Bakgrund: Karin Holmblad Brunsson, forskare på Uppsala Universitet, har genom sin forskning tolkat Frederick W. Taylor och Henri Fayols forskning inom management med den slutsatsen att det finns ett gap mellan teori och praktik. Med utgångspunkt i denna forskning vill vi utreda detta gap genom att undersöka vilken kompetens som efterfrågas vid chefsrekrytering i Sverige. Syfte: Syftet med denna undersökning är att, med hjälp av headhunters, utreda huruvida det är Taylor eller Fayol’s principer som dominerar i företagsledningen. Metod: Med en deduktiv ansats och strukturerade intervjufrågor har datainsamling skett genom intervjuer med headhunters. Dessa data ligger till grund i den tolkning och analys som avser att besvara syftet.TEORI: Kompetens, Headhunting/Executive Search, Taylorism, Fayolism. Slutsatser: Denna studie är avsedd att utreda om management är ett generellt yrke som går att tillämpa oavsett organisation och bransch eller om det är ett yrke som kräver anpassning efter specifika organisationer och branscher. Svaret på denna fråga går ej att generalisera i stort baserat på denna studie, då det är väldigt beroende på chefsnivå, storlek på företag och bransch. Oberoende av företagets storlek dominerar Taylors principer på lägre chefspositioner medan Fayols principer dominerar på högre nivåer. Övergången varierar även mellan Taylor och Fayol beroende på företagets storlek, där övergången sker på högre nivå i små företag och på lägre nivå i stora företag. / Background: Karin Holmblad Brunsson, a scientist at Uppsala University, has through her research investigated differences between Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henri Fayols research regarding management. Her conclusion is that there is a gap between theory and practice in their views of management. With basis in this research we want to investigate this gap by looking into which competence that is asked for when headhunting managers. Purpose: Our purpose with this study is with help by interviewing headhunters to investigate whether there is the theories of Taylor or Fayol that dominates the management team. Methodology: Interviews with headhunters have been done to collect data with a deductive approach and structured surveys. This data is the foundation of our analysis whose purpose is to answer our question. Theory: Competence, Headhunting/Executive Search, Taylorism, Fayolism. Conclusion: The primary goal with this study is to investigate whether management is applicable in a general manner in every organization or if management requires special and for the organization specific knowledge. There is a quite complex answer to this question when it is depending on which type of organization, organization size, line of business and level of management. Taylors principles of scientific management is dominating the managerial work in lower levels of the hierarchy while Fayols general principles of management is dominating in higher levels of management. The changeover between Taylor and Fayol varies depending on the company size where the transition occurs in an earlier stage in big organizations while this happens later in smaller organizations.

Aldrig förr har vi konsumerat så mycket som nu och konsumenterna ställer hela tiden krav på högre kvalitet till lägre pris, samtidigt som kostnader för arbetskraft, energi och material ständigt ökar. För att bemöta kundernas behov används olika produktionssystem. Lean production är ett sådant produktionssystem och inkluderar en mängd uppsättning praktiska verktyg, men också en filosofi byggd på engagemang, kunskap, team-känsla och ledarskap. Lean är något många företag eftersträvar att införa, men studier visar att mindre än 20% lyckas att införa hela Leans koncept. Det är främst de mjuka delarna av Lean (filosofin) som företagen har svårast att implementera, vilket innebär att Lean i många fall reduceras till en verktygslåda. I denna studie har Lean-implementationen på ett fallföretag studerats. Fallföretaget införde Lean i samband med ”Produktionslyftet” år 2007 i syfte att effektivisera processer och bemöta hårdnande konkurrens. Ett antal intervjuer har genomförts med både produktions-personal och personer i ledande befattning. För att synliggöra individens roll i införandet och anammandet av Lean har en ny undersökningsmodell tagits fram för att analysera empirin och som utgår från ramverket för teknik, organisation och miljö, TOE, men där influensen av miljö har ersatts av influensen av individ, TOI. Den teoretiska