This work is an exploration of the relationship between gender, the body and clothing, raising questions about identity while trying to deconstruct gender as a binary concept. I relate textile material transformations to drag and talk about the importance of non binary and trans visibility and representation. Interweaving my personal story with queer theoretical elements, I’m creating a sculptural installation, visualizing a possible future where fluidity supersedes fixity.

La compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires de différentes pathologies a permis la caractérisation de gènes et de protéines impliqués dans la pathogénèse et l'identification de cibles thérapeutiques intracellulaires. La nature hydrophobique de la membrane cellulaire empêche le passage des médicaments dans les cellules. Les Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPP) ou domaines de transduction protéiques (PTD) sont des peptides qui permettent l'internalisation de macromolécules hydrophiles in cellulo et in vivo. Un nouveau peptide issu du facteur de transcription ZEBRA du virus Epstein-Barr, et qui possède des propriétés de transduction a été caractérisé récemment dans notre laboratoire. Des études par mutagénèse de délétion de la protéine ZEBRA ont permis d'identifier la région d'acides aminés (nommé ainsi MD) impliquée dans la pénétration cellulaire. Ce peptide traverse les membranes des cellules de mammifères par un mécanisme de translocation directe, même lorsqu'il est fusionné à des molécules telles que la protéine reportrice eGFP. Le mécanisme de pénétration directe représente un grand avantage pour les applications thérapeutiques: les molécules cargos peuvent être internalisées directement dans le cytoplasme cellulaire sans dégradation et sous une forme biologiquement active. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier les propriétés de pénétration cellulaire du peptide MD et d'évaluer ses applications thérapeutiques comme système de vectorisation des protéines. Ce travail est structuré en trois parties. La première partie porte sur l'étude de l'optimisation de la séquence peptidique MD par réduction de taille et l'évaluation du rôle de sa composition en acides aminés dans le processus de translocation à travers la membrane cellulaire. Cette étude a conduit à l'identification d'une séquence plus courte MD (MD11) possédant une efficacité et un mécanisme de translocation inchangés. La deuxième partie décrit une approche thérapeutique basée sur MD11 visant à la complémentation protéique d'un dysfonctionnement identifiée dans la plupart des cancers. Les cellules tumorales présentent des altérations dans la machinerie de traduction résultant dans une prolifération cellulaire incontrôlée. Parmi les différents facteurs intervenant dans la régulation de ce processus, le facteur eucaryote d'initiation 3 (eIF3) contribue à l'oncogenèse et au maintien de l'état cancéreux. Ce complexe est composé de 13 sous-unités, désignées eIF3 a-m. L'expression de certaines sous-unités est altérée dans plusieurs cancers, et en particulier la sous-unité f (eIF3f) est significativement diminuée dans le mélanome, les cancers du pancréas, de la vulve, du sein, de l'intestin et de l'ovaire. L'expression ectopique par transfection transitoire du gène eIF3f inhibe la synthèse protéique et induit l'apoptose dans le mélanome et dans les cellules cancéreuses pancréatiques. A partir de ces observations, nous avons développé une approche thérapeutique innovante pour le traitement des cancers dans lesquels la protéine manquante eIF3f est produite sous forme recombinante fusionnée à la séquence de MD11, et ensuite internalisée dans les cellules cibles tumorales. Ces résultats démontrent que le système de transfert de eIF3f basé sur MD11 représente une stratégie efficace pour supprimer la prolifération des cellules tumorales. La dernière partie de cette thèse explore la propriété de pénétration de MD11 dans les cellules de levure, et en particulier dans le champignon pathogène Candida albicans. Les résultats obtenus démontrent la polyvalence de MD11, qui fonctionne comme vecteur de protéines à activité biologique aussi bien dans la levure que dans les cellules de mammifères. Le potentiel de MD11 comme système de transport et de relargage des protéines a donc été établis, toutefois certaines améliorations en ce qui concerne la formulation des protéines de fusion et des études in vivo doivent être réalisées afin de valider son efficacité thérapeutique. / In recent years, the understanding of disease molecular mechanisms has led to the identification of genes and proteins that are altered in disease state and many therapeutic targets have been found located within cells. The protective and hydrophobic nature of plasma membrane prevents therapeutic drugs from entering cells. