South Africa is called "the rainbow nation" because it has so many different cultures. These have an impact on the provision of primary health care. The purpose of this research is to foster good relationships between community health nurses and traditional healers and to explore, identify and describe the attitude of community health nurses towards the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. A non-experimental, explorative and descriptive research strategy was designed to explore the working relationship between community health nurses and traditional healers. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Quantitative as well as qualitative data analysis techniques were adopted to interpret the findings. The results indicated that respondents demonstrated positive attitudes towards working with traditional healers, especially in the provision of primary health care. Positive opinions, ideas and views were provided about the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. Respect, recognition and sensitivity were emphasized by respondents. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

Instrumentos de avaliação da memória episódica não verbal são escassos. Além disto, consideramos a crescente necessidade de esforços para a adaptação transcultural de instrumentos de memória para nosso contexto. O subteste Visual Reproduction I e II (Reprodução Visual I e II) faz parte da Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) e se trata de uma escala mundialmente utilizada e adaptada a diversas culturas, sendo considerada padrão ouro dentre as medidas de avaliação da memória. No presente estudo, utilizamos o subteste Reprodução Visual, da WMS na sua quarta edição (WMS-IV). O Reprodução Visual (RV) é subdividido em três domínios de investigação da memória visual (evocação imediata, evocação tardia e reconhecimento) e uma tarefa opcional para avaliação da percepção visual, habilidades construtivas e atenção aos detalhes (cópia). Além disto, o escore de cada um dos três domínios avaliados podem ser contrastados, de modo que se obtenham informações sobre a retenção, o quanto a memória é melhor ou pior do que as habilidades construtivas e, por último, o quão o sujeito evoca livremente ou precisa de pistas para evocar a informação aprendida. Esta versão da WMS-IV é uma revisão da WMS-III, cujos estudos resultaram em algumas alterações metodológicas e de conteúdo, no sentido de facilitar a análise dos resultados, diminuir os vieses de aplicação e correção. Desta forma, para atingir os propósitos desta pesquisa foram realizados dois estudos: o Estudo 1 teve como objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural do subteste Visual Reproduction I and II - Wechsler Memory Scale IV (WMS-IV) e apresentar uma versão para uso preliminar no Brasil. O estudo 2 consistiu na avaliação das suas propriedades psicométricas. Participaram do estudo 1 três tradutores com fluência no inglês, que realizaram traduções independentes, dois tradutores profissionais e dois juízes especialistas (um neurologista e uma neuropsicóloga). Os juízes especialistas e um tradutor profissional investigaram a equivalência conceitual, semântica e operacional dos itens. Uma amostra de 24 sujeitos saudáveis responderam ao pré-teste, que consistiu na investigação da compreensão e dificuldade da versão adaptada do Reprodução Visual I e II. No estudo dois, participaram 62 adultos saudáveis e 29 adultos com Acidente vascular cerebral em hemisfério direito, no território da Artéria cerebral média (AVC-ACMHD). Os sujeitos tinham idade entre 20 e 59 anos e as respostas foram consideradas para análises de confiabilidade e validade baseadas em análises estatísticas da teoria clássica (ANOVA, ANCOVA, coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, e correlação de Pearson) e da teoria moderna de testagem (Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) através do modelo de um parâmetro ou método de Rasch). O processo de análise das propriedades psicométricas utilizou a metodologia recomendada pelo American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA] e o National council on measure in education [NCME], 2008 indicada pela editora responsável pelos direitos autorais do WMS-IV. Na confiabilidade, foi investigada a consistência interna (coeficiente alfa de Cronbach) e a estabilidade temporal (correlação de Pearson). Na investigação da validade, foram investigados: os processos de resposta, a estrutura interna (correlação de Pearson, Teoria de resposta ao Item pelo método de Rash), a relação com outros instrumentos (Mini Exame do Estado Mental - MEEM e Figuras Complexas de Rey) e a relação com variáveis externas (AVC-ACMHD comparados a controles saudáveis). O índice de consistência interna do subteste foi de 0,92 e a estabilidade teste-reteste mostrou correlação significativa, exceto com a tarefa de evocação tardia. Esses resultados são similares aos do estudo original, sendo, portanto caracterizada a sua equivalência. Os resultados do estudo de validade mostraram que há equivalência em termos de conteúdo.A investigação da estrutura interna pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson evidenciou que todas as figuras obtiveram correlação significativa (p<0,001). Ainda mais: correlacionaram-se congruentemente durante toda a tarefa. Na investigação da estrutura interna pelo método de Rasch foi evidenciado que o teste é unidimensional, que a progressão de theta ao longo das categorias de resposta foram como o esperado pelo modelo. A TRI mostrou que a figura mais fácil é a figura 1 da tarefa de evocação imediata e a mais difícil é a figura 5 de evocação tardia. Os índices de correlação theta foram superiores a 0,5, mostrando correlação. No mapa de pessoas-itens as variáveis tenderam a avaliar o constructo em níveis inferiores ao de habilidade dos sujeitos, sugerindo a necessidade de itens avaliando