undersöknings-modellen är undersökarens bidrag till forskningen. Resultatet av studien visar på att fallföretaget är ett klassiskt exempel på ett företag som lyckats väl med att införa de tekniska verktygen av Lean och att verksamheten fungerar mycket bättre idag än före införandet av Lean. Fallföretaget har ökat leveranssäkerheten och omsättningen men samtidigt minskat på produktionsytan och producerar ändå mer på samma tid. Däremot har fallföretaget inte lika tydligt implementerat de mjuka beståndsdelarna av Lean, det vill säga själva filosofin. Undersökningsmodellen TOI lyfter här fram verksamhetens karaktär, en hierarkisk och toppstyrd organisation, som en möjlig faktor till varför de mjuka beståndsdelarna inte har fått fäste. Modellen visar även att individen inte integrerar och samspelar med de influenser som borde skapa Lean. Samspelet mellan individ och ledning (organisation) ses som väsentliga för att uppnå de mjuka beståndsdelarna. För att få Leans hela koncept måste det finnas ett samspel och förbindelse mellan TOI modellens tre influenser; teknik, organisation och individ. Alla delarna är lika viktiga för att hela Lean ska få fäste. Detta är en möjlig anledning till varför det är mindre än 20% av Lean-projekteten som misslyckas med att implementera Leans hela koncept. / Never before have we consumed as much as now and customers are constantly demanding higher quality at a lower price, while at the same time costs are increasing for labour, energy and materials. Different production systems are used to meet customer needs. Lean production is such a production system and includes a variety of practical tools but also a philosophy based on commitment, knowledge, team spirit and leadership. Lean is something many companies strive to introduce, but studies shows that less than 20% succeed in introducing the entire Lean concept. It’s mainly the soft parts of Lean (the philosophy) that companies have most difficulty to implement, which means that in many cases Lean is reduced to a toolbox. This study is about the Lean implementation in a case company. The case company introduced Lean through its participation in the "Produktionslyftet" in 2007 with the aim of streamlining processes and responding to toughening competition. A number of interviews have been carried out with both production staff and senior executives. In order to highlight the individual's role in the introduction and adoption of Lean, a research model has been developed to analyse the empirical data, which is based on the framework for technology, organization and environment, TOE, but where the influence of environment has been replaced by the influence of the individual, TOI. The theoretical survey model is the investigator's contribution to the science. The result of the study shows that the case company is a classic example of a company that has succeeded well in introducing the technical tools of Lean and that the operation works much better today than before the introduction of Lean. The case company has increased the delivery reliability and sales but at the same time decreased the production area and still produces more at the same time allotted. However, the case company has not as clearly implemented the soft elements of Lean, that is, the philosophy itself. The survey model TOI highlights the nature of the business, a hierarchical and top-down organization, as a possible factor why the soft components have not been attached. The model also shows that the individual does not integrate and interact with the influences that should create Lean. The interaction between individual and management (organization) are seen as essential for achieving the soft components. In order to get the whole concept of Lean, there must be an interaction and connection between the three influences of the TOI model; technology, organization and individual. All parts are equally important for the whole of Lean to get attached. This is a possible reason why there are less than 20% of Lean projects that fail to implement the entire Lean concept.