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs) have emerged as a group of non-invasive delivery vectors for various hydrophilic macromolecules, and several in vitro and in vivo applications as pharmaceutical carriers have been reported. A novel cell-penetrating peptide deriving from the Epstein-Barr virus ZEBRA transcription factor has been recently characterized in our laboratory. A reductionist study of full-length ZEBRA protein has allowed to identify the amino acid region (named as Minimal Domain, MD) implicated in cellular uptake. This peptide is able to cross the mammalian cell membranes via a direct translocation mechanism even when fused to cargo molecules such as eGFP reporter protein. The direct penetration mechanism represents a great advantage for therapeutic applications as the cargo molecules can be directly delivered into cells cytoplasm in a biological active form. The aim of this thesis is to explore the cell-penetrating properties of the MD peptide and evaluate its applications as therapeutic protein delivery system. This work is structured in three parts.The first part describes the study on the optimization of MD peptide sequence by size-reduction and the evaluation of its amino acid composition role in the translocation process across the cell membrane. This study has led to the identification of a shorter MD sequence (MD11) with unvaried mechanism of translocation. The second section describes a MD11-based therapeutic approach aiming at repair a dysfunction of the protein synthesis identified in most cancers. The regulation of the protein synthesis has a crucial role in governing the eukaryotic cell growth and subtle defects in the translational machinery can alter the cellular physiology and lead to cell malignancy. Among the different factors intervening in the regulation of this process, the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) contributes to oncogenesis and maintenance of the cancer state. This complex is composed of 13 subunits (designated eIF3 a-m). The expression of eIF3 subunits is altered in several cancers, and in particular the f subunit (eIF3f) is significantly down-regulated in pancreas, vulva, breast, melanoma, ovary and small intestine tumors. The eIF3f ectopic expression by transient gene transfection inhibits cellular protein synthesis and induces apoptosis in melanoma and pancreatic cancer cells. Starting from these observations, we developed an innovative therapeutic approach for cancer treatment in which the missing eIF3f protein is produced in vitro in fusion to MD11, and delivered to cells. These results have demonstrated that the MD11- based eIF3f transfer system may represent a powerful strategy to suppress the tumor-cell proliferation. The last part of this thesis explores the cell-penetrating property of MD11 in yeast cells, and in particular in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The presented results demonstrate the versatility of MD11, functioning as vectors in both yeast and mammalian cells and as carrier for proteins with biological activity.The MD11 potential as protein delivery system is evident; however some improvements regarding the fusion protein formulation and in vivo studies should be realized to validate the effectiveness of its therapeutic application.

UGARTE, Sheila Dayanna Milan. Atividade antimicrobiana da cobertura comestível de quitosana adicionada com trans-cinamaldeído sobre Escherichia coli E Listeria innocua em melão cantaloupe (Cucumus melo, L.) minimamente processado. 2012. 96 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2012 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T13:37:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_sdmugarte.pdf: 3028823 bytes, checksum: 631442b469207df51398ae6e1ded8c92 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-27T13:37:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_sdmugarte.pdf: 3028823 bytes, checksum: 631442b469207df51398ae6e1ded8c92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T13:37:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_sdmugarte.pdf: 3028823 bytes, checksum: 631442b469207df51398ae6e1ded8c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The consumption of fresh-cut fruits have grown considerably in recent years due to its nutritional advantages and because these are ready-to-eat products. However, the potential presence of pathogenic microorganisms in these products is a health risk for consumers, as they are eaten raw. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate in vivo the efficiency of a chitosan edible coating added with trans-cinnamaldehyde applied to fresh-cut melon (Cucumis melo L.), against fresh-cut melon’s own microflora and against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922TM) and Listeria innocua (ATCC 33090). Firstly, in order to obtain the effective antimicrobial concentration, the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were obtained in vitro. Subsequently, the melons were minimally processed and divided into three parts, the first part without inoculation, the second part inoculated with E. coli and the third part inoculated with L. inocua; immediately, the fresh-cut melon was immersed in two types of edible coating: a medium molecular weight chitosan edible coating (2%) and a chitosan edible coating added with trans-cinnamaldehyde (0.05%). Fresh-cut melon inoculated with water, inoculated with E. coli and inoculated with L. inocua, was used as controls. The determination of mesophilic bacteria, psychrophilic, coliform, yeasts and moulds was realized in non inoculated fresh-cut melon. In the other hand, the counting of E. coli and L. innocua was realized in inoculated fresh-cut melon; these microbiological analysis were done, in times: 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of storage at 4 °C. Both edible coatings showed antimicrobial action against E. coli and L. innocua, mesophilic, psychrophilic, coliform bacterias, yeasts and moulds, no statistically significant difference was found between them (P>0,001). The chitosan edible coating added with trans-cinnamaldehyde (0.05%) do not show improved efficiency in its antimicrobial action, regarding the microorganisms used in this research. / O consumo de frutas minimamente processadas tem crescido consideravelmente nos últimos anos devido suas vantagens nutricionais e por estarem prontos para o consumo. Porém, a presença de microrganismos patogênicos nestes produtos é um risco para a saúde dos consumidores, pois são consumidos crus. O foco principal desta pesquisa foi avaliar in vivo a eficiência de uma cobertura de quitosana adicionada de trans-cinamaldeído em melão (Cucumis melo L.) minimamente processado, sobre a microbiota própria do melão e do melão inoculado com Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922TM) e Listeria innocua (ATCC 33090). Inicialmente determinou-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e bactericida (CBM) do trans-cinamaldeído a nível in vitro para obter-se a concentração efetiva como antimicrobiano. Posteriormente, os melões foram minimamente processados e divididos em três partes, sendo uma sem inoculação, outra inoculada com E. coli e outra com L. innocua, sendo em seguida imersos em dois tipos de cobertura: cobertura de quitosana de médio peso molecular (2%) e em cobertura de quitosana de médio peso molecular (2%) com 0,05% de trans-cinamaldeído. Como controles foram utilizados o melão inoculado com água; inoculado com E. coli e inoculado com L. innocua. Foram realizadas determinação de bactérias mesófilas, psicrófilas, coliformes, bolores e leveduras nos melões não inoculados e contagem de E. coli e L. innocua nos melões inoculados, nos tempos: 0, 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias de armazenamento a 4 ºC. Ambas coberturas apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana sobre E. coli, L. innocua, bactérias mesófilas, psicrófilas, coliformes, bolores e leveduras, não ocorrendo entre elas uma diferença estatística significativa (P>0,001). A cobertura com trans-cinamaldeído não apresentou maior eficiência na ação antimicrobiana com relação aos microrganismos pesquisados.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / This Master's Thesis is part of the Training Research Field, Knowledge and Professional Development of the Postgraduate Program in Education of the Federal University of Santa Maria/RS. We aim, with this research, understand how the educators (teachers) express the words about his teaching whatdoings through Dialogical Circles Investigative-training, considering the interfaces between High School and the youthnization in Youth and Adult Education (EJA), in view of a humanizing educational praxis. Therefore, we seek to answer the following research problem: how, through the Dialogical Circles Investigative-training, educators announce their teaching whatdoings reflecting on the interfaces between regular school and the youthnization in EJA, in view of educational praxis humanizing? Methodologically this study is based on a qualitative approach of the study case type (multicases), but also has research training features, as coauthors subjects actively participate in all stages of research. For the dynamics of formation meetings with educators, we use the methodology of the Dialogical Circles Investigative-training, inspired by Freire's Culture Circles in approach to research-training (JOSSO, 2004, 2010). As theoretical and conceptual contributions we used Paulo Freire's propositions in dialogue with other authors such as: Charlot (2000), Brandão (2013), Henz (2010, 2012), Arroyo (2001), Carrano (2011), Imbernón (2009, 2010, 2011), Garcia (2010), among others. Five (5) thematic generating analysis and understanding emerged from the dialogues with educators