níveis mais altos do constructo. Na análise de validade considerando outras medidas a tarefa de evocação imediata o escore total e evocação tardia apresentaram correlação com o total da tarefa de memória das figuras complexas de Rey. As tarefas de cópia correlacionaram-se com o total de cópia do teste das figuras complexas de Rey. A tarefa de evocação imediata o escore total e evocação tardia apresentaram correlação com o total do MEEM. A análise de covariância mostrou que a escolaridade exerce influência nos escores do RV. Assim, depois de controlada a escolaridade foi evidenciado que os controles tiveram melhor desempenho em todas as tarefas do RV, quando comparados aos pacientes com AVC-ACMHD. Na análise qualitativa, através do escalonamento e contraste dos escores, foi observado que o baixo desempenho dos pacientes com AVC se deve ao fato de que esses pacientes percebem muito mal o item, com pior controle motor, habilidade visuo-construtiva e capacidade de prestar atenção a detalhes. O resultado é uma menor aquisição da informações e as conseqüências são dificuldades na memória episódica não verbal . Os nossos resultados foram demonstrativos de que o RV da WMS- IV, além de culturalmente equivalente em termos de confiabilidade e validade, é adequado para a cultura dos sujeitos e pacientes avaliados em Ribeirão Preto, preciso e válido para o uso no Brasil. Saliente-se a necessidade de estudos normativos com esse subteste. / Tools for evaluation of non-verbal episodic memory are scarce. Furthermore, we consider the increasing need for efforts to cross-cultural adaptation of instruments of memory for our context. The subtest Visual Reproduction I and II is part of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and it is used worldwide scale and adapted to different cultures, and is considered the gold standard among assessment measures of memory. In the present study, we use the Visual Reproduction subtest of WMS in its fourth edition (WMS-IV). The Visual Reproduction (VR) is subdivided into three fields of research in visual memory (immediate recall, delayed recall and recognition) and an optional task to assess visual perception, constructive abilities and attention to detail (copy). Moreover, the score of each of the three domains can be contrasted evaluated in order to obtain information on retention, and the memory is better or worse than the constructive abilities, and finally, how the subject refers freely or need tracks to evoke the information learned. This version of the WMS-IV is a review of the WMS-III, whose studies have resulted in some changes in methodology and content, to facilitate the analysis of results, lower camest application and correction. Thus, to obtain the purposes of this research were carried out two studies: Study 1 was aimed at making cross-cultural adaptation of the subtest \"Visual Reproduction I and II - Wechsler Memory Scale - IV (WMS-IV)\" and present a version for use preliminary in Brazil and the second study consisted of an evaluation of its psychometric properties. The study included a three translators fluent in English, which made independent translations, translators two professional judges and two experts (a neurologist and a neuropsychologist) who performed the conceptual and item equivalence, semantic, and operational. 24 healthy subjects responded to the pretest, which consisted in the investigation of understanding and difficulty of the adapted version of the Visual Reproduction I and II. In the second study, participated in 62 healthy adults and 29 adults with stroke in the right hemisphere in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. All subjects were aged between 20 and 59 years and the responses were considered for analysis of reliability and validity based on statistical analysis of the classical theory (ANOVA, ANCOVA, Cronbach\'s alpha, and Pearsons correlation) and the modern theory testing (Item Theory Response IRT, the model of one parameter or Rasch method). The process of analyzing the psychometric properties following the methodology recommended by the American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA] and the National council on education measure in [NCME], 2008 - indicated by the publisher responsible for the copyright of the WMS-IV. In the reliability analysis, we investigated the internal consistency (Cronbach\'s alpha) and temporal stability (Pearsons correlation). To investigate the validity, were considered: the processes of response, the internal structure (Pearsons correlation and IRT), the relationship with other tools (Mini Mental State Exam- MMSE and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF).) and the relationship with external variables (stroke in the right hemisphere in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, compared to healthy controls). The index of internal consistency overall subtest was 0.92 and test-retest stability showed significant correlation, except with the task of delayed recall. These results are similar to the original study, showing thus their equivalence. The results of the validity study showed that there is equivalence in terms of investigating the internal structure and content. Pearson\'s correlation coefficient showed that all the figures obtained significant correlation (p <0.001) and further correlated with each moment congruently the task. In investigating the internal structure by the Rasch method has been shown that the test is one-dimensional that the progression of theta over the response categories was as expected by the model, and show that the figure is the easier task of Figure 1 - immediate recall, and is harder to figure 5- for delayed recall. The theta correlation coefficients were greater than 0.5, showing good correlation. On the map of people-items showed that the variables tended to evaluate the construct at levels below the skill of the