and problem solving tasks. The dissolution rate of the different types of tasks is analyzed in relation to the students' degree of confidence. The study is pervaded by a social psychological perspective and the result is theorized by starting from the social psychological theory of self-efficacy as well as symbolic interactionism. To analyze the relationships, the material has also been analyzed from a statistical perspective, using the SPSS analyzing tool. The result of the study shows that there seems to be a connection between the students' degree of confidence in their mathematical ability and how they perform in both method and problem solving tasks.

The aim of this essay is to study how internationally adopted people of colours’ national identifications are created in interaction with other people outside of their closest social networks of people, and how this can affect their feelings of social belonging and exclusion. This is accomplished by examining qualitative ethnographic interviews through social constructivist theories and concepts such as Erving Goffman’s symbolic interactionism and theories behind national identifications. The essay explores how the internationally adopted participants are met by other people and how these social situations are constructed. The question “where are you from?” is central in this study. The essay studies how the participants identify themselves and how they express these self-identifications. Results show that the informants relate to a Swedish national identity one way or another and that they express this to others with the help of different symbols, behaviours and actions. The study material shows that the internationally adopted participants get stigmatised in Sweden both for being adopted and for being non-white, and thus risk getting feelings of exclusion from a Swedish national identity. Although there are some social interactions which make them feel connected to and included in certain communities of people which often include other adopted individuals or people of colour.

The purpose of this study was to deepen the understanding of how the social workers' self-images are affected by how they perceive public attitudes and news media's portrayal of their profession as well as understanding how they are coping with it. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), which focuses on how individuals experience a certain phenomenon, has been used as a method. One of IPA's theoretical underpinnings is symbolic interactionism and therefore experiences which have effect on a person's self-image is significant. The results show that social workers perceive public attitudes as mainly negative and that the media often portrays social workers in a negative way, which aligns with previous studies. Furthermore, there seems to be a dissonance between the social workers' view of their professional role and how they feel that others perceive them, which led to the use of cognitive dissonance as a theory to support the results in the analysis. The social workers use different strategies to lessen the discomfort that emerges from the dissonance. For instance they tend to avoid telling others what they work with. A successful reduction of the dissonance can help the social workers to maintain a positive self-image.

De mänskliga resurserna kan ses som den viktigaste beståndsdelen inom organisationer, på grund av att medarbetarnas arbetskraft är den ursprungliga orsaken till effektivitet, kapital och upprätthållning av maskiner. Medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation är på så vis väsentlig att studera eftersom arbetsmotivation är ett av de viktigaste verktygen för att medarbetare ska kunna uppnå ett gynnsamt arbetsresultat. Omotiverade medarbetare skulle troligtvis bidra med en ytterst liten eller ingen ansträngning alls i sitt arbete. Det kan i många fall vara en utmaning för arbetsgivare att upprätthålla en hög arbetsmotivation, eftersom medarbetare efterfrågar olika behov för att upprätthålla en hög arbetsmotivation.Studien tar utgångspunkt i yttre symboliska och yttre materiella motivationsfaktorer eftersom yttre arbetsmotivation är av betydelse för medarbetares prestanda på arbetet som utförs. För att kunna besvara studiens problemformulering har studien tillämpat en kvalitativ metod där intervjuer genomfördes på medarbetare från fallstudiens två olika avdelningar. Den organisation som studeras är en industriorganisation, vilket är intressant att studera eftersom det är en bransch som växer sig större i Sverige och framförallt inom Västra Götalands län. Därmed vill studien beskriva vikten av att upprätthålla medarbetares arbetsmotivation och hur den kan skiljas åt mellan olika avdelningar. Resultatet i studien presenterar vikten i att känna till medarbetares olika behov eftersom de visats sig uppstå skillnader både inom efterfrågan på olika motivationsfaktorer och även medarbetarnas syn på definitionen av arbetsmotivation. Dock är det viktigt att ha i beaktning att studiens resultat endast är en indikation på hur medarbetare kan få ökad arbetsmotivation utifrån yttre symboliska och yttre materiella motivationsfaktorer, samt hur medarbetarnas arbetsmotivation kan skiljas åt inom olika avdelningar tillhörande samma organisation. / Human resources are probably one of the most important component within organizations, due to the workforce of employees is the original cause of efficiency, capital and maintenance of machines. Employees' work motivation is the essential to study since work motivation is one of the most important tools for employees to achieve a favorable work result. Unmotivated employees would probably contribute little or give no effort at all in their work. In many cases it can be a challenge for employers to maintain a high level of work motivation, because the employees seems to have different needs to keep their motivation at the highest level.The study has been based on external symbolic and external material motivational factors, since external work motivation is important for employees' performance in the work accomplished. In order to give answer to the study's problem formulation a qualitative researching method has been used, in which interviews were made on employees from the case study's two different departments.The study was made on an organization within the industry. This industry is growing larger in Sweden and especially in Västra Götaland County, where the study took place. The study wants to describe the importance of maintaining employees' work motivation and how it can be different between departments. The results of the study showed the importance of knowing the different needs from employees since it has been found out there have been differences in both the demand for different motivational factors and also the employees' views on the definition of work motivation. However, it is important to keep in mind that the study's results are only an indication of how employees can gain increased work motivation based on external symbolic and external material motivation factors, and how employees' work motivation can be differentiated within different departments belonging to the same organization.