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-05-05T19:16:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO DAVID R. LAVINAS.pdf: 427600 bytes, checksum: aefbefc3fc162b9d726b028808257342 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-05-05T19:16:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO DAVID R. LAVINAS.pdf: 427600 bytes, checksum: aefbefc3fc162b9d726b028808257342 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-06T11:08:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO DAVID R. LAVINAS.pdf: 427600 bytes, checksum: aefbefc3fc162b9d726b028808257342 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / The goal of this study is to analyse if the main changes ocurred in the form of conduction of an operational management process of a TI public company, regarding the implantation of a new model of technical support to the users of their products and services made a change in the paradigm of the existing management. According to these, the adopted path for this study was to search for any alteration related to the procedures of organization and management of the activities and not the ones related to the technical infrastructure. With this, it was used as a theoretical reference the literature that englobes the evolution's progress of the management production, specially those developed at the end of the 19's century until the present days, such as taylorism, fordism and post-fordism. For structuring the information data, the following analysis dimensions were defined: The Knowledge of the Process; The Production's Planning; Implementation of Production, Process Control, Division of Labor, Work in Team and Technical Resources, applied to any model, allowing the comparison among these. For data rasing, there were used the existing documentation of the company, registers from the data base, direct observation, participants' observation and questionaries, answered by the managers responsible for the conduction of the process. Once finished this part, and with the use of the analysis dimensions, there were identified the main characters of both adopted paradigms: fordism and pos-fordism. There were also descriptions of these analysis dimensions considering the collected data about the models in study. Finally there was the confrontation of information to identify which model most closely resembles each model and whether the change envisaged. The results showed that the previous model was closest to the Fordist paradigm, while the new model showed its main features identified with the post-Fordist paradigm. This was possible to conclude that the proposed research done in this work showed that the model adopted promotes change in the paradigm of management in the previous model. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar se as principais mudanças ocorridas na forma de condução de um processo de gestão operacional de uma empresa pública de TI, quando da implantação de um novo modelo de suporte técnico aos usuários de seus produtos e serviços, proporcionaram uma alteração no paradigma de gestão existente. Em função do proposto, a diretriz adotada para a condução deste trabalho foi a de pesquisar as alterações relativas aos procedimentos de organização e gestão das atividades e não as inerentes à infra-estrutura técnica. Com este fim, foi utilizado como referencial teórico a literatura que aborda a evolução do processo de gestão da produção, notadamente aquele desenvolvido do final do século XIX até os dias atuais, tais como: o taylorismo, o fordismo e o pós-fordismo. Para estruturar a coleta de informações foram definidas as seguintes dimensões de análise: Conhecimento do Processo; Planejamento da Produção; Execução da Produção; Controle do Processo; Divisão do Trabalho; Trabalho em Equipe e Recursos Técnicos, representativas e aplicáveis a qualquer modelo, permitindo a comparação entre estes. Para levantamento dos dados foram utilizadas as documentações existentes na empresa, registros de bancos de dados, observações diretas, observações participantes e questionários, respondidos pelos gerentes responsáveis pela condução do processo. Uma vez concluída esta etapa e com o uso das dimensões de análise, foram identificadas as principais características dos dois paradigmas adotados: fordista e pós-fordista. Fez-se também a descrição destas dimensões de análise tendo por base os dados coletados sobre os modelos em estudo. Finalmente, houve a confrontação das informações para se identificar a qual paradigma cada modelo mais se assemelhava e se houve a mudança prevista. Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que o modelo anterior era mais próximo ao paradigma fordista, enquanto o novo modelo apresentava suas características predominantes identificadas com o paradigma pós-fordista. Com isto foi possível concluir que a pesquisa realizada comprovou o proposto neste trabalho, que o modelo adotado promove a mudança do paradigma de gestão existente no modelo anterior.