subjects, suggesting the need for items assessing higher levels of the construct. In the analysis of validity considering other measures, the total score of immediate recall and delayed recall correlated with the total of memory task of the Rey complex figure copy. The copy of the Visual Reproduction correlated with copy of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). The task of ROCF immediate recall of the total score and delayed recall correlated with total MMSE. Covariance analysis showed that education exercises influences on scores of the RV. So, after controlled the variable schooling, was evident that the controls performed better than patients with stroke on all Visual Reproduction subtest. The qualitative analysis via scaling contrast scores, shown that low performance of patients with stroke is due the fact they recognize the item very badly, the motor control, visuo-constructive ability and ability to pay attention to details is lowered. Its can occur, may be due apraxia, resulting in lower acquisition of the information, resulting in difficulties in non-verbal episodic memory. Our results showing that the Visual Reproduction subtest of the WMS-IV was considered culturally equivalent in terms of reliability and validity and is appropriate for culture of the subjects and patients evaluated in Ribeirão Preto, valid and reliable for use in Brazil. We emphasize the need of studies regarding to normative data for this subtest.

Child vulnerability is a complex human phenomenon that varies contextually. This thesis explores the views of Iraqw and Datoga residents of Haydom village relating to child vulnerability using a concept analysis. The study is a mixed methods study carried out in three stages. The first stage is a non-empirical qualitative literature review; findings from this stage were used to construct questions for the subsequent stage of the study. The second stage of the study is empirical and qualitative, using a focused ethnographic approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirty-two adults of the Iraqw and Datoga ethnic groups. Five main themes emerged from a thematic analysis of these interviews; 1) antecedents: lack of resources, 2) contributing antecedents: intentional mistreatment, 3) defining attributes: deprivations in a young individual, 4) consequences: losses suffered, and 5) strategies: dealing with deprivation. Informants’ views were used to construct items for a questionnaire, which was administered in the third stage of the study. This quantitative stage involved eighty young adult respondents of the Iraqw and Datoga ethnic groups. The data in the third stage of the study was analysed statistically, and generally supported the findings of the second stage of the study. Significant Haydom findings congruent with the literature include that poverty and parental alcoholism are antecedents for child vulnerability, that fathers may be unreliable and that some children cope by persevering and working hard. Findings in Haydom that differ from the literature include the following: some people perceive large family size as a protective factor handicapped, illegitimate and foster children may be mistreated former wealth may predispose to lacking coping skills children as a resource child vulnerability has potential for deterioration, stasis or improvement informants suggested a limited range of strategies, including institutional care, with little stress on volunteerism unrelated fostering is unusual but acceptable to many people. This study recommends local identification of and advocacy for vulnerable children’s rights, and planning of evidence based but culturally acceptable strategies to help them. / Health Studies / (D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies))

One of the major challenges that persists in postsecondary foreign language (FL) education in the US today is how to implement a more integrated approach to language and literature instruction, that is, one that fosters critical awareness on multiple levels and prepares learners to be globally-connected and engaged citizens (MLA, 2007; Swaffar & Urlaub, 2014). Major contributions for achieving these goals have come from an array of pedagogical approaches that share in common their focus on language as a resource for making socially and symbolically rich meanings that do more than convey facts or express objectives. These include those designated as multiliteracies and genre-based approaches, as well as those that promote intercultural, symbolic and literary competencies as integral to the language learning experience. All of these frameworks acknowledge to some extent the fact that ambiguity-understood here as the multiplicity, indeterminacy, or destabilization of meaning-characterizes language itself and thus also our day-to-day and global communication, as well as the experience and process of FL learning. This dissertation, based on a qualitative classroom-based research study, considers how ambiguity can more be comprehensively integrated into FL learning and in particular into text-oriented teaching practices. The approach taken was a pedagogy that embraces ambiguity by providing learners and educators with strategies for navigating the moments of indeterminacy, uncertainty, and doubt that they will inevitably encounter in and out of the FL classroom. The study, set in an intermediate German language and culture course at a large public university, investigates 1) how to incorporate and assess moments of ambiguity more comprehensively across the curriculum and 2) how learners responded to various encounters with ambiguity, including ambiguity of genre, perspective, and silence. Data analysis revealed that purposeful integration of induced ambiguity can facilitate more comfort with those three dimensions and that it complements the principles of a multiliteracies-based FL pedagogy.