and students: the processes of auto(trans)formation of the educator; the teaching content and/or learning; the youthnization process in EJA; the learning and unlearning: frustrations and hopes and the challenge of dialog of loveliness and rigor. For analysis and interpretation of results, we use the focus on hermeneutic approach, as it allows to understand the reality that appears from the way in which each is in the world. Listening to students and, from their speeches, talking with educators, we found that the students who seek EJA are mainly young people between 18 (eighteen) and 21 (twenty-one) years, who migrated to the modality because they have experienced unsuccessful experiences in the regular High School and / or due to lack of meaning given for them to said step, and also seeking a more humane, meaningful and loving education. We noted that in EJA, teachers have a different look for young students and are committed to reflect on their teaching whatdoings in order to better accommodate these students and make teaching in the modality an effectively mobilizing significant and learning mobilizing, though they still have resistance to dialogue about their whatdoings in regular education. We concluded that there are many challenges facing the permanent auto(trans)formation of high school educators, in order to provide an awareness-and liberating education that enables them to be both teachers themselves as students, as well as realize that EJA has sought to move in this direction. / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado insere-se na Linha de Pesquisa Formação, Saberes e Desenvolvimento Profissional do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria/RS. Objetivamos, com esta investigação, compreender com os educadores (professores) expressam os dizeres sobre seu quefazer docente por meio dos Círculos Dialógicos Investigativo-formativos, considerando as interfaces entre o Ensino Médio e a juvenilização na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), em vista de uma práxis educativa humanizadora. Para tanto, buscamos responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: como, por meio dos Círculos Dialógicos Investigativo-formativos, os educadores(as) anunciaram o seu quefazer docente refletindo sobre as interfaces entre a escola regular e a juvenilização na EJA, em vista de práxis educativas humanizadoras? Metodologicamente este estudo fundamenta-se em uma abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso (multicasos), porém, também possui características de pesquisa-formação, uma vez que os sujeitos coautores participam ativamente em todas as etapas da pesquisa. Para a dinâmica dos encontros formativos com os educadores, utilizamos a metodologia dos Círculos Dialógicos Investigativo-formativos, inspirados nos Círculos de Cultura freireanos em aproximação com a pesquisa-formação (JOSSO, 2004, 2010). Como aportes teórico-conceituais nos embasamos nas proposições de Paulo Freire em diálogo com outros autores, tais como: Charlot (2000), Brandão 2013), Henz (2003, 2007, 2010, 2012), Arroyo (2001, 2005, 2014), Carrano (2011), Imbernón (2009, 2010, 2011), Garcia (2010), entre outros. Emergiram dos diálogos com os educadores e com os estudantes 5 (cinco) temáticas geradoras de análise e compreensão: os processos auto(trans)formativos do ser educador; o ensino de conteúdos e/ou a aprendizagem; o processo de juvenilização na EJA; o aprender e o desaprender: frustrações e esperanças e o desafio da dialogicidade da amorosidade e da rigorosidade. Para análise e interpretação dos resultados, utilizamos o enfoque hermenêutico, pois este possibilita compreender a realidade que se apresenta a partir do modo pelo qual cada um está no mundo. Escutando os estudantes e, a partir das falas deles, dialogando com os educadores, verificamos que os educandos que buscam a EJA são principalmente jovens entre 18 (dezoito) e 21 (vinte e um) anos que migraram para a modalidade em razão de terem vivenciado experiências mal sucedidas no Ensino Médio regular e/ou devido à falta de sentido atribuída por eles à referida etapa e, ainda, que buscam uma educação mais humana, significativa e afetuosa. Constatamos que, na EJA, os docentes possuem um olhar diferenciado para os jovens estudantes e comprometem-se a refletir sobre seus quefazeres docentes com vistas a melhor acolher esses educandos e tornar o ensino na modalidade efetivamente significativo e mobilizador de aprendizagens, no entanto ainda possuem resistência em dialogar sobre os seus quefazeres no ensino regular. Concluímos que são muitos os desafios que se colocam à auto(trans)formação permanente de educadores do Ensino Médio, com vistas a propiciar uma educação conscientizadora e libertadora que possibilite o ser mais tanto dos próprios docentes quanto dos estudantes, assim como percebemos que a EJA tem procurado caminhar nessa direção.