Orientador: José Luís Sanfelice / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T05:02:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Batista_EraldoLeme_D.pdf: 5391683 bytes, checksum: 10dc126e4104c50e334174b5f0ccb8d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa estuda a concepção de educação profissional, defendida e divulgada pela revista do IDORT (1931-1942). Utilizamos as categorias de classes sociais, luta de classes e hegemonia, para entendermos as contradições de classes no período analisado. Destacamos o Instituto de Organização Racional do Trabalho - IDORT como órgão representante da burguesia industrial. Examinamos, no primeiro capítulo, a questão econômica, social e política do período, demonstrando a organização dos industriais, em especial os paulistas, que buscaram o fortalecimento de sua fração de classe no projeto de sociedade e de controle do Estado. Discorremos também sobre a repressão feita aos anarco-sindicalistas, aos comunistas e a toda organização que se contrapunha aos interesses burgueses. No segundo capítulo, analisamos o processo de constituição do IDORT, o seu projeto de defesa de uma sociedade racional e taylorizada. No último capítulo, apresentamos o projeto de educação profissional defendido pela revista, que se constituiu em fonte primária desta pesquisa. Registramos a importância dos Intelectuais orgânicos da burguesia, com ênfase à Roberto Mange, principal ideólogo dos estudos e propostas para a educação de um trabalhador dócil, disciplinado e adaptável ao projeto societário burguês. Analisamos as experiências de educação profissional nas escolas ferroviárias e do Centro Ferroviário de São Paulo, como a gênese para a constituição do Serviço Nacional de Industria - SENAI. Finalizamos com a indicação da importância de se conhecer a história, a trajetória e os projetos originais referentes a educação profissional, como aqueles presentes na revista do IDORT, uma vez que eles dão origem a um desenvolvimento posterior de inúmeras ações da fração da classe burguesa, os industriais, no direcionamento da determinação dos rumos da sociedade brasileira, e na sua hegemonia no interior do Estado. / Abstract: This research analyzes the design of professional education as it was advocated and promoted by the IDORT magazine (1931-1942). We use the categories of social classes, class struggle and hegemony to understand the class contradictions of the analyzed period. We feature the "Instituto de Organização Racional do Trabalho" - IDORT [Rational Work Organization Institute] as the Organic Intellectual for the strategies and thesis of the industrialists. In the first chapter, we analyze the economic, social and political aspects of that period and explain the organization of industrialists, especially in São Paulo, which sought to strengthen their class fraction by means of a project aimed at controlling society and the State. We also describe the repression of the anarcho-syndicalists, the communists and of every organization that opposed bourgeois interests. In the second chapter, we analyze the formation process of the IDORT, its project for the defense of a rational and Taylorized society. In the last chapter, we present the design of professional education promoted by the magazine, which constitutes the primary source of our research. We acknowledge the importance of the organic intellectuals of the bourgeoisie, especially Roberto Mange, chief ideologue of the studies and proposals for the education of docile, disciplined workers who adapt to their bourgeois project of society. We analyze the experiences of vocational education in railway schools and at the Railway Centre of São Paulo as the base for the creation of the "Serviço Nacional de Industria - SENAI" [National Industrial Service]. We conclude by defending the importance of knowing the history, the path and the original projects related to professional education, such as those found in the IDORT magazine, since they gave rise to an ensuing development of countless actions by the bourgeois class fraction, the industrialists, to conduct the directions taken by the Brazilian society and to foster their hegemony within the State. / Doutorado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Doutor em Educação

Bakgrunden till denna studie bygger på vårt intresse för arbetet med rekrytering och dendigitala teknikutvecklingen som följt vår generation födda på 1990-talet fram till där vi äridag. Studiens syfte grundar sig därför i att få en djupare förståelse för hur digitaliseringenoch den digitala tekniken påverkar yrkesverksamma inom rekrytering. Studien tar avstamp iden tid där digitaliseringen av samhället har nått den nivån där teknologin både medför storafördelar men även nackdelar i hur människan implementeras och anpassas till de digitalaverktygen i arbetet. Digitaliseringen har påverkat samhället dramatiskt vad gäller tillgångenpå information och har således inneburit en stor omställning för organisationer, arbete ochindivider. Digitaliseringen liknas ofta med en tsunami och den nya tekniken medför att närahälften av alla arbetsuppgifter kommer att tas över av tekniska system och automation denärmaste 20 åren vilket innebär en stor omställning för individer och organisationer. Studien använder sig av kvalitativa intervjuer med åtta olika rekryterare