Le thème de la mobilisation totale est au cœur de la réflexion actuelle sur le renouvellement des modes de subjectivation et des manières d’être-ensemble. En arrière-plan, on trouve la question de la compatibilité entre les processus vitaux humains et la modernité, bref, la question de la viabilité du processus de civilisation occidental. Au cœur du diagnostic: l’insuffisance radicale de la fiction de l’homo oeconomicus, modèle de l’individu privé sans liens sociaux et souffrant d’un déficit de sphère. La « communauté qui vient » (Agamben), la « politisation de l’existence » (Lopez Petit) et la création de « sphères régénérées » (Sloterdijk) nomment autant de tentatives pour penser le dépassement de la forme désormais impropre et insensée de l’individualité. Mais comment réaliser ce dépassement? Ou de manière plus précise : quelle traversée pour amener l’individu privé à opérer ce dépassement? Ce doctorat s’organise autour d’une urgence focale : [E]scape. Ce concept suggère un horizon de fuite immanent : il signe une sortie hors de l’individu privé et trace un plan d’idéalité permettant d’effectuer cette sortie. Concrètement, ce concept commande la production d’une série d’analyses théoriques et artistiques portant sur des penseurs contemporains tels que Foucault, Deleuze ou Sloterdijk, l’album Kid A de Radiohead ainsi que sur le cinéma et l’art contemporain chinois (Jia Zhangke, Wong Kar-Wai, Wong Xiaoshuai, Lou Ye, Shu Yong, Huang Rui, Zhang Huan, Zhu Yu, etc.). Ces analyses sont conçues comme autant de passages ou itinéraires de désubjectivation. Elles posent toutes, d’une manière ou d’une autre, le problème du commun et de l’être-ensemble, sur le seuil des non-lieux du capitalisme global. Ces itinéraires se veulent liminaux, c’est-à-dire qu’ils se constituent comme passages sur la ligne d’un dehors et impliquent une mise en jeu éthopoïétique. Sur le plan conceptuel, ils marquent résolument une distance avec le paradigme de la politique identitaire et la critique des représentations interculturelles. / The theme of total mobilization is central to the contemporary reflection on the renewing of subjectivation processes and ways of being-together. In the background, we find the question of the compatibility between the human vital processes and modernity, or in other words, the question of the viability of Western civilization. At the core of the diagnosis: the radical insufficiency of the homo oeconomicus’s fiction, model of the private individual without meaningful social links and suffering from a sphere deficit. The “coming community” (Agamben), the “politization of existence” (Lopez Petit) and the creation of “regenerated spheres” (Sloterdijk) name as many attempts to think how to go beyond the henceforth improper and senseless form of individuality. But how are we to realize this overcoming? Or more precisely: which crossing to bring the private individual to operate this overcoming? This work is organized around a focal urgency: [E]scape. This concept suggest an immanent horizon of flight: it signs a way out of the private individual and draws a plan of ideality allowing to effectuate this exit. Concretely, this concept commands the production of a series of theoretical an artistic analysis of contemporary thinkers like Foucault, Deleuze and Sloterdijk, of Radiohead’s Kid A Album, and of different Chinese contemporary filmmakers and artists (Jia Zhangke, Wong Kar-Wai, Wong Xiaoshuai, Lou Ye, Shu Yong, Huang Rui, Zhang Huan, Zhu Yu, etc.) These analyses are conceived as passages or itineraries of desubjectivation. They all posit, in one way or the other, the problem of the common and of the being-together, on the threshold of global capitalism’s non-places. These itineraries are meant to be liminal, i.e. they constitute as many passages on the line and imply an ethopoietic mise en jeu. Conceptually speaking, they mark a distance with the identity politics paradigm and the critics of intercultural representations.