Des nanoparticules d’or dispersées dans un carbone mésoporeux CMK-n (n = 1,3 et 8) ont été obtenues par une méthode originale qui consiste à répliquer des silices mésoporeuses dans lesquelles les particules d’or ont été préalablement formées. La taille des particules d’or est plus petite lorsque la surface de la silice est fonctionnalisée par un thiol (MPTMS) (dAu ~ 2 nm) que par un ammonium (TPTAC) (dAu ~ 6 nm). La taille des particules d’or dans les répliques peut être contrôlée à la fois par la température de calcination du moule et par la température de pyrolyse de la source de carbone. Bien que les répliques carbonées soient beaucoup mieux dispersées dans le milieu réactionnel apolaire que les moules siliciques correspondants, elles sont moins actives dans les oxydations aérobies du cyclohexène et du trans-stilbène en phase liquide. Les meilleures performances dans l'oxydation de ces deux molécules ont été obtenues sur les répliques pyrolysées à 750°C et contenant des particules d’or de taille moyenne d'environ 2 nm. Les très petites particules sont moins actives, probablement parce qu'elles sont complètement enrobées par du carbone, donc inaccessibles. Les performances catalytiques de nos répliques ont été comparées avec celles d'un catalyseur Au/CMK-3 préparé par dépôt colloïdal sur un carbone mésoporeux pré-formé. Les résultats montrent que nos catalyseurs sont beaucoup moins actifs que celui préparé par dépôt colloïdal, car la majorité des particules dans nos répliques sont recouvertes par du carbone. L'inaccessibilité des particules aux gaz a été confirmée par une mesure de chimisorption d’hydrogène sur un catalyseur Pt/CMK-3 préparé par une méthode identique. / Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbons CMK-3 have been obtained by an original method which consists in replicating mesoporous SBA-15 silicas containing gold nanoparticles. The gold particle size is smaller when the silica surface is functionalized with a thiol (mercaptopropyl graft, MPTMS) (dAu ~ 2 nm) than with an ammonium (TPTAC) (dAu ~ 6 nm). The gold particle size in replicas can be controlled by both the calcination temperature of the silica template and the pyrolysis temperature of the carbon source. Although the carbon replicas are much better dispersed in non polar solvents than the corresponding silica templates, they are less active in the aerobic oxidations of cyclohexene and trans-stilbene in the liquid phase. The best performances in the oxidation of these two molecules have been obtained on replicas pyrolysed at 750°C and containing gold particles with an average size of about 2 nm. The very small particles are unexpectedly less active probably because they are completely coated by carbon, and thus inaccessible. The catalytic performances of our replicas have been compared with those of a Au/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by colloidal deposition onto a preformed mesoporous carbon replica. The results show that our catalysts are much less active than that prepared by colloidal deposition because the majority of particles in our replicas are covered by carbon. The inaccessibility of particles to gases has been confirmed by hydrogen chemisorption on a Pt/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by an identical method.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The fatty acids (FA) are important constituents of brain phospholipid membranes and play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS) may modify the plasticity and fluidity, and act decisively in the development of cognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. During the last decades, we observed changes in eating habits, which enabled increased consumption of trans fatty acids at the expense of consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially omega-3. Furthermore, frequent situations of stress due to pressure of the outside world may also be associated with the development of diseases involving CNS and changes in metabolic function, particularly in the metabolism of fatty acids. In this study, two sequential generations of rats were supplemented with soybean oil (C-SO), fish oil (FO) and hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) during pregnancy and lactation. At 41 days of age, half of the male animals of each group were exposed to acute stress (AE-2h) and evaluated