från två olikasektorer. Forskningsansatsen är kvalitativ och vi vill försöka skapa en förståelse för hur det äratt arbeta mitt i det digitalt omfattande rekryteringsyrket. Studiens teoretiska referensrambygger främst på Karasek och Theorells traditionella krav-, kontroll- och stödmodell därbegreppen krav, kontroll och stöd används för att undersöka hur rekryterare påverkas avdigitaliseringen. Till detta adderas det mer moderna begreppet Technostress som kretsar kringhur teknik och tekniska system kan utlösa stress i arbetet. Studien försöker även fånga in dentrend som sker inom flera sektorer där historiens vingslag från Taylorismen återkommer iform av digital Taylorism där automation, övervakning, effektivisering och kraftiguppdelning av arbetsuppgifter skapar ensamma och tråkiga arbeten. Resultatet av studienvisar bland annat på att rekryterar ställs inför allt högre krav på arbetstakt och tillgänglighetgenom digitaliseringen. Den digitala tekniken frigör tid och effektiviserar arbetet men densparade tiden resulterar i fler arbetsuppgifter. Vidare framgår det att väl fungerande IT-stödoch stöd från kollegor avhjälper dem och trots att arbetet har blivit mer effektiviserat ochuppdelat finns det flera fördelar med digitaliseringen av rekryteringsprocessen. Resultatetpåvisar att en avsaknad av mänsklig kontakt och möjligheten att träffas ansikte-mot-ansikteupplevs som en av de mer negativa sidorna med den digitala tekniken.

In a small, rural school district in the southeastern United States, elementary school teachers were receiving positive evaluation ratings while student proficiency on state assessments was below the state average. Due to changes in federal and state laws, school personnel evaluate methods have undergone significant reform. The purpose of this study was to answer the guiding research questions of teachers and administrators perceptions toward the value-added model (VAM) of evaluation and how those perceptions affect teacher performance. Taylor's scientific management theory, which suggests examining human productivity through the lens of applied science served as the conceptual framework. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with a homogeneous group of 4 elementary teachers and 4 principals. Thematic data followed an open-coding process to identify categories and emergent themes. The findings revealed that teachers believed VAM had little effect on their instructional practice and principals rarely used VAM data to recommend professional development to teachers. This study included the creation of a professional development project to provide a clear understanding of VAM and a method for analyzing student data to inform (a) instruction, (b) pedagogical and content knowledge in the area of balanced literacy and assessments, and (c) a summative review of student data related to VAM. The study and project have implications for positive social change by providing district and school-based leaders with insight into the effects of many decisions related to teacher evaluations.

I essäns form utforskas här grunderna till och eventuella effekter av formuleringar i läroplanen för gymnasieskolan där entreprenöriella förmågor framhålls. Dessa ska främjas hos eleverna vilket ska leda till att de i framtiden kan starta och driva företag. Syftet är att undersöka varför läroplanen innehåller dessa formuleringar, om det är möjligt eller önskvärt att lärare omsätter dem i undervisning, vad det kan innebära för eleverna, utbildningen, arbetslivet och för samhället i stort. Essän tar sin utgångspunkt i ett boksamtal om romanen Yarden som författaren till denna essä och en grupp elever hade hösten 2017. Ur denna berättelse och ur upplevelsen av kontrasten mellan det som kan vara undervisningens mål och mening och de skrivningar om entreprenörskap läroplanen innehåller växer utforskandet fram. Det utmynnar i en kritik av den nyliberala politik som skapat den marknadsanpassade skolan. Essän ifrågasätter också tron på att vi kan utbilda för en tänkt framtid. Slutligen pekar den mot det nödvändiga i reformer som kan undandra skolan från marknaden. / An essay that investigates the basis and possible effects of certain formulations in the upper-secondary curriculum that emphasise entrepreneurial skills. Such skills are to be promoted in pupils, with the aim of their being able to start and operate businesses in the future. The purpose is to examine why the curriculum contains these formulations, whether it is possible or desirable for teachers to implement them in their instruction and what this might mean for the pupils, their education, the professional world and society as a whole. The essay is based on a discussion of the novel Yarden (“The Shipyard”) by Kristian Lundberg, which the author of this essay and a group of pupils read in autumn 2017. The exploratory aspect of the essay develops out of this story and the experience of the contrast between what is perhaps the goal and purpose of the instruction, and the writings about entrepreneurship contained in the curriculum. The result is a criticism of the neoliberal policy that created market-adapted schooling. The essay also questions the belief that we can educate people for a hypothetical future. Finally, it points to the necessity of reforms that can extract schools from the market.