This thesis is an enquiry into the conditions in which various understandings of the newly introduced but vaguely grasped Western notion of ‘art’ emerged and sustained themselves in the name of cultural reproduction in early twentieth-century China. This Western concept of art was translated into Chinese as ‘meishu’, a neologism originally coined in Japanese kanji, and regarded as the embodiment of the ‘national essence’. Through a close examination of five art-related publishing events—the publication of the nationalistic journal Guocui xuebao; the launch of the art periodical Shenzhou guoguangji; the endeavours to compile a book collection on art, Meishu congshu; the making of the text Zhonguo yishujia zhenglüe which claimed to be a history book of Chinese ‘meishu’; and an example of image appropriation from Stephen Bushell’s Chinese Art—this thesis explores the ways in which different ‘neologistic imaginations’ of the term ‘meishu’ were constructed through publishing practices attempting to preserve and reproduce the ‘national essence’, by creating from the existent tradition a category of ‘art’ equivalent to that in the European West. Unlike previous scholarship, which deems any understanding of ‘meishu’ that deviated from the ‘authentic’ European model a ‘misconception’, this thesis sees these disparate understandings of ‘meishu’ as equally valid statements competing for dominance in the discursive field of art. This thesis thus argues that there existed at least three modes of utterances regarding the notion of ‘meishu’ in early twentieth-century China, and that the success of any such given utterance depended upon the acceptance of the authentic quality argued in its strategy of cultural reproduction. This thesis hence not only offers a detailed analysis of each publishing event, but also provides an interpretative framework within which the recognition of these utterances can be analysed by their strategic approaches to claiming cultural authenticity.

Nesta Dissertação exponho reflexões de mais de trinta anos de experimentação de processos de ensino e aprendizagem de ritmos populares. Utilizo o recurso da autoetnografia (Benetti 2017), e o conceito de \"participante analítico\". Ao estudar o samba como exemplo, proponho abordagens da rítmica dos seus instrumentos de percussão em sala de aula - ambiente novo para a transmissão dos conhecimentos ancestrais das expressões culturais populares. E transponho práticas dos contextos populares para o ambiente acadêmico, tais como a oralidade, a corporalidade e o entendimento das funções exercidas pelos padrões na estrutura rítmica do samba. O foco inicial do trabalho é a ludicidade (Huizinga 1938) como geradora da motivação para a abordagem de conteúdos musicais e corporais. Como estratégia de aprendizagem do samba, o texto propõe o uso de processos para a memorização dos padrões rítmicos (Kubik 1979b) e apresenta proposta de representação vocal dos instrumentos de percussão do samba. Os sons da voz e, depois, dos instrumentos de percussão, deverão gerar movimento no corpo do aprendiz, acessando assim a música-dança de modo transdisciplinar, importante para a apreensão integradora dos ritmos populares, onde o som é \"escrito\" nos corpos (Lühning 2001). Outra reflexão apresentada é de análise da estrutura de funções dos padrões rítmicos (\"levadas\") e suas influências em percepções verticais (pulsos corporais), e horizontais (fraseados). Emprego conceitos de Nketia (1975), Kubik (1979b), Pinto (2001), Sandroni (2001), Mukuna (2006), Fonseca (2017) e Leite (2017). O trabalho propõe a inclusão de visão transcultural dos ritmos populares (Ikeda 2016) em sua abordagem educacional, abrindo-se o foco para a amplitude da ocorrência do samba nos contextos. De ambientes matriciais da cultura brasileira, representados pelas religiões de matriz africana, e das versões rurais e praieiras do samba de roda, até as vertentes urbanas do samba, cujos praticantes referenciais \"beberam\" das fontes tradicionais. Para atestar as semelhanças e especificidades, inclui-se grades rítmicas desses três contextos culturais do ritmo. / By using an autoetnography resource (Benetti 2017), and the concept of \"analytic participant\", I organize reflections after more than thirty years of experimentation of the learning processes of popular rhythms. With samba music as focus, this work approaches rhythmic details from its percussion instruments in the classroom - a new environment for the transmission - transposing some fundamentals of popular culture. First comes the ludic impulse generating motivation (Huizinga 1938) and I propose mnemonic processes to vocalize sounds (Kubik 1979b) and generate movements in the body of apprentices. There is a wide meaning for a popular rhythm as music and dance, where sounds \"write\" even before accessing percussion instruments (Lühning 2001). Then, another fundamental is understanding the structure of the rhythm with patterns (\"levadas\') and their influence in vertical perceptions (body pulses), and horizontal perceptions (phrasing). I bring concepts from Nketia (1975), Kubik (1979b), Pinto (2001), Sandroni (2001), Mukuna (2006), Fonseca (2017) and Leite (2017). Finally, I work with apprentices a transcultural view for popular rhythms (Ikeda 2016), from three different samba contexts. Starting from Afro-Brazilian religious example and rural and beach Afro-Brazilian branches in samba-de-roda, up to the urban branch of samba, with participants who drank from that traditional fountain. Rhythmic grids of the three cultural contexts of the rhythm are included, to attest to the similarities and differences.