in the open field and elevated plus maze, followed by euthanasia for biochemical analysis. The HVF supplemented group had higher anxiety symptoms, while groups C-SO and FO did not show these behaviors. Among the groups exposed to AE, the HVF showed greater locomotion and symptoms similar to anxiety, but this was not observed in the FO. Biochemical analyzes showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced cell viability in the cortex of HVF group. Furthermore, the HVF treated rats showed reduced catalase activity in the striatum and hippocampus, and increased generation of reactive species in the striatum, while FO was associated with increased cell viability in the hippocampus. Among the groups exposed to AE, the HVF group showed increased generation of reactive species in the brain, decreased cell viability in the cortex and striatum, and decreased catalase activity in the striatum and hippocampus. The results show that the presence of FA for the development and growth over two generations is capable of modifying parameters of oxidative status and behavior of the brain. Taken together, our data support the idea that regular consumption of a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and PUFA, and particularly low in processed foods, can help prevent the development of emotional disorders, and suggest the influence harmful consumption of trans fat over generations, which is able to increase parameters of emotion and nervousness after stressful situations of everyday life can trigger neurological and neuropsychiatric conditions more severe. / Os ácidos graxos (AG) são constituintes importantes das membranas fosfolipídicas cerebrais e desempenham importantes funções no sistema nervoso central (SNC) podendo modificar a plasticidade e fluidez, além de atuar de forma decisiva no desenvolvimento de patologias cognitivas e neuropsiquiátricas. Durante as últimas décadas, foram observadas mudanças nos hábitos alimentares, as quais possibilitaram o aumento do consumo de ácidos graxos trans, em detrimento do consumo de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI), principalmente o ômega-3. Além disso, situações frequentes de estresse devido a pressão do mundo exterior também podem estar associadas com o desenvolvimento de doenças que envolvem o SNC e alterações na função metabólica, particularmente no metabolismo dos ácidos graxos. Neste estudo, duas gerações sequenciais de ratas foram suplementadas com óleo de soja (C-OS), óleo de peixe (OP) e gordura vegetal hidrogenada (GVH) durante a gestação, lactação e após o desmame. Aos 41 dias de idade, parte dos animais machos, da segunda geração, foram expostos ao estresse agudo (EA-2h), enquanto a outra metade foi utilizada como controles, e avaliados em campo aberto e labirinto em cruz elevado, seguido por eutanásia para análises bioquímicas. O grupo suplementado com GVH, não expostos ao estresse, apresentou maiores sintomas de ansiedade, enquanto os grupos C-OS e OP não mostraram esses comportamentos. Entre os grupos expostos ao EA, o GVH mostrou maior locomoção e sintomas semelhantes à ansiedade, mas isso não foi observado no grupo OP. As análises bioquímicas mostraram níveis mais elevados de peroxidação lipídica e menor viabilidade celular no córtex do grupo GVH. Além disso, os ratos tratados com GVH mostraram reduzida atividade da catalase no estriado e hipocampo, bem como aumento da geração de espécies reativas no estriado, ao passo que OP foi associado com aumento da viabilidade celular no hipocampo. Entre os grupos expostos ao EA, o grupo GVH mostrou aumento da geração de espécies reativas no cérebro, diminuição da viabilidade celular no córtex e estriado, e diminuição da atividade da catalase no estriado e hipocampo. Os resultados mostram que a presença de AG durante o desenvolvimento e crescimento ao longo de duas gerações é capaz de modificar parâmetros de comportamento e status oxidativo do cérebro. Tomados em conjunto, nossos dados suportam a ideia de que o consumo regular de uma dieta rica em ácidos graxos monoinsaturados (AGM) e AGPI, e particularmente pobre em alimentos processados, pode ajudar a prevenir o desenvolvimento de distúrbios emocionais, além de sugerir a influência nociva do consumo de gordura trans ao longo de gerações, a qual é capaz de aumentar parâmetros de emocionalidade e ansiedade após situações estressantes da vida cotidiana podendo desencadear condições neurológicas e neuropsiquiátricas mais graves.