Edwards Amasa Park (1808-1900) of Andover championed Edwardsean Calvinism in the United States from the Jacksonian era until the very close of the nineteenth century by employing rhetorical strategies that lent his New England theology fresh apologetic usefulness. The thesis demonstrates that Park has been incorrectly identified as a Taylorite but, extending the argument of Joseph Conforti, ought to be viewed as re-casting his inherited Hopkinsian exercise scheme into a fresh historical synthesis influenced by contemporary patterns of thought. Park’s own training at Andover in the irenic divinity of Moses Stuart and Leonard Woods, his application as rhetorician of the work of Hugh Blair and George Campbell and his exposure in Germany to the Vermittlungstheologie of Friedrich Tholuck and Julius Müller gave specific definition to his own theological project. Additionally, the thesis argues that Park ought not to be viewed as a romantic idealist in the line of Horace Bushnell or as a proto-liberal in advance of the Andover liberals who succeeded him. Park retained a life-long commitment to a commingled epistemology and methodology derived from Lockean empiricism, Baconian induction, natural theology and Scottish common sense realism. As a formidable apologist for his revivalist inheritance identified with Jonathan Edwards and Samuel Hopkins, Edwards Amasa Park conserved the substance and prolonged the influence of his beloved New England theology by securing for it modes of expression well fitted to his nineteenth-century audience.

Essa pesquisa buscou compreender o papel que os trabalhadores de chão de fábrica, aqueles com pouca ou nenhuma qualificação e que trabalham diretamente no processo produtivo, tiveram para o progresso da indústria química de São Paulo. Para isso, realizamos uma retrospectiva da história da industrialização desse setor, bem como dos diferentes estágios de interação entre a gerência e os operários. Contamos com pesquisas de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, bem como de documentação primária e história oral. Com isso, buscamos dar luz a essa personagem e perceber como o seu papel se alterou no decorrer do tempo, sem nunca deixar de ser relevante para uma História da ciência, da técnica e do trabalho, inserida em uma perspectiva social. / The main purpose of this research is to understand the role that blue collar workers, those ones with little or no qualifications that work directly in the production process, had in the progress of the chemical industry of São Paulo. To get there, a retrospective of the history of industrialization in this sector has been done, as well as the different stages of interaction between management executives and workers. In the research, studies from different areas of knowledge were used as well as primary documents and oral history. This research tries to focus these actors and understands the changes on their role over the time, always relevant to the history of science, technology and labor in a social perspective.

Essa pesquisa buscou compreender o papel que os trabalhadores de chão de fábrica, aqueles com pouca ou nenhuma qualificação e que trabalham diretamente no processo produtivo, tiveram para o progresso da indústria química de São Paulo. Para isso, realizamos uma retrospectiva da história da industrialização desse setor, bem como dos diferentes estágios de interação entre a gerência e os operários. Contamos com pesquisas de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, bem como de documentação primária e história oral. Com isso, buscamos dar luz a essa personagem e perceber como o seu papel se alterou no decorrer do tempo, sem nunca deixar de ser relevante para uma História da ciência, da técnica e do trabalho, inserida em uma perspectiva social. / The main purpose of this research is to understand the role that blue collar workers, those ones with little or no qualifications that work directly in the production process, had in the progress of the chemical industry of São Paulo. To get there, a retrospective of the history of industrialization in this sector has been done, as well as the different stages of interaction between management executives and workers. In the research, studies from different areas of knowledge were used as well as primary documents and oral history. This research tries to focus these actors and understands the changes on their role over the time, always relevant to the history of science, technology and labor in a social perspective.