INTRODUÇÃO: a resiliência é um construto associado às características pessoais que permitem a um indivíduo adaptar-se e superar situações adversas. Uma pessoa mais resiliente é aquela com maiores habilidades de se adaptar sob estresse, a despeito da carga de dificuldades enfrentada e de um contexto desfavorável no entorno. A Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) e a Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) tentam aferir a resiliência individual e já tiveram suas propriedades testadas em vários países da América do Norte, África, Europa e Ásia. OBJETIVO: traduzir, realizar a adaptação para o contexto cultural brasileiro e verificar a confiabilidade e a validade das escalas DRS-15 e CD-RISC. MÉTODO: uma metodologia com as etapas seqüenciais de tradução/retro-tradução/adaptação cultural/estudo de confiabilidade/estudo de validade foi utilizada. A adaptação cultural foi executada por um grupo de especialistas em epidemiologia, linguística, psiquiatria e tratamento da dor. A compreensão das versões culturalmente adaptadas foi testada com 65 pacientes adultos do grupo de avaliação pré-anestésica e do ambulatório geral de ansiedade do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP. Retro-traduções das versões finais foram aprovadas pelos autores principais das escalas originais. O estudo de validade foi conduzido pela aplicação conjunta de ambas as versões brasileiras das escalas, do Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp (ISSL), do Self-report questionnaire (SRQ), da escala de incapacitação de Sheehan (SDS) e da Escala Graduada de Dor Crônica (CPG-Br) a 575 pacientes e acompanhantes adultos da mesma população. A confiabilidade teste-reteste foi avaliada por uma segunda aplicação das escalas de resiliência a 123 participantes, entre 7 e 14 dias após a entrevista inicial. RESULTADOS: entre os participantes da fase de validação, a idade média foi de 44 anos (amplitude de 18-93), com predomínio de mulheres (74%), e média de dez anos de estudo. A maioria dos entrevistados (93%) pertencia aos estratos socioeconômicos B e C. Três fatores e quatro fatores foram identificados por análise fatorial exploratória para as versões da DRS-15 e CD-RISC, respectivamente. O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,71 para a DRS, e de 0,93 para a CD-RISC, indicando melhor consistência interna para a segunda. A confiabilidade teste-reteste retornou coeficientes de correlação intra-classe de 0,81 e 0,86 para a DRS e CD-RISC, respectivamente. A correlação entre as duas escalas foi de 0,52. Observaram-se correlações negativas significativas entre os escores das escalas de resiliência e os escores para cinco das seis dimensões do ISSL, assim como para com os escores do SRQ e SDS (p < 0,001). Não houve correlação entre as escalas de resiliência e a CPG-Br. A CD-RISC encontrou correlações mais fortes que a DRS para com as variáveis de comparação externa. As duas escalas discriminaram resiliência menor para os pacientes dos ambulatórios psiquiátricos, em comparação aos dos ambulatórios não-psiquiátricos. Entre os pacientes psiquiátricos, os escores de resiliência foram significativamente menores para os pacientes com transtorno Borderline de personalidade, em comparação aos pacientes com transtorno de estresse pós-traumático. CONCLUSÃO: propriedades de consistência interna, estabilidade temporal e validade foram satisfatoriamente demonstradas para as versões brasileiras da DRS e da CD-RISC em uma amostra de pacientes e acompanhantes adultos dos ambulatórios do Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo / INTRODUCTION: Resilience is a construct related to the personal characteristics that allow an individual to adapt and overcome adversity. A more resilient person is the one that exhibits greater abilities to adapt under stress, despite the burden of difficulties and of an unfavorable context. The Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) are two scales to measure individual resilience, both of which have had psychometrics evaluated by researchers from the US, Africa, Europe and Asia. OBJECTIVE: To verify the reliability and validity of culturally adapted Brazilian Portuguese versions of the DRS-15 and CD-RISC. METHODS: The following stepwise methodology was used: translation / back translation / cultural adaptation / reliability study / validation study. Cultural adaptation was performed by an expert committee of epidemiologist, linguists, psychiatrist and pain specialists. Comprehension of the culturally adapted versions was tested through 65 interviews with adult patients from the pre-anesthetic consultation ambulatory and general ambulatory for anxiety disorders of Hospital das Clínicas of FMUSP. Back-translations of the culturally adapted versions were fully approved by the authors of the original scales. Validation studies were carried out by concurrent application of both the adapted versions of resilience scales, the Brazilian Stress Symptoms Inventory for Adults (ISSL), the Self-report Questionnaire (SRQ), the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and the Chronic Pain Grade (CPG-Br) to 575 participants (outpatients and companions) from the same population. Test-retest reliability was studied by means of a second interview with 123 subjects, which took place between 7 and 14 days after the first one. RESULTS: Subjects of the validation phase were mostly women (74%), with an average of 44 years of