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaSFP_DISSERT.pdf: 654256 bytes, checksum: b4f10e1b559371eca5e0c4d71310de30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The dialog between the East philosophy and the Western thinking allow us to think the problems inherent to our time from several point of views. Nishitani Keiji, from the Kyoto School, sees the contemporaneity, or the time of the technic, for Heidegger, as derivation and as an immediate consequence of perspective introduced in the modern era form the Cartesian s cogito which creates a barrier that separates man and world. Scientific thinking that dominates our era was created from the thinking that ennobles human reason to the detriment of the others things in the world, determining that the knowledge just can be produced by the man himself and his set of rational powers. However, alerts us Nishitani, this point of view derived from modern thought which imposes subjectivity egocentric type besides not apprehend things in their truth, neither achieves the true self of man. In an attempt to overcome the abuses produced in modernity and that reverberates in our way of be until today, our philosopher will propose the point of view of the nothingness (śūnyatā) as a way to trans-descendance, that is, to overcome the traditional thinking overvalues the reason for the encounter with the original face of man, which by no longer impose its cognitive power can know all things in their true, in the tathatā / O di?logo estabelecido entre a filosofia Oriental e o pensamento Ocidental nos permite pensar os problemas inerentes ao nosso tempo a partir de ponto de vistas diversos. Nishitani Keiji, representante da Escola de Kyoto, percebe a contemporaneidade, o tempo da vig?ncia da t?cnica, nas palavras de Heidegger, como deriva??o e consequ?ncia imediata da perspectiva introduzida na era moderna a partir do cogito cartesiano a qual cria uma barreira que separa homem e mundo. O pensamento cient?fico que domina a nossa Era nasceu de uma constru??o de pensamento que enobrece a raz?o humana em detrimento das demais coisas do mundo, determinando que o conhecimento somente deve ser produzido a partir do pr?prio homem e seu conjunto de compet?ncias racionais. No entanto, nos alerta Nishitani, este ponto de vista derivado do pensamento moderno que imp?e uma subjetividade do tipo egoc?ntrica al?m de n?o apreender as coisas em sua verdade, tamb?m n?o alcan?a o verdadeiro eu do homem. Na tentativa de suplantar os abusos gerados na modernidade e que reverberam em nosso modo de ser at? hoje, nosso pensador, ir? propor o ponto de vista da vacuidade (śūnyatā) como um caminho de trans-descend?ncia, ou seja, de supera??o do pensamento tradicional que supervaloriza a raz?o para o encontro com o rosto original do homem, o qual ao n?o mais impor seu poder cognitivo pode conhecer todas as coisas em sua verdade, em seu tathatā

Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent disease characterized by concurrent manifestation of insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and other hemodynamic and metabolic disorders. It has multifactorial type of inheritance and its resultant phenotype is determined by both environmental and genetic factors as well as their interactions. That is the main reason why comprehensive analysis of the genetic component of this syndrome is complicated in human population. Genetically designed experimental animal models are significant tools for analysis of genetic architecture of human complex conditions including the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this Thesis is utilization of functional and comparative genomic tools to uncover pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome aspects and their genetic determinants. We also studied pharmacogenetic interactions of these genetic determinants with drugs affecting particular components of the metabolic syndrome. Establishing and utilizing several genetically designed congenic rat strains, we undertook four different research projects focusing on pharmacogenetic interaction of all-trans retinoic acid and ondansetron with differential segment of rat chromosome 8, pharmacogenetic interaction of differential segment of rat chromosome 4 and dexamethasone, determining Plzf...