Följande studie utforskar hur kulturella stereotyper framställs genom interaktionen under två separata intervjuer i talkshowen Malou Efter Tio. Programledaren Malou von Sivers har fått kritik för hur hon intervjuar två rapartister med skilda kulturella bakgrunder. Greekazo som associeras med minoritetsbefolkningen och Einár som associeras med majoritetsbefolkningen. Studien undersöker och jämför interaktionerna i de två intervjuerna utifrån teorierna samtalsanalys, intersektionalitet och olika koncept för representation i media. Analysen genomförs med samtalsanalys som metod och utgår från två separata transkriberingar av materialet. Resultatet visar att Malou von Sivers samspel med de två gästerna skiljer sig, där båda intervjuerna formar stereotypa uppfattningar kring rappgenren. Genom slutdiskussionen förs en diskussion om att det sker en problematisk representation av båda rapartisterna. Framför allt eftersom det upprättas en skillnad mellan rapartisterna genom intervjuerna då de tillskrivs olika egenskaper som baseras på deras etniska tillhörighet. Detta visar på starka maktrelationer som existerar i talkshowen och också på hur ojämlikhet som finns i samhället uppkommer i programmet. Utifrån vårt resultat kan vår studie synliggöra och uppmärksamma hur samtalsstrukturen i den här talkshowen flätas samman med maktstrukturen i vårt samhälle. / The following study examines how cultural stereotypes are reproduced through the interaction during two separate interviews from the talk show Malou Efter Tio. The host Malou von Sivers has been criticized for how she is interviewing two rap artists with different cultural backgrounds. Greekazo, associated with the minority population and Einár, associated with the majority population. The study examines and compare the two interviews based on the theories conversation analysis, intersectionality and several concept of representation in media. Conversation analysis is also used as a method and the analyzation is based on two separate transcriptions of the material. The results showed that Malou von Sivers interplay between two guests were different, however both interviews reproduce stereotypical perceptions about the rap genre. Furthermore, the results are discussed which shows that both representations of the rap artist are problematic. Especially since a difference is established between the rap artists through the interviews as they are attributed different characteristics based on their ethnicity. This shows the strong power relations that exist in the talk show and also how inequality that exist in our society arises in the program. Based on our results, our study exposes and pays attention to how the conversational structure of this talk show is intertwined with the power structure in our society.

As a consequence of the Covid-19 global pandemic, many occupational groups have been forced to readjust to teleworking. This has resulted in meetings held through different digital platforms, such as smartphones and video-meetings, instead of seeing each other physically face-to-face. This study aims to investigate social workers' experience of performing social work from home based on the aspects of relationship and communication. Central questions that are covered is how collegial- and client relationships are affected when digital means of communication becomes the leading way to communicate. Previous research that is referred to in this study illustrates aspects such as how relationships are affected when communication is done through digital means, what social workers' work situation looks like and the importance of relationships at work for social workers. The theories that are used in this study is symbolic interactionism, communication theory and control-demand-support. The study is based on the qualitative research method semi-structured interviews, containing six participants. The results of this study shows that performing work from home has both positive and negative aspects. Teleworking social workers have a need for social interaction and support from colleagues. Also, physical encounters are perceived as important when it comes to the assessment of clients, but the more established the relationship is, the less of a need for physical encounters. Having client contact from home can generate a negative feeling that clients comes to close, while for others an emotional distance is created through the calming effect of the home environment. / På grund av omständigheterna med covid-19 har organiseringen av arbetet kommit till att ställas om till distansarbete för flera yrkesgrupper ute i samhället. Detta har bland annat inneburit möten via digitala medier, som till exempel mobiltelefon och videomöten istället för att mötas fysiskt. Denna studie undersöker socialsekreterares upplevelse av att utföra socialt arbete på distans utifrån aspekter relation och kommunikation. Centrala frågor som behandlas i är hur kollegiala relationer och klientrelationer påverkas när digitala kommunikationsmedel blir det ledande sättet att kommunicera på. Den tidigare forskning som hänvisas till i denna studie belyser aspekter av bland annat relationsskapande när kommunikationen sker digitalt, hur socialarbetares arbetssituation ser ut och vad vikten av relationer på arbetet innebär för socialarbetare. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna i denna studie är symbolisk interaktionism, kommunikationsteori och krav-kontroll-socialt stöd. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där sex stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Socialsekreterare som arbetar på distans har ett behov av fysisk social samvaro och stöd från kollegor, att fysiska träffar upplevs som viktiga vid bedömningar av klienter, men ju mer etablerad relation desto mindre behov av fysiska träffar har man. Det visade sig även att utförandet av klientrelaterat socialt arbete hemifrån kunde ge en negativ känsla av att klienter kommer för nära, medan för andra skapades en emotionell distans genom hemmiljöns lugnande inverkan.

Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till ny kunskapsutveckling relaterad till berättelser om hur skolpersonal kan bemöta elever med substansbruk och hur dessa bemötande kan påverka deras möjligheter till utbildning samt självutveckling.  Studiens resultat baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med tidigare högstadieelever som hade ett substansbruk när de gick på högstadiet och skolpersonal som har mött elever som har haft ett substansbruk. Ur resultatet kunde tre olika bemötanden urskiljas: skolpersonal som tog avstånd från elever som brukade narkotika; skolpersonal som öppet fördömde och tillrättavisade eleverna; skolpersonal som upplevdes öppna och villiga att hjälpa elever som brukade narkotika. Resultatet analyserades utifrån Meads (2015) ”the social self”. I analysen framställs det att de två första beteendena kan göra att eleverna får en mer negativ attityd till skolan, när elever upplever att de antingen blir ignorerade eller negativt bemötta kan det stärka deras negativa attityd till skolan och det kan hindra deras förutsättningar att ta till sig utbildning. Det tredje och sista bemötandet kan göra att eleverna får en mer positiv attityd till skolan som ökar deras möjligheter att ta till sig utbildning. Analysen av intervjuerna visar att skolpersonal som var personliga med eleverna och öppna för att lyssna in deras tankar kan ha större möjligheter att nå fram till eleverna. Resultatet av deltagarnas intervjuer visade detta och dessutom att det som eleverna lärde sig av skolpersonalen följde med dem många år senare och var en del i att de slutade bruka narkotika. / <p>Magisteruppsats pedagogik med inriktning mot Socialpedagogik</p>

The purpose of this thesis is to increase the understanding of political party organizations' digital communication by investigating what and how Swedish political youth associations communicate on TikTok. The purpose is realized through a case study of two youth associations, Moderata Ungdomsförbundet (MUF) and Sveriges Socialdemokratiska ungdomsförbund (SSU). The material is collected from a three-month period (November 1, 2023 - January 31, 2024) and the method of the thesis is a combination of quantitative multimodal content analysis and thematic analysis. The theoretical framework provides an understanding of the youth associations' conditions and expectations as an organization, as well as the media logics and norms that they need to adhere to in their communication. In the result it became clear that what the youth associations communicate differs. The most frequently communicated content from SSU consisted of entertainment content, closely followed by political content. MUF mostly focused on political content, but entertainment was also seen. Like previous research, only a small part of the material consisted of personal content. In terms of how the youth associations communicate, there was a similarity in that both associations used a comic style frequently, something that is typical for the platform and thus becomes a way for the youth associations to adopt the current style on TikTok. Similar to previous research, however, there was a lack of interactive tendencies on the part of MUF, which the platform invites. SSU appeared to use the interactive style in about half of the material. Similar to previous studies, we found that both SSU and MUF were diligent users of affordances such as music, audio, text, hashtag and location features. Tendencies we could see in how the youth associations communicated were also that they use platform trends and vernaculars frequently, which differs from previous research. We could thus state that both youth associations showed an adaptation to the platform dynamics.

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Employable humanists. A qualitative study on humanist students' views on employability. The crisis of the humanities is a controversial debate in the media and within academic settings. Because of lack of request for humanists in the labor market, the question of humanistic skills and employability is becoming increasingly important. The concept of employability importance not only echoes within the economic discussions, but also on everyday agenda in the academic world and takes a large part in the communication between the university and the students. It is therefore important to get answers to the question whether there is conformity in the interpretation of this concept between the university and the students. The aim of this desk study is to examine how the concept of employability has its significance in the academic communication and how the responsibility for employability is portrayed. This is done by studying how the concept of employability is formed and how the responsibilities outlined in texts from Career Center at the University of Umeå, and by comparing study results with the students' perceptions of the concept of employability and responsibility. The study has a qualitative disposition and consists of two main methods: qualitative interviews with focus groups to explore students' views, and critical linguistic analysis of texts with a focus on metaphor analysis and syntax analysis which are also supplemented by the multimodal text analysis. Results of this study indicate that the concept of employability takes a central part of the university’s communication. There are many common starting points in the interpretation of the concept and the responsibility between the university and students. Both the Career Center at Umeå University and students believe that actual knowledge, skills, experience as well as network forms the meaning of the concept of employability, and has a big importance in the student’s position on the job market. However, because the students look at the use of the concept of employability in the texts as acceptance to the social ideological perception of the individual as objects, there is some criticism of the use of the term employability in the university’s communications.