age (18-93) and 10 years of formal schooling. There was a predominance of socioeconomic levels B or C (93%) on an A to E scale. Exploratory factor analyses resulted in a three-factor for the DRS and a four-factor solution for the CD-RISC. Alpha coefficients of 0.71 for the DRS and 0.93 for the CD-RISC indicated better internal consistency for the latter. Temporal stability was regarded as excellent, with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.81 and 0.86 for the DRS and CD-RISC, respectively. Correlation coefficient between the two scales was 0.52. Significant negative correlations were observed between the scores of both resilience scales and five out of six dimensions of the ISSL, and so as between the resilience scales scores and those of the SRQ and SDS (p < 0.001). No correlation was observed between the resilience scales and the CPG-Br. The CD-RISC was more competent than DRS to depict such correlations. Both scales were able to discriminate differences in resilience scores of non-psychiatric and psychiatric patients, the latter presenting with lower scores. The group of borderline patients significantly presented with lower resilience scores in comparison with those of the post-traumatic stress disorder patients. CONCLUSION: Good reliability and validity were demonstrated with the Brazilian Portuguese versions of the DRS and CD-RISC as tested on a sample of adult ambulatory patients and their adult companions at Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo

INTRODUÇÃO: O modelo \'prática baseada em evidência na tecnologia assistiva\', possui como objetivo agregar os objetivos dos clientes integrando a experiência dos profissionais às melhores evidências disponíveis da pesquisa sistemática para a escolha do produto. Para o campo da tecnologia assistiva (TA), isso implica uma ênfase na pesquisa de resultados que discute sobre as contribuições dos dispositivos e os serviços relacionados à vida diária dos usuários. No Brasil, existe uma falta de modelos que articulem o uso da TA, diminuindo o abandono dos dispositivos. Com os modelos e os instrumentos de medida, é possível obter dados, comparar os resultados entre populações distintas, adquirir medidas de resultado confiáveis e válidas, de forma econômica e eficaz, e transformar medidas subjetivas em dados objetivos, que podem ser quantificados e analisados. Isso possibilita que se verifiquem os impactos nos processos de intervenção em saúde e se comparem os produtos com menos recursos financeiros. OBJETIVO: Este estudo tem dois objetivos distintos, mas que se entrelaçam ao dar suporte à sua justificativa e que aqui são chamados de Fase A e Fase B. O primeiro, consiste em identificar através da realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura os diferentes questionários utilizados para selecionar itens de TA. O segundo, realizar o processo de adaptação transcultural do quadro de estruturação para a modelagem conceitual de resultados de dispositivos de TA (QEMCRDTA) para ser utilizado no Brasil. MÉTODO: Para selecionar e escolher o modelo utilizado nesta pesquisa, visando alcançar os objetivos descritos, foram efetuados dois estudos, divididos aqui em fase A e B. Na Fase A, procedeu-se a uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional e internacional, com o objetivo de identificar os diferentes questionários utilizados para selecionar itens de TA, descrever e avaliar os procedimentos adotados para fazer a adaptação transcultural, com as características e os domínios temáticos de cada artigo, avaliar o processo de adaptação cultural adotado e descrever as propriedades psicométricas encontradas nos trabalhos. A Fase B compreendeu as etapas de: 1) tradução/síntese das traduções; 2) retrotradução (back translation); 3) Análise pelo comitê de especialistas; 4) Teste da versão pré-final conforme diretrizes internacionais. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados da fase A mostraram que dentre os 560 artigos encontrados, Apenas 05 pesquisas foram incluídas na síntese qualitativa atendendo os critérios de inclusão. O QUEST pode ser considerado o instrumento mais traduzido e adaptado para outras culturas. Os achados da Fase B, expõem um alto índice da validade do conteúdo certificando a qualidade dos itens que representam o conceito mensurado. Todos os itens que passaram pelo processo de adaptação transcultural foram classificados como de fácil entendimento e nenhum item foi acrescentado ou retirado do Quadro de Estruturação para a Modelagem Conceitual de Resultados de Dispositivos de TA (QEMCRDTA) / INTRODUCTION: The model is based on assistive technology, whose main objective is to choose the professionals for the best results of the systematic research to choose the product. For the TA field, this implies an emphasis on researching results on applications and services related to users\' daily life. In Brazil, there is a lack of models that address the use of assistive technology, reducing the abandonment of devices. With models and measuring instruments, it is possible to obtain data, to compare results between distinctions, to obtain expected and variable measures of results, on a temporary and efficient basis, and to carry out the application of objective data, which can be quantified and analyzed. This enables the results of health and health process studies to be compared with other financial resources. PURPOSE: This study has two distinct objectives, but