Esta tese descreve uma nova abordagem para a síntese de ciclopenta[g]indóis baseada na reação de contração de anel mediada por trinitrato de tálio (TTN) de uma olefina tricíclica, que contém uma unidade indólica. Foi possível encontrar condições reacionais em que o sal de tálio(III) mostrou-se quimiosseletivo, reagindo com a ligação dupla do anel cicloexênico, sem oxidar a ligação C2-C3 do anel indólico. Utilizando-se a reação acima, pôde-se alcançar a primeira síntese diastereosseletiva da (±)-trans-triquentrina A, que é um alcalóide indólico isolado de uma esponja marinha, em 20 etapas e com rendimento global de 2%. A etapa chave foi uma reação de contração de anel mediada por TTN em CH3CN com redução in situ promovida por NaBH4. Nestas condições o anel trans-1,3-dimetilciclopentânico da molécula alvo foi alcançado com excelente diastereosseletividade. Tentativas de hidrogenação assimétrica do (E)-etil-3-(1-benzil-4-etil-1H-indol-7-il)-but-2- enoato utilizando-se catalisadores de irído foram realizadas, visando a síntese da (+)-trans-triquentrina A. / This thesis presents a new approach toward the synthesis of cyclopenta[g]indoles using a ring contraction reaction mediated by thallium trinitrate (TTN) of a tricyclic olefin, bearing an indol unit. We could find reactional conditions where the thallium(III) salt was chemoselective, reacting on the cyclohexenic double bond without formation of C2-C3 indolic oxidation byproducts. Using the reaction above, we could accomplish the first diastereoselective total synthesis of (±)-trans-trikentrin A, which is an indolic alkaloid isolated from a marine sponge, in 20 steps and 2% of global yield. The key-step was a ring contraction reaction mediated by TTN in CH3CN with in situ reduction promoted by NaBH4. Under this condition the trans-1,3- dimethylcyclopentane moiety of the target molecule was achieved with good diastereoselectivity. The asymmetric hydrogenation of (E)-ethyl-3-(1-benzyl-4-ethyl-1H-indole-7-yl)-but-2- enoate was attempted using iridium catalysts were performed, aiming the synthesis of (+)-trans-trikentrin A.

Le travail retranscrit dans cette thèse regroupe l'étude de différents processus biologiques impliqués dans la synthèse protéique bactérienne. Dans un premier chapitre, les origines de la synthèse protéique au temps du monde ARN sont traitées en guise d'introduction. Ce travail théorique se poursuit par la présentation d'une structure à haute résolution du facteur d'élongation G (EF-G) en complexe avec le ribosome par cryo-microscopie électronique à transmission (cryo-MET). Grâce aux avancées techniques de la cryo-MET, nous avons observé pour la première fois EF-G lié au ribosome en l'absence de tout inhibiteur. Cet état particulièr d'EF-G permet de visualiser une flexibilité de son doamine III. Cette étude permet aussi de rationaliser le fonctionnement de l'antibiotique acide fusidique. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux voies de sauvetage de la synthèse protéique et plus particulièrement de la trans-traduction. Ce mécanisme fascinant permet le recyclage des ribosomes bloqués sur un ARN messager défectueux. Cette voie de sauvetage est généralement vitale ou alors indispensable pour la virulence bactérienne. Nous avons réalisé une étude structurale préliminaire de la dégradation de l'ARNm défectueux durant ce processus. Après une revue traitant du sujet, nous présentons une étude de la trans-traduction comme cible pour le développement de nouveaux antibiotiques. Pour cela, nous avons mis au point un système rapporteur avec contrôle interne de l'activité trans-traductionnelle bactérienne. Après avoir mis au point ce système et validé son utilisation, nous l'avons exploité en testant des molécules ciblant la trans-traduction. / The current PhD work brings together various studies linked to bacterial protein synthesis. The first chapter is about the origins of protein synthesis at the time of the RNA world. This theoretical work continues with the presentation of a high-resolution structure of the elongation factor G (EF-G) in complex with the ribosome by cryo-electron transmission microscopy (cryo-TEM). We describe for the first time EF-G bound to the ribosome in the absence of any inhibitor. This particular structure of EF-G displays a yet unseen positioning of its third domain, which becomes very flexible. This study helps to understand the way the antibiotic fusidic acid blocks translation. The work then switches to a study of trans-translation, the main rescuing system of stalled ribosomes in bacteria. Trans-translation is generally vital or at least necessary for bacterial virulence. We conducted a preliminary structural study on the way faulty mRNAs are degraded during this process. This is why we present a study of trans-translation as a target for the development of new antibiotics. For this we developed and validated a reporter system for trans-translation, which is used to screen molecules targeting trans-translation.