they are intertwined with support for its justification and are called Phase A and Phase B. The first is to identify through the systematic review of the literature the different questionnaires used to select Assistive Technology items. The second was the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the framework for a conceptual modeling of assistive technology resources for use in Brazil. METHOD: To obtain the number of sequential actions, the index was corrected in two years, divided into two years, divided into stages A and B. In Phase A, a systematic review of the national and international literature was carried out, with the Abstract Keywords of different questions for users to change such as trends, the as described and assessor of the evaluation of adaptive studies to discover the cross-cultural characteristics, and the psychiatric strategies processes to adaptability in the works. Phase B comprised the steps of: 1) translation / synthesis of translations; 2) back translation (reverse translation); 3) Analysis by the committee of experts; 4) Testing the pre-final relationship according to international guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: the results of the phase A change that are among the 560 articles found, only 05 were inserted in the qualitative synthesis in proposing inclusion. QUEST can be considered the most translated and adapted instrument for other cultures. The findings of Phase B, expose a high index of content validity, certifying the quality of the items that represent the concept measured. All cases that received the cross-cultural adaptation process were classified as easy to understand and no item was included or removed from the Structuring Framework for a Conceptual Modeling of Assistive Technology Devices Results

Nesta Dissertação exponho reflexões de mais de trinta anos de experimentação de processos de ensino e aprendizagem de ritmos populares. Utilizo o recurso da autoetnografia (Benetti 2017), e o conceito de \"participante analítico\". Ao estudar o samba como exemplo, proponho abordagens da rítmica dos seus instrumentos de percussão em sala de aula - ambiente novo para a transmissão dos conhecimentos ancestrais das expressões culturais populares. E transponho práticas dos contextos populares para o ambiente acadêmico, tais como a oralidade, a corporalidade e o entendimento das funções exercidas pelos padrões na estrutura rítmica do samba. O foco inicial do trabalho é a ludicidade (Huizinga 1938) como geradora da motivação para a abordagem de conteúdos musicais e corporais. Como estratégia de aprendizagem do samba, o texto propõe o uso de processos para a memorização dos padrões rítmicos (Kubik 1979b) e apresenta proposta de representação vocal dos instrumentos de percussão do samba. Os sons da voz e, depois, dos instrumentos de percussão, deverão gerar movimento no corpo do aprendiz, acessando assim a música-dança de modo transdisciplinar, importante para a apreensão integradora dos ritmos populares, onde o som é \"escrito\" nos corpos (Lühning 2001). Outra reflexão apresentada é de análise da estrutura de funções dos padrões rítmicos (\"levadas\") e suas influências em percepções verticais (pulsos corporais), e horizontais (fraseados). Emprego conceitos de Nketia (1975), Kubik (1979b), Pinto (2001), Sandroni (2001), Mukuna (2006), Fonseca (2017) e Leite (2017). O trabalho propõe a inclusão de visão transcultural dos ritmos populares (Ikeda 2016) em sua abordagem educacional, abrindo-se o foco para a amplitude da ocorrência do samba nos contextos. De ambientes matriciais da cultura brasileira, representados pelas religiões de matriz africana, e das versões rurais e praieiras do samba de roda, até as vertentes urbanas do samba, cujos praticantes referenciais \"beberam\" das fontes tradicionais. Para atestar as semelhanças e especificidades, inclui-se grades rítmicas desses três contextos culturais do ritmo. / By using an autoetnography resource (Benetti 2017), and the concept of \"analytic participant\", I organize reflections after more than thirty years of experimentation of the learning processes of popular rhythms. With samba music as focus, this work approaches rhythmic details from its percussion instruments in the classroom - a new environment for the transmission - transposing some fundamentals of popular culture. First comes the ludic impulse generating motivation (Huizinga 1938) and I propose mnemonic processes to vocalize sounds (Kubik 1979b) and generate movements in the body of apprentices. There is a wide meaning for a popular rhythm as music and dance, where sounds \"write\" even before accessing percussion instruments (Lühning 2001). Then, another fundamental is understanding the structure of the rhythm with patterns (\"levadas\') and their influence in vertical perceptions (body pulses), and horizontal perceptions (phrasing). I bring concepts from Nketia (1975), Kubik (1979b), Pinto (2001), Sandroni (2001), Mukuna (2006), Fonseca (2017) and Leite (2017). Finally, I work with apprentices a transcultural view for popular rhythms (Ikeda 2016), from three different samba contexts. Starting from Afro-Brazilian religious example and rural and beach Afro-Brazilian branches in samba-de-roda, up to the urban branch of samba, with participants who drank from that traditional fountain. Rhythmic grids of the three cultural contexts of the rhythm are included, to attest to the similarities and differences.